Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article
Catalogue of Cultures in The National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 1st edition (1977).
Surface Carbohydrates of the Prokaryotic Cell (1977). Edited by I. W. Sutherland.
Microbial Ecology of the Gut (1977). Edited by R. T. J. Clarke and T. Bauchop.
Microbiology 1977 (1977). Edited by D. Schlessinger.
Aquatic Microbiology (1977). Edited by F. A. Skinner and J. M. Shewan.
Technological Aids to Microbiology (1978). R. E. Trotman.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Animal Microbiology Volume 1 (1977). Immunology, Bacteriology, Mycology, Diseases of Fish and Laboratory Methods. A. Buxton and G. Fraser.
Animal Microbiology Volume 2 (1977). Rickettsias and Viruses. A. Buxton and G. Fraser.
Micro-organisms in Foods 1. Their Significance and Methods of Enumeration (1978). 2nd Edn. A publication of the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) of the International Association of Microbiological Societies.
Soil Organisms as Components of Ecosystems (1977). Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on Soil Zoology. Ecological Bulletin (Stockholm) 25 . Edited by U. Lohm and T. Persson.
Biotechnology and Fungal Differentiation (1977). Edited by J. Meyrath and J. D. Bu'lock. Federation of European Microbiological Societies Symposium.     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Zeitschriften: Maynard Smith, J. (1977): Parental investment: a prospective analysis Zeitschriften: Goss-Custard, J. D. (1977): Optimal foraging and the size selection of worms by Redshank Zeitschriften: Halliday, T. R. (1977): The effect of experimental manipulation of breathing behaviour on the sexual behaviour of the Smooth Newt Zeitschriften: Young, G. , und Th. G. Décarie (1977): An ethology-based catalogue of facial/vocal behaviour in infancy Zeitschriften: Sternglanz, S. H., J. L. Grey und M. Murakami (1977): Adult preferences for infantile facial features Zeitschriften: Bertram, B. C. R. (1977): Variation in the wing-song of the flappet lark Zeitschriften: McFarland, D. J. (1977): Decision making in animals Bücher: Heiligenberg, W. (1977): Principles of Electrolocation and Jamming Avoidance in Electric Fish Bücher: Löhrl, H. (1976): Der Mauerläufer. A. Ziemsen-Verlag, Wittenberg/Luther-stadt Bücher: Meyer, P. (1976): Taschenlexikon der Verhaltenskunde Bücher: Tembrock, G., ed. (1978): Wörterbücher der Biologie: Verhaltensbiologie, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Physiologie des Verhaltens Bücher: Heymer, A. (1977): Ethologisches WoUrterbuch — Ethological Dictionary — Vocabulaire Ethologique     

A summary of the prevalence of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in a captive wapiti population.

A total of 87 brains from harvested and collected wapiti and red deer (Cervus spp.) were examined grossly and microscopically between 1973 and 1977 in a 2104 ha. preserve. Prevalence of infection significantly increased from 26.6% of the sample in 1973 to 64.3% in 1975 (P less than .05). A decline to 47.7% in 1977 (P greater than .05) was not significant. However, the number of clinical cases was significantly higher in 1976-1977 (P less than .02) than previously reported in 1973-1975.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
E conomic M icrobiology , Volume I, Alcoholic Beverages (1977). Edited by A. H. Rose.
P lant P athology and P lant P athogens (1977). C. H. Dickinson & J. A. Lucas.     

湖北郧西范家坪早石炭世四射珊瑚

本文描述了贵阳西北郊探矿厂对面山坡上发现的早二叠世晚期茅口组双切尾虫亚科三叶虫的1新属——棘菲利普虫属(Acanthophillipsia),计4新种:Acanthophillipsia guiyangensis, A. abrota, A. abnormis和A.granurosa,丰富了我国二叠纪三叶虫动物群的资料,对研究二叠纪三叶虫的分类、演化和古生物地理分区都具有一定的意义。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article
Microbiology Of Aerial Plant Surfaces (1976). Edited by C. H. Dickinson and T. F. Preece.
An Atlas Of Medical Microbiology—common Human Pathogens (1977). B. C. Stratford.
Microbiol Energetics—27th Symposium Of The Society For General Microbiology (1977). Edited by B. A. Haddock and W. A. Hamilton 442 pp.     

Complete nucleotide sequence of the 5' noncoding region of human alpha-and beta-globin mRNA

The 5' noncoding regions of human alpha-and beta-globin mRNAs, 37 and 50 nucleotides in length, have been sequenced. A variation of the "plus and minus" gel technique described by Brownlee and Cartwright (1977) was used, and the results were cross-checked by the Maxam and Gilbert (1977) procedure. These studies completed the knowledge of all the noncoding region sequences of both mRNAs, and it was then possible to calculate their exact size. Human alpha-and beta-globin mRNAs are 575 and 626 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A). Furthermore, because the coding and 3' noncoding regions of the latter were known from previous studies (Marotta et al., 1977; Proudfoot, 1977), the primary structure of human beta-globin mRNA is now complete except for six ambiguities in the coding region. The human and rabbit 5' noncoding region sequences are about 80% homologous. This suggests that they are under a moderate selective pressure.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article
Food Microbiology (1978). W. C. Frazier and D. C. Westcoff.
Microbial Interactions (1977). Edited by J. L. Reissig.
CRC Handbook Series In Clinical Laboratory Science (1977). Editor-in-Chief, D. Seligson. Section E: Clinical Microbiology, Volume I. Edited by A. von Graevenitz.
Nitrogen Fixation (1978). John Postgate, F.R.S. 67 pp. Institute of Biology.
Methods Of Cultivating Parasites In Vitro (1978). A. E. R. Taylor and J. R. Baker.
Viruses And Trace Contaminants In Water And Wastewater (1977). Edited by J. A. Borchardt, J. K. Cleland, W. J. Redman and G. Oliver.     

Besprechungen

Book reviewed in this article: Phillips, R. R. (1977): The relationship between social behaviour and the ue of space in the benthic fish Chasmodes bosquianus Lacepède (Teleostei, Blenniidae) IV. Waser, P. M. (1977): Individual recognition, intragroup cohesion and intergroup spacing: evidence from sound playback to forest monkeys (Persönliches Erkennen, Zusammenhalt und Abstandhalten der Gruppen: Ergebnisse von Tonbandrückspielversuchen mit waldbewohnenden Affen). Epro, R. A. (1977): Electrically elicited vocalization from the brain of the house finch (Caupoductis mexicanus) (Durch Hirnreizung ausgelöste Lautäußerungen beim Hausfinken). Shalter, M. D., J. C. Fentress und G. W. Young (1977): Determinants of response of wolf pups to auditory signals (Welche Faktoren beeinflussen das Antwortverhalten von Wolfswelpen auf akustische Signale?). Ghett, V. J. de (1977): The ontogeny of ultrasonic vocalization in Micvotus montanus (Die Entwicklung des Ultraschallrufens bei jungen M. m.). Koenig, O. (1975): Urmotiv Auge. Neuentdeckte Grundzüge menschlichen Verhaltens. Etienne, A. S. (1977): The control of two antagonistic locomotor activities in a predatory insect (Die Kontrolle zweier einander entgegengesetzter Fortbewegungsweisen bei einem rauberischen Insekt). Savage, E. S., und Ch. Malick (1977): Play and socio-sexual behaviour in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) group (Spiel und sozio-sexuelles Verhalten bei Schimpansen in Gefangenschaft). Bédard, J., und J. Munro (1977): Brood and créche stability in the Common Eider of the St. Lawrence estuary (Der Zusammenhalt von Geschwisterscharen und Krippen mit ihren Betreuern bei Eiderenten im Mündungsgebiet des St. Lorenz-Stroms). Jones, R. E. (1977): Search behaviour: A study of three caterpillar species (Das Suchverhalten von Raupen dreier Schmetterlingsarten). Zumpe, D., und R. P. michael (1977): Effects of ejaculations by males on the sexual invitations of female rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta) (Wiebeeinflussne Ejakulationen der ♂♂ die Paarungsaufforderungen weiblicher Rhesusaffen?). Hutchison, R. E. (1977): Temporal relationships between nesting behaviour, ovary and oviduct development during the reproductive cycle of female budgerigars (Ober die zeitliche Zuordnung des Nistverhaltens zur Entwicklung des Ovars und Ovidukts beim Wellensittich). Güttinger, H. R. (1977): Variable and constant sturctures in Greenfinck songs (Chloris chloris) in different locations (Veränderliche und gleichförmige Strukturen in Grünlingsgesänen verschiedener Herkunft). Hold, B. (1977): Rank and behaviour: an ethological study of preschool children (Rang und Verhalten: eine ethologische Untersuchung an Vorschulkindern). Bücher: Nachtsheim, H., und H. Stengel (1977): Vom Wildtier zum Haustier, 3. Oliverio, A., ed. (1977): Genetics, environment and intelligence (Genetik, Umgebung und Intelligenz). Chauvin, R. ed. (1972): Modèles Animaux du Comportement Humain (Über die Vergleichbarkeit des Verhaltens von Tieren und Menschen). Blurton Jones, N., ed. (1972): Ethological Studies of Child Behaviour (Verhaltensbeobachtungen an Kindern). McGrew, W. C. (1972): An Ethological Study of Children's Behavior (Verhaltensbeobachtungen an Kindern). Hassenstein, B. (1978): Verhaltensbiologie des Kindes. 2. Aufl, R. Piper Verlag, München. Kiernan, C. C., und F. P. Woodford (1975): Behaviour modification with the severely retarded (Verhaltensänderungen bei behinderten Kindern). Bettelheim, B. (1977): Die Geburt des Selbst (The empty fortress. Aus dem Amerikanischen übersetzt von E. Ortmann). Döbert, R., J. Habermas und G. Nunner-Winkler, ed. (1977): Entwicklung des Ichs. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1976): Menschenforschung auf neuen Wegen. Reynolds, V., und N. Blurton Jones, ed. (1978): Human Behaviour and Adaptations (Angepaßtheit im Verhalten des Menschen). Neumann, G.-H. (1979): Einführung in die Humanethologie. Hassenstein, B., H. Mohr, G. Osche, K. Sander, W. Wülker (1979): Freiburger Vorlesungen zur Biologie des Menschen.     

An Approach to Ecology Teaching at University Level

The Virus. A History of the Concept S. S. HUGHES 140 pp., illustrated. London: Heinemann Educational (New York: Science History Publications), 1977. £3.90. Reviewed by H. V. WYATT

Ecology and Archaeology Studies to Biology, No. 77 G. W. DIMBLEBY 55 pp., illustrated. London: Edward Arnold, 1977. £3.00 boards, £1.50 paper. Reviewed by CHARLES BRADY

Colonization of Industrial Wasteland Studies in Biology, No. 80 R. P. GEMMELL 75 pp., illustrated. London: Edward Arnold, 1977. £3.20 boards, £1.60. paper. Reviewed by JOHN M. AYERST

Energy and the Living Cell. An Introduction to Bioenergetics W. M. BECKER 346 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific), 1977. £6.40. Reviewed by J. PREBBLE

Microbial and Molecular Genetics Second edition J. R. FINCHAM 150 pp. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1976. £3.95 boards, £2.25 paper. Reviewed by J. H. CROFT

Genetics M. W. ROBERTS 90 pp., illustrated. Plymouth: Macdonald and Evans, 1977. £1.25. Reviewed by CECILY A. GALE

The Differentiation of Cells N. MACLEAN 216 pp., illustrated. London: Edward Arnold, 1977. £12.00 boards, £5.95 paper. Reviewed by K. R. TYLER

Mechanics of the Mind C. BLAKEMORE 208 pp., illustrated. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. £10.50 boards, £3.95 paper.Reviewed by O. LOWENSTEIN

The Pursuit of Nature. Informal Essays on the History of Physiology A. L. HODGKIN, A. F. HUXLEY, et al. 180 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. £7.50. Reviewed by DIANA E. MANUEL

Signs of Life I. RIDPATH 190 pp., illustrated. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1977. £1.25. Reviewed by O. LOWENSTEIN     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Hazlett, B. A. , ed. (1977): Quantitative methods in the study of animal behavior (Quantitative Methoden in der Verhaltensforschung) National Geographic Society ed. (1977): Das neue Bild der Tierwelt. Verhaltensforscher berichten (The marvels of animal behavior, übersetzt, von G. Strub) George, U. (1976): In den Wüsten dieser Erde. Faszinierende Entdeckungen und Erkenntnisse eines Naturforschers. Verlag Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg Rowe-Rowe, D. T. (1978): The small carnivores of Natal (Die Kleinraubsäuger Natals) Koller/Anders/Steitz (1977): Zoologie — Eine Einführung in die Tierkunde Schlieper, C. (1977): Praktikum der Zoophysiologie. 4. Aufl., neubearbeitet von W. Hanke, K. Hamdorf, E. Horn, C. Schlieper Conrad, B. (1977): Die Giftbelastung der Vogelwelt Deutschlands     

Short reviews

Milton M. Gordon, HUMAN NATURE, CLASS AND ETHNICITY. London and New York, Oxford University Press, 1978, 302 pp., £6.50, $11.95 ($3.50 paper).

June Teufel Dreyer, CHINA'S FORTY MILLIONS: MINORITY NATIONALITIES AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Cambridge (Mass.) and London, Harvard University Press, 1976, 333 pp., £9.55.

W. Stanford Reid (ed), THE SCOTTISH TRADITION IN CANADA. Toronto, McClelland & Stewart, 1976, xi + 324 pp., $12.55.

I. H. Kawharu, MAORI LAND TENURE: STUDIES OF A CHANGING INSTITUTION. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977, 362 pp., £13.50.

David T. Wellman, PORTRAITS OF WHITE RACISM. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977, 254 pp., £9.50 (£4.00 paper).

Lucy Mair, AFRICAN KINGDOMS. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977, 151 pp., £3.95, (£1.95 paper).

Roger Scott, NORTHERN IRELAND: THE POLITICS OF VIOLENCE. Canberra Series in Administrative Studies 2., Canberra College of Advanced Education, 1977, 84 pp., n.p.

James A. Geschwender, CLASS, RACE AND WORKER INSURGENCY: THE LEAGUE OF BLACK REVOLUTIONARY WORKERS. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977, 249 pp., £8.50 (£3.50 paper).

Crawford Young, THE POLITICS OF CULTURAL PLURALISM. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1976. 560 pp., £13.60.

D. C. R. A. Goonetilleke, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN BRITISH FICTION. London, Macmillan, 1977, 282 pp., £8.95.

M. M. Mahood, THE COLONIAL ENCOUNTER. London, Rex Collings, 1977, 210 pp., £4.75.

Brian V. Street, THE SAVAGE IN LITERATURE. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975, 207 pp., £5.75.     

Comparison of bottom trawl stock densities in the inner Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria

A comparison of mean bottom trawl stock densities (kg ha^-1) from 19 UNDP 1969/70 tows, 69 EAFFRO 1975 tows and 167 fourth quarter FFRI 1977 tows in the inner Kavirondo Gulf of Lake Victoria showed the following changes from 1969/70 to 1977.

• (1)

  A reduction in mean stock densities for Bagrus docmac, Clarias mossambicus, Haplochromis spp., Protopterus aethiopicus, Schilbe mystus and Synodontis spp.
• (2)

  An increase in mean stock densities for Lates niloticus, Tilapia nilotica and T. variabilis .
• (3)

  No change in mean stock density for Labeo victorianus .
• (4)

  No T. esculenta or Mormyrus kannume collected in 1977.

     

Book Reviews

Hammond C. O. (1977) The Dragon flies of Great Britain and Ireland .
Golterman H. L. (Ed.) (1977) Interactions Between Sediments and Freshwater .
Schwoerbel J. (1977) Einführung in die Limnologie .     

‘Complete’ trisomy 5p; de novo translocation t(2;5)(q36;p11) with isochromosome 5p

Summary A case of complete trisomy 5p due to a de novo translocation t(2;5)(q36;p11) with an isochromosome 5p is described. Complete trisomy 5p has been reported only once (Brimblecombe et al., 1977). The confusing literature relating to partial trisomy 5p is reviewed. Comparison of our case with the patients reported by Brimblecombe et al. (1977) and by Opitz and Patau (1975) is suggestive for a distinct clinical syndrome if (almost) the complete short arm of chromosome 5 is present in a trisomic state. Unfortunately the clinical findings in the case of Brimblecombe (1966, 1977) are poorly documented. The main features of this syndrome are: macrocephaly, psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, postnatal growth failure, tracheobronchial involvement, mongoloid slant of the eyes, epicanthus, low-set ears, depressed nasal bridge, short first toe, and seizures.     

Fish stock assessments in Lake Konnevesi

In 1977, the average fish yield in the oligotrophic and oligohumic lake Konnevesi was 6.4 kg ha^–1 (2.6 kg vendace, 1.3 kg perch, 0.7 kg whitefish, 0.5 kg roach, 0.3 kg pike and 0.3 kg burbot). In that year the stock of vendace was exceptionally poor. A study was made to determine the optimum strategy for exploiting the stocks. The field work included test fishing (1970–78), sampling of catches (1977–80) and collection of catch per unit effort data (1978–80), and catch statistics (1969, 1970, 1977). The stocks were assessed by the Beverton and Holt method. Whitefish is exploited at a proper level. Fishing of vendace and roach can be increased, and the yield of pike would be greater, if the recruiting age were higher than at present.     

Nonequilibrium dynamics of sedge meadows grazed by cattle in southern Wisconsin

Equilibrium theory predicts that after disturbance, ecosystemseventually regain the structural and functional properties characteristic oftheir predisturbance condition. This study tested this idea by examining theeffects of cattle grazing and exclusion on the long-term structuralcharacteristics of sedge meadows in southern Wisconsin. To compare structuralchanges in mean percentage cover and height, repeated measures analysis wasconducted on two sedge meadows over a twenty year period from 1977 to 1997. Onesedge meadow was recovering from cattle grazing (cattle excluded in 1973) andthe other was a reference area (nearly undisturbed). Both of these study siteschanged structurally from 1977 to 1997, supporting non-equilibrium theory.Additional observations were made in a heavily and lightly grazed sedge meadowthat were surveyed in 1977. As based on the positions of subunits in anordination graph produced using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), therecovery sedge meadow became less structurally similar to the grazed and moresimilar to the reference site over the 20 year study. However, from theperspective of mean maximum height in another NMS analysis, the recovery sedgemeadow became less similar to the reference site over time likely because by1997, a shrub carr of Cornus sericea had developed in therecovery sedge meadow that had been dominated by graminoids and forbs in 1977(mean maximum height: 1977 vs. 1997; 0 vs. 47 cm). Seedlings ofCornus sericea were invading the grazed sedge meadows andin the recovery sedge meadow (cattle excluded 4 years earlier) in 1977. A shrubcarr did not develop in the reference sedge meadow. Changes in the referencesite were relatively minor over this time interval; certain species eitherincreased or decreased in dominance, e.g., Carex strictaincreased in cover (1977 vs. 1997, 20 and 28 mean percentage (%) cover,respectively). A few short-term species of the recovery sedge meadow followedthe tenets of equilibrium theory. These became less common or disappeared4–9 years after cattle exclusion including Asterlanceolatus, Calamagrostis canadensis,Poa compressa, Solidago altissima andVerbena hastata. Some of these species were eaten andlikely spread by the cattle. This study suggests that the progression of sedgemeadow to shrub carr may not be an inevitable outcome of succession but insteadcan be a consequence of past cattle grazing history. Also, because the recoveryand the reference sedge both changed structurally over time, the tenets ofnon-equilibrium theory were supported by this study.     

Mixed respiratory viral infections during influenza A epidemics

Mixed respiratory viral infections occurring in the course of 8 influenza A epidemics in the Estonian SSR between 1969 and 1978 were investigated. A total of 1638 patients were followed up. The IF method, serological test CFR and HIR and isolation of the virus on tissue cultures and chick embryos were used. Mixed infections were found in 0-77.7% of laboratory-confirmed cases, depending on the epidemic. A combination of influenza A + parainfluenza was observed most frequently during the influenza epidemics in 1971-1977 and a combination of influenza A + influenza B during the 1977-1978 epidemic.