Hormone interactions and regulation of PsPK2::GUS compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis thaliana

The putative pea PINOID homolog, PsPK2, is expressed in all growing plant parts and is positively regulated by auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Here, we studied hormonal regulation of PsPK2::GUS expression compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis. PsPK2::GUS, DR5::GUS, and PID::GUS expression in Arabidopsis shoots is mainly localized in the stipules, hydathodes, veins, developing leaves, and cotyledons. Unlike DR5::GUS, PsPK2::GUS, and PID::GUS are weakly expressed in root tips. Both DR5::GUS and PsPK2::GUS are induced by different auxins and are more sensitive to methyl indole acetic acid, 4-chloro-indole acetic acid, and α-naphthalene acetic acid than others. GA(3) has no significant effect on GUS activity in DR5::GUS-transformed seedlings compared to the control, but induction by auxin and gibberellin in combination is synergistic. Cytokinin increases auxin transport in Arabidopsis seedlings. Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin all increase GUS activity in shoots of PsPK2::GUS transformed plants compared to the control. However, only auxin and gibberellin increase GUS activity in PID::GUS shoots. In conclusion, auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin positively regulate PsPK2 expression in shoots, but not in roots. Auxin and gibberellin also upregulate AtPIN1 and LEAFY expression, which is similar to PsPIN1 and Uni in pea. With minor exceptions, the orthologous genes from both species are regulated similarly.     

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the South American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) from the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 396 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from the city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (IFAT, approximately 1:25) to N. caninum were found in 84 opossums (D. marsupialis) in titers of 1:25 in 46, 1:50 in 20, 1:100 in 17, and 1:400 in 1. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the IFAT. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT, approximately 1:25) were found in 82 (20.4%) of the 396 opossums, in titers of 1:25 in 24, 1:50 in 26, 1:100 in 18, 1:200 in 13, and 1:800 in 1. The IFAT antibodies to T. gondii were found in 148 of 396 opossums, in titers of 1:16 in 41, 1:32 in 23, 1:64 in 13, 1:128 in 6, 1:256 in 20, 1:512 in 17, 1:1,024 in 10, 1:2,048 in 10, 1:4,096 in 7, and 1:8,192 in 1. This is the first report of N. caninum and T. gondii infections in D. marsupialis.     

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats and pigs from rural Western Amazon, Brazil

Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were assayed in sera of 63 cats and 80 pigs from 71 farms located at Rond?nia State, Western Amazon, Brazil, by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies (MAT > or = 1: 25) were found in 55 of 63 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 2, 1:100 in 7, 1:200 in 1, 1:400 in 2, 1:800 in 9, 1:1,600 in 6, and 1:3,200 or higher in 26 cats. By IFAT, antibodies were found in 55 cats (87.3%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 1, 1:100 in 4, 1:200 in 4, 1: 400 in 1, 1:800 in 13, 1:1,600 in 12, and 1:3,200 or higher in 18 cats. In pig sera, by MAT, antibodies were found in 30 of 80 pigs (37.5%) with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 3, 1:100 in 2, 1:200 in 8, 1:400 in 3, 1:800 in 5, 1:1,600 in 3, and 1:3,200 or higher in 4 pigs. By using the IFAT (titers > or = 1:64), antibodies were found in 35 (43.7%) pigs. The ingestion of undercooked tissues of infected pigs can be a source of T. gondii infection for humans and cats. However, the high seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats from the Amazon seems most likely to be indicative of high contamination of the environment by oocysts.     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Rothstein, St. I (1978): Mechanisms of avian egg-recognition: additional evidence for learned components Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Nash, L. T. (1978): The development of the mother-infant relationship in wild baboons Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Preston, J. L. (1978): Communication systems and social interactions in a goby-shrimp symbiosis Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Wodinsky, J. (1978): Feeding Behaviour of broody female Octopus vulgaris Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Ridley, M. (1978): Paternal care Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Huber, F. (1978): The insect nervous system and insect behaviour Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Sandow, J. D. , und W. J. Bailey (1978): An experimental study of defensive stridulation in Mygalopsis ferruginea Redtenbacher Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Rohwer, S. , und F. C. Rohwer (1978): Status signalling in Harris Sparrows: Experimental deceptions achieved Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Perron, F. E. (1978): Locomotion and shell-righting behaviour in adult and juvenile Aporrhais occidentalis Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Platt, St. A. (1978): A re-examination of animal tropisms Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Wells, K. D. (1978): Territoriality in the green frog Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Stallcup, J. A. , und G. E. Woolfenden (1978): Family status and contributions to breeding by Florida scrub jays Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Wood-Gush, D. G. M. , und M. J. Gentle (1978): The hyperstriatum and nesting behaviour in the domestic hen Zeitschriften/Periodicals: Andersson, M. , und Ch. G. Wiklund (1978): Clumping versus spacing out: Experiments on nest predation in fieldfares Bücher/Books: Silver, R. , and H. H. Feder, eds. (1979): Hormones and reproductive behavior Bücher/Books: Lloyd, H. G. (1980): The red fox (Der Rotfuchs) Bücher/Books: Warner, L. J. (1979): Mammal Photography and Observation. A Practical Field Guide Bücher/Books: Miller, P. J., ed. (1979): Fish Phenology. Anabolic Adaptiveness in Teleosts Bücher/Books: Kraus, O., ed. (1978): 20. Phylogenetisches Symposion: Co-Evolution Bücher/Books: Frisch, K. v. (1980): Fünf Häuser am See—Der Brunnwinkl, Werden und Wesen eines Sommersitzes     

Double bond localization in minor homoallylic fatty acid methyl esters using acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Double bond position in natural fatty acids is critical to biochemical properties, however, common instrument-based methods cannot locate double bonds in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), the predominant analysis form of fatty acids. A recently described mass spectrometry (MS) method for locating double bonds in FAME is reported here for the analysis of minor (<1%) components of real FAME mixtures derived from three natural sources; golden algae (Schizochytrium sp.), primate brain white matter, and transgenic mouse liver. Acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem MS was used to determine double bond positions in 39 FAME, most at concentrations well below 1% of all fatty acid methyl esters. FAME identified in golden algae are 14:1n-6, 14:3n-3, 16:1n-7, 16:2n-6, 16:3n-6, 16:3n-3, 16:4n-3, 18:2n-7, 18:3n-7, 18:3n-8, 18:4n-3, 18:4n-5, 20:3n-7, 20:4n-3, 20:4n-5, 20:4n-7, 20:5n-3, and 22:4n-9. Additional FAME identified in primate brain white matter are 20:1n-7, 20:1n-9, 20:2n-7, 20:2n-9, 22:1n-7, 22:1n-9, 22:1n-13, 22:2n-6, 22:2n-7, 22:2n-9, 22:3n-6, 22:3n-7, 22:3n-9, 22:4n-6, 24:1n-7, 24:1n-9, and 24:4n-6. Additional FAME identified in mouse liver are 26:5n-6, 26:6n-3, 28:5n-6, and 28:6n-3. The primate brain 22:3n-7 and algae 18:4n-5 are novel fatty acids. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for analysis of real samples. Tables are presented to aid in interpretation of acetonitrile CIMS/MS spectra.     

不同年龄大鼠不同脑髓区积聚GABA能力的比较

应用同位素示踪和神经组织离体培育的方法,揭示了不同年龄大鼠 CNS 中七个不同区域积聚 GABA 能力的差异。(1)皮层、海马、尾核、下丘脑积聚 GABA 的能力随年龄增长显著增强;而脊髓、垂体积聚 GABA 的能力随年龄增长而显著减弱。(2)年龄对小脑积聚GABA 的能力无明显影响。(3)七个区域积聚 GABA 能力的总和随年龄增长不断增强。证明CNS 中 GABA 系统功能变化与生长、发育、衰老密切相关。     

Characteristics of Synthesis of Very-Long-Chain Saturated and Tetraenoic Fatty Acids in Swine Cerebral Microsomes

The elongation of arachidoyl-CoA (20:0-CoA) yielded 22:0 and 24:0 concomitantly, whereas the elongation of behenoyl-CoA (22:0-CoA) yielded only a negligible amount of 24:0 in adult swine cerebral microsomes. The dependence on time, pH, and the substrate concentrations were examined for the synthesis of 22:0 and 24:0 from 20:0-CoA. A microcomputer-aided simulation study suggested that there were two parallel pathways in the elongation of 20:0-CoA to 22:0 and 24:0. The elongation of 22:0-CoA could not be observed in adult swine cerebral microsomes; however, it was observed clearly in newborn swine and rat brain microsomes. A dilution experiment with the addition of cold 22:0-CoA in the reaction of elongation of 20:0-CoA confirmed the above suggestion that no intermediate 22:0 appeared during the synthesis of 24:0 from 20:0-CoA. The elongation of endogenous 20:4-CoA to 22:4 and 24:4 was examined in newborn swine cerebral microsomes, and the presence of two parallel pathways in the elongation of 20:4-CoA to 22:4 and 24:4 similar to those involved in the elongation of 20:0-CoA to 22:0 and 24:0 was suggested.     

cpmA, a Gene Involved in an Output Pathway of the Cyanobacterial Circadian System

We generated random mutations in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 to look for genes of output pathways in the cyanobacterial circadian system. A derivative of transposon Tn5 was introduced into the chromosomes of reporter strains in which cyanobacterial promoters drive the Vibrio harveyi luxAB genes and produce an oscillation of bioluminescence as a function of circadian gene expression. Among low-amplitude mutants, one mutant, tnp6, had an insertion in a 780-bp open reading frame. The tnp6 mutation produced an altered circadian phasing phenotype in the expression rhythms of psbAI::luxAB, psbAII::luxAB, and kaiA::luxAB but had no or little effect on those of psbAIII::luxAB, purF::luxAB, kaiB::luxAB, rpoD2::luxAB, ndhD::luxAB, and conII::luxAB. This suggests that the interrupted gene in tnp6, named cpmA (circadian phase modifier), is part of a circadian output pathway that regulates the expression rhythms of psbAI, psbAII, and kaiA.     

Sand dwelling Turbellaria from the Netherlands Delta area

Sand dwelling Turbellaria from the Delta of the Rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt have been investigated. Thirty-eight samples taken from littoral and sublittoral stations in the Grevelingen, Eastern and Western Scheldt have been analysed.Thirty-three species were recorded (Acoela were not considered); twenty-four of them are new for the area and seven new species are described.Density and diversity of Turbellaria were higher in the Eastern Scheldt than in the Western Scheldt or in the Lake Grevelingen. A maximum density of 82 ind./100 cm³ was noted. A tentative calculation on relative abundance of the representatives of the different Turbellaria orders is established. Proseriata seem to be dominant in the localities studied.Abbreviations acg : accessory glands - aco : accessory organ - ad : atrial diverticle - b : bursa - br : brain - cil : cilia - cm : circular muscle - cn : cnidosac - co : copulatory organ - cs : cuticular spines - css : cuticular stylet sheat - de : ejaculatory duct - di : ductus intervesicularis - ds : seminal duct - dsp : spermatic duct - en : enteron - fd : female duct - fp : femal pore - ga : genital atrium - gf : glands in female duct - gg : glands - gp : genital pore - hp : adhesive papillae - ivs : intra capsular seminal vesicle - lm : longitudinal muscle - m : mouth - mp : male pore - ov : ovary - p : proboscis - pg : proboscisglands - ph : pharynx - phg : pharyngial glands - r : retractor muscle - rh : rhabdites - rhg : rhabdite glands - rs : seminal receptacle - s : stylet - sta : statocyst - ut : uterus - t : testis - v : vagina - vg : prostate vesicle - vi : vitellary - vs : seminal vesicle     

Increased palmitoyl-myristoyl-phosphatidylcholine in neonatal rat surfactant is lung specific and correlates with oral myristic acid supply

Surfactant predominantly comprises phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, together with phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, neutral lipids, and surfactant proteins-A to -D. Together, dipalmitoyl-PC (PC16:0/16:0), palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC (PC16:0/14:0), and palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC (PC16:0/16:1) make up 75-80% of mammalian surfactant PC, the proportions of which vary during development and in chronic lung diseases. PC16:0/14:0, which exerts specific effects on macrophage differentiation in vitro, increases in surfactant during alveolarization (at the expense of PC16:0/16:0), a prenatal event in humans but postnatal in rats. The mechanisms responsible and the significance of this reversible increase are, however, not understood. We hypothesized that, in rats, myristic acid (C14:0) enriched milk is key to lung-specific PC16:0/14:0 increases in surfactant. We found that surfactant PC16:0/14:0 in suckling rats correlates with C14:0 concentration in plasma chylomicrons and lung tissue triglycerides, and that PC16:0/14:0 fractions reflect exogenous C14:0 supply. Significantly, C14:0 was increased neither in plasma PC, nor in liver triglycerides, free fatty acids, or PC. Lauric acid was also abundant in triglycerides, but was not incorporated into surfactant PC. Comparing a C14:0-rich milk diet with a C14:0-poor carbohydrate diet revealed increased C14:0 and decreased C16:0 in plasma and lung triglycerides, respectively. PC16:0/14:0 enrichment at the expense of PC16:0/16:0 did not impair surfactant surface tension function. However, the PC profile of the alveolar macrophages from the milk-fed animals changed from PC16:0/16:0 rich to PC16:0/14:0 rich. This was accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species production. We propose that nutritional supply with C14:0 and its lung-specific enrichment may contribute to decreased reactive oxygen species production during alveolarization.     

Protein mass in human cardiomyocytes does not correspond to gene content

Lack of proportionality between DNA and protein content has been revealed in the human cardiac myocytes. The proportion 2:4:8:16 was observed in DNA of di-, tetra-, octa- and hexadeca myocytes while the protein content of the same cells was 2:3.5:5.2:7.2 in the inner layer, 2:3.5:6.5:8.9 in the central layer and 2:3.1:5.6:9.1 in the outer layer of the normal left ventricle. The protein content of myocytes of the same ploidy was higher in the inner layer than in other ones.     

HLA genetic profile of Mapuche (Araucanian) Amerindians from Chile

Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn.     

Bio-samtools: Ruby bindings for SAMtools, a library for accessing BAM files containing high-throughput sequence alignments

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The SAMtools utilities comprise a very useful and widely used suite of software for manipulating files and alignments in the SAM and BAM format, used in a wide range of genetic analyses. The SAMtools utilities are implemented in C and provide an API for programmatic access, to help make this functionality available to programmers wishing to develop in the high level Ruby language we have developed bio-samtools, a Ruby binding to the SAMtools library. RESULTS: The utility of SAMtools is encapsulated in 3 main classes, Bio::DB::Sam, representing the alignment files and providing access to the data in them, Bio::DB::Alignment, representing the individual read alignments inside the files and Bio::DB::Pileup, representing the summarised nucleotides of reads over a single point in the nucleotide sequence to which the reads are aligned. CONCLUSIONS: bio-samtools is a flexible and easy to use interface that programmers of many levels of experience can use to access the information in the popular and common SAM/BAM format.     

A phylogenetic analysis of Prunus and the Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

The economically important plum or cherry genus (PRUNUS:) and the subfamily Amygdaloideae of the Rosaceae have a controversial taxonomic history due to the lack of a phylogenetic framework. Phylogenetic analysis using the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was conducted to construct the evolutionary history and evaluate the historical classifications of PRUNUS: and the Amygdaloideae. The analyses suggest two major groups within the Amygdaloideae: (1) PRUNUS: s.l. (sensu lato) and MADDENIA:, and (2) EXOCHORDA:, Oemleria, and PRINSEPIA: The ITS phylogeny supports the recent treatment of including EXOCHORDA: (formerly in the Spiraeoideae) in the Amygdaloideae. MADDENIA: is found to be nested within PRUNUS: s.l. in the parsimony and distance analyses, but basal to PRUNUS: s.l. in the maximum likelihood analysis. Within PRUNUS:, two major groups are recognizable: (1) the AMYGDALUS:-PRUNUS: group, and (2) the CERASUS:-LAUROCERASUS:-PADUS: group. The clades in the ITS phylogeny are not congruent with most subgeneric groups in the widely used classification of PRUNUS: by Rehder. A broadly defined PRUNUS: is supported.     

Xyloglucan structure and post-germinative metabolism in seeds of Copaifera langsdorfii from savanna and forest populations

The cotyledons of Copaifera langsdorfii Desf, have been shown to contain a water-soluble xyloglucan (amyloid), which represents about 40% of the seed's dry weight. On acid hydrolysis its composition (Glc:Xyl:Gal = 4.0:2.8–2.9:1.5–1.7) was similar to that of the well-characterized xyloglucan of Tamarindus indica L. (Glc:Xyl:Gal = 4.0:3.0–3.1:1.4). On hydrolysis with pure Trichoderma viride cellulase, both C. langsdorfii and T. indica xyloglucan gave the same xyloglucan oligosaccharides: but in significantly different proportions A:B₁:B₂:C = 1:0.4–0.5:2.1–2.2:3.1–3.4 in T. indica , and 1:1.1:1.8:7.4 and 1:1.3:2.6:12 for C. langsdorfii , savanna and forest populations respectively. This demonstrated a difference in fine molecular structure, notably in the distribution of the terminal non-reducing galactose substituents, between the xyloglucans of the two species and indicated differences in the specificities of their biosynthetic mechanisms. The xyloglucans obtained from C. langsdorfii seeds harvested from savanna and forest environments were slightly different, one from the other, in their sugar-residue composition (Glc:Xyl:Gal = 4.0:2.9:1.5 and 4.0:2.8:1.7, respectively), and were significantly different in the relative proportions of the xyloglucan oligosaccharides released on cellulase hydrolysis (above). Using light microscopy and biochemical methods, no difference in the pattern or rate of postgerminative xyloglucan metabolism was detected in seeds of savanna and forest origin. This is the first clear experimental evidence for differences in a storage xyloglucan structure between populations of the same species. It may indicate environmental influences on xyloglucan biosynthesis.     

Linolenic acid desaturation and chain elongation and rapid turnover of phospholipid n - 3 fatty acids in isolated rat liver cells

The desaturation and chain elongation of [1-14C]linolenic acid was studied in isolated liver cells from rats fed a diet deficient in essential fatty acids. 14C-labelled 18:4, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6, all n - 3 fatty acids, were formed. In the presence of lactate relatively large amounts of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 were formed. 20:5 was mainly present in phospholipids, 22:5 and 22:6 were present in both phospholipids and triacylglycerols. (+)-Decanoylcarnitine and (-)-hydroxycitrate decreased the formation of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 and increased the recovery of 18:4. The unchanged 18:3 substrate was also initially rapidly incorporated both in the phospholipids and in the triacylglycerol fraction. During long incubation periods, continued after nearly all the [14C]linolenic acid substrate had been metabolized either by esterification or by oxidation, the phospholipid content of labelled 18:3 and 18:4 decreased while the content of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 increased markedly, suggesting a remodeling of the phospholipid n - 3 fatty acid content by a series of deacylations-reacylations. The n - 3 fatty acid pattern in the triacylglycerol fraction changed little. 22:5 and 22:6 appeared in the VLDL fraction secreted by the isolated liver cells.     

Composition and localization of lipids in Penaeus merguiensis ovaries during the ovarian maturation cycle as revealed by imaging mass spectrometry

Ovary maturation, oocyte differentiation, and embryonic development in shrimp are highly dependent on nutritional lipids taken up by female broodstocks. These lipids are important as energy sources as well as for cell signaling. In this study, we report on the compositions of major lipids, i.e. phosphatidylcholines (PCs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), and fatty acids (FAs), in the ovaries of the banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis, during ovarian maturation. Thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that the total PC and TAG signal intensities increased during ovarian maturation. Further, by using gas chromatography, we found that (1) FAs 14:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, and 22:6 proportionally increased as ovarian development progressed to more mature stages; (2) FAs 16:0, 18:0, 20:4, and 20:5 proportionally decreased; and (3) FAs 15:0, 17:0, and 20:2 remained unchanged. By using imaging mass spectrometry, we found that PC 16:0/16:1 and TAG 18:1/18:2/22:6 were detected in oocytes stages 1 and 2. PCs 16:1/20:4, 16:0/22:6, 18:3/22:6, 18:1/22:6, 20:5/22:6, and 22:6/22:6 and TAGs 16:0/16:1/18:3, 16:0/18:1/18:3, 16:0/18:1/18:1, and 16:0/18:2/22:6 were present in all stages of oocytes. In contrast, the PC- and TAG-associated FAs 20:4, 20:5, and 22:6 showed high signal intensities in stage 3 and 4 oocytes. These FAs may act as nutrition sources as well as signaling molecules for developing embryos and the hatching process. Knowledge of lipid compositions and localization could be helpful for formulating the diet for female broodstocks to promote fecundity and larval production.     

Substrate preference in phosphatidylserine biosynthesis for docosahexaenoic acid containing species

Neuronal membranes contain high levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). In this study, substrate preference in PS synthesis was determined to gain insight on the biochemical basis for concentrating PS in neuronal membranes where 22:6n-3 is highly enriched. We first established an in vitro assay method using unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of deuterium-labeled substrates and reversed-phase HPLC/electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. The PS production by the incubation of deuterium-labeled substrate and microsomal fractions was monitored. We found that tissue-specific substrate preference exists in PS synthesis. Microsomes from the cerebral cortex synthesized PS from 18:0,22:6-PC most favorably among the PC substrates tested, followed by 18:0,22:5-PC, resulting in the PC substrate preference in the order of 18:0,22:6 > 18:0,22:5 > 18:0,20:4 = 18:0,18:1. Liver microsomes also preferred 18:0,22:6-PC as the substrate in PS synthesis but did not use 18:0,22:5-PC favorably. The 18:0,22:5-PC species was converted to PS at the similar extent as 18:0,20:4- or 18:0,18:1-PC species in the liver. Both brain and liver microsomes showed a preference for 18:0 over 16:0 as the sn-1 fatty acid. From these data it was deduced that preferential conversion of 18:0,22:6-PC to the corresponding PS species is at least partly responsible for concentrating PS in neuronal tissues where 22:6n-3 is particularly abundant. The distinctive preference for 18:0,22:5-PS observed with brain microsomes may help to maintain PS at a high level in the brain when 22:6n-3 is replaced by 22:5n-3 as in the case of n-3 fatty acid deficiency.     

The influence of N-glycosylation and C-terminal sequence on secretion of HBV large surface antigen from S. cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we synthesized and secreted L-HBVsAg (named as pre-S(Met1 to Asn174)::S(Met175 to Ile400)) and three mutants, i.e., pre-S degree degree::S (Asn15Gln and Asn123Gln), pre-S degree degree::S degree (Asn15Gln, Asn123Gln, and Asn320Gln), and pre-S degree degree::S degree degree (Asn15Gln, Asn123Gln, Asn233Gln, and Asn320Gln). All of the secreted pre-S::S was N-glycosylated, i.e., hyper-mannosylated. In the secretion of pre-S degree degree::S and pre-S degree degree::S degree, besides the hyper-mannosylated form, another immunoreactive protein with much lower molecular mass was observed, which seems to be unglycosylated form of pre-S degree degree::S and pre-S degree degree::S degree. Only a part of the secreted pre-S degree degree::S or pre-S degree degree::S degree molecules was N-glycosylated, and the site for the partial N-glycosylation seems to be Asn233 in S-antigen region. Compared to the N-glycosylated pre-S degree degree::S and pre-S degree degree::S degree, pre-S degree degree::S degree degree (non-N-glycosylated mutant) was secreted with lower secretion efficiency but showed apparent immunoreactivity to anti-S antigen monoclonal Ab. Interestingly, unlike pre-S degree degree::S degree degree with authentic C-terminus, the recombinant pre-S degree degree::S degree degree with C-terminal myc or poly-histidine tag (pre-S degree degree::S degree degree::tag) was almost all aggregated into insoluble proteins in the intracellular region. Conclusively, the C-terminal sequence and glycosylation in S-antigen region seem to be of crucial importance in determining the secretion efficiency of L-HBVsAg in S. cerevisiae.     

RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS: Anderson , A. H. & Anderson , A. 1973. The Cactus Wren. BOOKS: Bellrose , C. 1976. Ducks, geese and swans of North America. BOOKS: Johnsgard , P. A. 1975. Waterfowl of North America. BOOKS: Palmer , R. S. (ed.) 1976. Handbook of North American birds. Vols. 2 and 3 (Waterfowl). BOOKS: Burton , J. A. (ed.) 1973. Owls of the world, their evolution, structure and ecology. BOOKS: Castillo , R. C., Jimenez , F. L. & Fernandez , C. M. 1974. Guia del Parque Nacional de las Tablas de Daimiel. BOOKS: Coronado , R., del Portillo , F. & Saez -Royuela , R. 1973. Guia de las Anatidas en España. BOOKS: Fernandez , J. A. 1974. Guia del Parque Nacional de Doñana. BOOKS: King , A. S. & Mc Lelland , J. 1975. Outlines of avian anatomy. BOOKS: Kumari , E. 1975. (Bird migration.) BOOKS: Olendorff , R. R. 1975. Golden Eagle country. BOOKS: Peaker , M. (ed.) 1975. Avian physiology. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London No. BOOKS: Smithe , F. B. 1974. Naturalist's color guide and supplement. BOOKS: Svensson , L. 1975. Identification guide to European passerines. BOOKS: Webster , M. A. 1975. An annotated check list of the birds of Hong Kong. BOOKS: Wright , P., Caryl , P. G. & Vowles , D. M. (eds.) 1975. Neural and endocrine aspects of behaviour in birds. BOOKS: Anon . 1976. [Our country's birds and animals.] BOOKS: Brown , P. E. 1976 (1964). Birds of prey. BOOKS: Kumari , E. (ed.) 1975. [Nature in Estonia—Conservation of species.] BOOKS: Massey , M. E. 1976. Birds of Breconshire. A review of status and distibution. Nowak , E. 1975 (1971). The range expansion of animals and its causes. BOOKS: Seebohm , H. 1976 (1901). Birds of Siberia. Wilson , A. 1975. American bird engravings. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: SOUND RECORDINGS: Nicholsky , I. D. 1975. [Catalogue of recordings of animal voices in the Central Phonotek of Animal Voice.] RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Ainley , D. G., Morrell , S. & Lewis , T. J. 1974. Patterns in the life histories of storm petrels on the Farallon Islands. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Bengtson , S.-A. & Fjellberg , A. 1975. Summer food of the Purple Sandpiper (Calidris maritima) in Spitsbergen. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Bourne , G. R. 1974. The Red-billed Toucan in Guyana. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Brun , E. 1974. Breeding success of Gannets Sula bassana at Nordmjele RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Conroy , J. W. H., White , M. G., Furse , J. R. & Bruce , G. 1975. Observations on the breeding biology of the Chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarctica at Elephant Island RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Davis , J. W. F. 1976. Breeding success and experience in the Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: De Naurois , R. 1975. The Grey Heron of the Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania) Ardea cinerea monicae. Bull. Br. Ornithol. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Evans , M. E. 1975. Breeding behaviour of captive Bewick's Swans. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Gaston , A. J. 1976. Brood parasitism by the Pied Crested Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Jensen , R. A. C. & Cunning , C. F. 1974. Breeding biology of two cuckoos and their hosts in South West Africa. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Källander , H. 1976. (Data on the breeding biology of the Blue Tit Parus caeruleus and the Marsh Tit P. palustris in southwest Scania.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Kear , J. 1975. Salvadori's Duck of New Guinea. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Mc Farlane , R. W. 1975. Notes on the Giant Coot (Fulica gigantea). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Nilsson , S. G. 1975. (Clutch size and breeding success of birds in nest boxes and natural cavities.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Parmelee , D. F. & Maxson , S. J. 1974. The Antarctic Terns of Anvers Island. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Sealy , S. G. 1975. Aspects of the breeding biology of the Marbled Murrelet in British Columbia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: GENERAL BIOLOGY OF SPECIES: Snow , B. K. 1974. The Plumbeous Heron of the Galapagos. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Allison , A., Newton , I. & Campbell , C. 1974. Loch Leven National Nature Reserve, a study of waterfowl biology. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Andersson , M. 1976. Population ecology of the Long-tailed Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus Vieill.). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Barclay , H. J. & Bergerud , A. T. 1975. Demography and behavioural ecology of the California Quail on Vancouver Island. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Barrat , A. et al. 1974. Recherches Ecologiques et Physiologiques sur la Faune des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Björkman , G. 1975. (The Bearded Tit in Lake Tåkern.) Vår Fågelvärld RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Bruning , D. F. 1974. Social structure and reproductive behaviour in the Greater Rhea. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Cadbury , C. J. 1975. Populations of swans at the Ouse Washes RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Chabrzyk , G. & Coulson , J. C. 1976. Survival and recruitment in the Herring Gull Larus argentatus. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Coulson , J. C. & Wooller , R. D. 1976. Differential survival rates among breeding Kittiwake Gulls Rissa tridactyla (L.). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Davies , N. B. 1976. Food, flocking and territorial behaviour of the Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba yarrellii Gould) in winter. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Davies , S. J. J. F. 1973. Land use by Emus and other wildlife species in the arid shrublands of Western Australia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Ekstam , U. 1975. (Changes of the avifauna and the nature and environment of Lake Tåkern in 1850–1974.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Ferns , P. N. & Green , G. H. 1975. Observations of Pink-footed and Barnacle Geese in the Kong Oscar Fjord region of north-east Greenland RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Flack , J. A. D. 1976. Bird populations of aspen forests in western North America. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Foster , M. S. 1975. The overlap of molting and breeding in some tropical birds. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Gjøsaeter , J. & Saetre , R. 1974. Predation of eggs of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) by diving ducks. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Harris , M. P. 1976. The seabirds of Shetland in 1974. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Jacobsson , L. 1975. (The grebes in Lake Tåkern.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Johannesson , H. 1975. (Activities of breeding Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Kerbes , R. H. 1975. Lesser Snow Geese in the Canadian Arctic. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Lill , A. 1974. The evolution of clutch size and male ‘chauvinism’ in the White-bearded Manakin. Lill , A. 1974. Social organization and space utilization in the lek-forming White-bearded Manakin, M. manacus trinitatis (Hartert). Z. Tierpsychol. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Lovejoy , T. E. 1974. Bird diversity and abundance in Amazon forest communities. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Moss , R. & Miller , G. R. 1976. Production, dieback and grazing of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in relation to numbers of Red Grouse (Lagopus l. scoticus) and Mountain Hares (Lepus timidus) in north-east Scotland. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Newton , I. & Campbell , C. R. G. 1975. Breeding of ducks at Loch Leven RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Nilsson , L. 1976. (Seasonal fluctuations of Anatidae in south Sweden during the non-breeding season.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Norton , D. W., Ailes , I. W. & Curatolo , J. A. 1975. Ecological relationships of the inland tundra avifauna near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Ogilvie , M. A. & Boyd , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Oniki , Y. 1972. Studies of the guild of ant-following birds at Belém, Brazil. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Persson , T. 1975. (Marsh Harrier and Bittern in Lake Tåkern in 1972–1974.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Pienkowski , M. W. (ed.) 1975. Studies on coastal birds and wetlands in Morocco RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Ryder , J. P. 1975. The significance of territory size in colonial nesting geese—a hypothesis. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Slud , P. 1976. Geographic and climatic relationships of avifaunas with special reference to comparative distribution in the neotropics. Smithson. Contr. Zool. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Solomon , M. E., Glen , D. M., Kendall , D. A. & Milsom , N. F. 1976. Predation of overwintering larvae of Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)) by birds. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Stepney , P. H. R. 1975. Wintering distribution of Brewer's Blackbird: Historical aspect, recent changes, and fluctuations. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Svensson , S. 1976. (The distribution and abundance of the Heron Ardea cinerea in Sweden in 1972.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Weiner , J. & Glowacińlski , Z. 1975. Energy flow through a bird community in a deciduous forest in southern Poland. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Wolf , L. L., Stiles , F. G. & Hainsworth , F. R. 1976. Ecological organization of a tropical, highland hummingbird community. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: ECOLOGY AND POPULATIONS: Wormell , P. 1976. The Manx Shearwaters of Rhum. Scott. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Ahlén , I. & Andersson , Å. 1976. (Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus and White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos in Sweden in 1973.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Anderson , D. W. et al. 1975. Brown Pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Bergengren , G. & Elderud , C. 1975. (Lake Tåkern Ecological Station—a presentation.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Besser , J. F., De Grazio , J. W. & Guarino , J. L. 1973. Decline of a blackbird population during seven years of baiting with a chemical frightening agent. Proc. 6 Bird Control Seminar, Bowling Green State Univ. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Blus , L. J., Joanen , T., Belisle , A. A. & Prouty , R. M. 1975. The Brown Pelican and certain environmental pollutants in Louisiana. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Hunt , F. R. 1975. Automatic radar equipment to determine bird strike probability. Part I. Night-time passerine migration. Natl. Res. Counc. Canada. Associate Committee on Bird Hazards to Aircraft. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Jeffries , D. J. & Parslow , J. L. F. 1976. Thyroid changes in PCB-dosed Guillemots and their indication of one of the mechanisms of action of these materials. Environ. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Ludke , J. L., Hill , E. F. & Dieter , M. P. 1975. Cholinesterase (ChE) response and related mortality among birds fed ChE inhibitors. Arch. Environ. Contam. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Lumsden , H. G. 1975. The Whistling Swan in James Bay and the southern region of Hudson Bay. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Mott , D. F. 1973. Monk Parakeet damage to crops in Uruguay and its control. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Peakall , D. B., Miller , D. S. & Kinter , W. B. 1975. Blood calcium levels and the mechanism of DDE-induced eggshell thinning. Environ. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Pounder , B. 1966. Waterfowl at effluent discharges in Scottish coastal waters. Scott. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Stone , C. P. 1973. Bird damage to agricultural crops in the United States—a current summary. Proc. 6 Bird Control Seminar, Bowling Green State Univ. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Sugden , L. G. 1976. Waterfowl damage to Canadian grain. C.W.S. Occas. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Wace , N. M. & Holdgate , M. W. 1976. Man and nature in the Tristan da Cunha Islands. IUCN Monogr. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: POLLUTION AND CONSERVATION: Fimreite , N., Brun , E., Frøslie , A., Frederichsen , P. & Gundesen , N. 1974. Mercury in eggs of Norwegian seabirds. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Abbott , I., Abbott , L. K. & Grant , P. R. 1975. Seed selection and handling ability of four species of Darwin's Finches. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Balthazart , J. & Stevens , M. 1975. Effects of testosterone proprionate on the social behaviour of male domestic ducklings, Anas platyrhynchos L. Anim. Behav. Bateson , P. P. G. & Jaeckel , J. B. 1976. Chicks' preferences for familiar and novel conspicuous objects after different periods of exposure. Anim. Behav. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Caryl , P. 1976. Sexual behaviour in the Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia guttata: response to familiar and novel partners. Clayton , D. 1976. The effects of pre-test conditions on the social facilitation of drinking in ducks. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Schuler , W. 1974. (The influence of the resemblance between mimic and model and of alternate prey upon the effectiveness of artificial Batesian mimicry.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Coelho , A. G. M. 1975. [Anting by Zonotrichia capensis matutina in north-east Brazil.] Notulae Biologicae RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Davies , N. B. & Green , R. E. 1976. The development and ecological significance of feeding tech niques in the Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Desforges , M. F. & Wood -Gush , D. G. M. 1976. Behavioural comparison of Aylesbury and Mallard ducks: sexual behaviour. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Erkinardo , E. 1973. Seasonal variation of the dimensions of pellets in Tengmalm's Owl, Aegolius funereus, and the Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus. Aquilo Ser. Zool. 14: 84–88. Structure of the diel activity period in Tengmalm's Owl, Aegolius funereus, and the Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus, and its seasonal changes. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Feare , C. J. 1975. Post-fledging parental care in Crested and Sooty Terns. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Gilbertson , D. W. 1975. Courtship as a reinforcement for key pecking in the pigeon, Columba livia. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Harvey , W. G. 1975. The habitat preferences of different colour morphs of Egretta garzetta on the Tanzanian coast. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Kevan , P. G. 1976. Sir Thomas More on imprinting: observations from the sixteenth century. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Kruuk , H. 1976. The biological function of gulls' attraction towards predators. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Lill , A. 1974. Sexual behavior of the lek-forming White-bearded Manakin (Manacus manacus trinitatis Hartert). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Moore , C. L. 1976. The transition from sitting on eggs to sitting on young in Ring Doves Streptopelia risoria: squab-egg preferences during the normal cycle. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Partridge , L. 1976. Individual differences in feeding efficiencies and feeding preferences of captive Great Tits. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Scaife , M. 1976. The response to eye-like shapes by birds, I. The effect of context: a predator and a strange bird. Anim. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Scaife , M. 1976. The response to eye-like shapes by birds, II. The importance of staring, pairedness and shape. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Spurr , E. B. 1975. Behaviour of the Adélie Penguin chick. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Studer -Thiersch , A. 1974. (The courtship of the flamingo genus Phoenicopterus, especially of Ph. ruber roseus.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Swingland , I. R. 1976. The influence of light intensity on the roosting times of the Rook (Corvus frugilegus). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: White , S. J. 1975. Effects of stimuli emanating from the nest on the reproductive cycle in the Ring Dove. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Windsor , D. & Emlen , S. T. 1975. Predator-prey interactions of adult and prefledgling Bank Swallows and American Kestrels. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: BEHAVIOUR: Woolfenden , G. E., White , S. C., Mumme , R. L. & Robertson , W. B. 1976. Aggression among starving Cattle Egrets. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Baptista , L. F. & Wells , H. 1975. Additional evidence of song-misprinting in the White-crowned Sparrow. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Jenni , D. A., Gambs , R. D. & Betts , B. J. 1974. Acoustic behavior of the Northern Jacana. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Kroodsma , D. E. 1975. Song patterning in the Rock Wren. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Platz , F. 1974. (On the ontogeny of social behaviour patterns and the development of calls in the Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina Pallas), with a contribution to the anatomy of the vocal apparatus.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Stevenson -Hinde , J. & Roper , R. 1975. Individual differences in reinforcing effects of song. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Wickler , W. 1974. Influence between partners in duetting Robin Chats, Cossypha heuglini Hartlaub. (Aves, Turdidae). RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Coulter , M. C. 1975. Post-breeding movements and mortality in the Western Gull (Larus occidentalism. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Griffin , D. R. 1976. The audibility of frog choruses to migrating birds. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: VOCALIZATIONS: Minton , C. D. T. 1975. The waders of the Wash—ringing and biometric studies. Wash Wader Ringing Group cyclostyled report as part of the Wash Feasibility Study. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMING: Myrberget , S. 1975. Age distribution, mortality and migration of Willow Grouse Lagopus lagopus, on Senja, north Norway. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MIGRATION AND HOMING: Staav , R. 1975. (Migration of Nordic Bluethroats Luscinia s. svecica.) RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Anderson , A. 1975. A method of sexing Moorhens. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: O'Connor , R. J. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Oniki , Y. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Parkes , K. C. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS: Schreiber , R. W. 1976. Growth and development of nestling Brown Pelicans. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: PARASITOLOGY: Keymer , I. F. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC: Middlemiss , E. & Langley , H. RECENT ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS: PERIODICAL LITERATURE: TAXONOMIC AND FAUNISTIC: Storr , G. M., Johnstone , R. E., Dell , J. & Smith , L. A.