浅谈菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂的选择性吸附

通过制备的方法获得菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂,本文系统的分析和探讨了针对模板金属离子菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂的吸附选择性。通过实验研究证明,菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂如果是以Ni2+为模板制备的,相对于非印迹吸附剂来讲,其对Cr3+、Cu2+、Ni2+的吸附容量以及吸附速率的提高幅度都是非常大的。而菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂相对于具有Ni2+金属离子混合溶液来讲,其对Ni2+的选择性以及吸附容量要比含有诸如Cu2+以及Cr3+的金属离子提高的都要明显很多;印迹吸附剂相对于非印迹吸附剂来讲,其在吸附非模板金属离子Cu2+以及Cr3+时具有明显降低的选择性。     

预处理方式对微紫青霉菌吸附Cu2+的影响及其吸附机理

为有效提高青霉菌(Penicillium)对含Cu2+的水溶液中的Cu2+的吸附能力并了解其吸附机制, 研究了8种不同预处理方式对微紫青霉菌(Penicillium janthinellum)菌株GXCR的Cu2+吸附的影响。结果表明, 匀浆化、匀浆+碱化(NaOH) (简称匀浆碱化)、高温(80oC)、匀浆+盐化(NaCl)、匀浆+洗涤剂和匀浆+极化(二甲基亚砜)可显著提高菌体的吸附率, 但是匀浆化+酸化处理会导致菌体的Cu2+吸附能力显著下降。与早期其他研究相比, 本研究发现匀浆化碱化(NaOH)相结合的方式能够显著提高菌体的吸附能力。其中匀浆碱化(NaOH, 0.5 mol/L)处理后菌体的Cu2+的吸附率增加了47.95%; 匀浆碱化菌体吸附符合典型的Langmuir方程, 表明该菌对吸附Cu2+的吸附可能是以表面吸附为主。吸附-解吸循环4次后, 碱化菌体的Cu2+的吸附率仍可达到70.82%。红外光谱分析表明碱化处理主要影响菌体表面分子的-OH、C=O和COOH基团中的C=O, 其中与Cu2+结合的主要基团是-OH。GXCR的对Cu2+的吸附可能是主要基于Cu2+与菌体-OH基团结合的化学吸附为主。     

酵母菌Y17吸附Cu2+的影响因素及吸附机理研究

以高效吸附Cu2+的酵母菌Y17为材料, 对其吸附Cu2+过程中的主要影响因素, 包括溶液pH、Cu2+初始浓度、菌体添加量、吸附时间和温度以及吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明, 对吸附过程影响较大的因素依次为吸附液pH值、Cu2+初始浓度、菌体添加量和吸附时间。正交试验得到最佳吸附条件为溶液pH5.0, 吸附时间40 min, 加菌量5.0 g湿菌/L时, 对初始浓度为8 mmol/L的Cu2+达到最佳吸附率为82.7%。通过对Y17菌体不同处理及解吸实验, 初步确定Y17吸附Cu2+的位点在细胞壁, 细胞壁表面的-NH2, -COOH基团在其吸附过程中起着重要作用。     

盐土粘细菌UNST03的生物学特性及抗菌活性物质

研究盐土粘细菌NUST03菌株的形态和生理生化特征并检测其抗菌活性。菌株的营养体细胞细长杆状,在Ht平板上,作滑行运动。培养72h后聚集成子实体,粘孢子球形。该菌株能在含5％NaCl的培养液中生长,水解淀粉。初步认为此菌株为粘球菌属的一个种（Myxococcus sp.NUSTO3）。实验表明,NUSTO3菌株在含有3％的可溶性淀粉,0．1％H2PO4、0．01％CaCl2、0．93％MgSO4、0．001％FeSO4、0．25％NaNO3、pH7．2的培养上,摇床（28℃,220r／min）培养72h,其胞内物质的甲醇抽提物对黑曲霉有抑制作用。通过硅胶柱层析纯化,得到抑制黑曲霉生长的单一组分。     

龙须菜几株附生细菌对铜离子吸附性能的比较

重金属污染和富营养化是沿岸海域的主要污染形式, 造成沿海生态功能的退化。在重金属污染区域往往伴随着富营养化现象。本文对分离来自电镀废水中铜污染海域内的龙须菜体表的附生微生物对Cu2+的生物吸附进行试验, 分析和比较这些微生物对Cu2+的生物吸收性能。共分离到6株优势附生细菌：人苍白杆菌GF-S1、杀鲑气单胞菌GF-S2、莱拉微球菌GF-S3、纹带棒杆菌GF-S4、假交替单胞菌GF-S5和弗氏弧菌GF-S6。经对Cu2+的生物吸附试验发现, GF-S2效果最好, GF-S6最差, 其余间于这两者之间。对GF-S2、GF-S4和GF-S6进行了最佳吸附时间和pH筛选, 以及使用不同化学试剂对细菌Cu2+吸附的影响试验。结果显示：最佳吸附时间在40 min~60 min, pH介于4~5对GF-S2、GF-S4吸附Cu2+的效果较好; HCl处理导致GF-S2丧失吸附能力, NaOH和乙醇能提高其吸附性能; 3种试剂都能较大地提高GF-S4和GF-S6的吸附性能, 尤其对GF-S4经处理后, 对环境中的Cu2+的去除率得以大幅度提高, 去除较彻底。     

解脂假丝酵母对重金属工业废水的吸附特性

利用解脂假丝酵母对Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)共存的模拟重金属废水及3种实际重金属废水进行了微生物吸附,结果表明,pH、吸附时间和菌浓度等均是显著的影响因素.Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)的去除均符合准一级和准二级动力学模型,其中准二级模型的拟合效果最理想,证明该菌种对重金属的吸附包括了多个步骤,其中化学吸附是限速步骤.解脂假丝酵母对共存重金属的生物吸附效果理想,1g·L^-1菌体在120min时,对18.7～37.86mg·L^-1Cr、2.39～9.21mg·L^-1Cu、2.27～9.87mg·L^-1Ni和0.43～1.32mg·L^-1Zn的去除率分别为81.6%～84.6%、84.0%～100%、84.1%～100%和93.9%～100%.菌体的蛋白质、脂质和多糖均参与了重金属吸附,起作用的主要功能团是-OH、-NH₂、-CH₂、-CH₃、-COOH、-CHO、C=C、-PO₄^3-和-SO₃H.     

青霉菌Penicillium janthinellum 菌株 GXCR的高抗重金属盐及其对Cu2+和 Zn2+离子吸收的特性

从广西某矿区污泥中分离了一株高抗Cu2 的真菌,编号为GXCR,根据形态和5.8SrRNA基因的内转录间隔子区的DNA序列同源性将其鉴定为Penicilliumjanthinellum。GXCR能够耐200mmolL–1的Cu2 ,在5mmolL–1Mn2 存在下,可在含800mmolL–1Cu2 的PDA上生长。在PDA培养基上,限制GXCR生长的其它金属盐的最小浓度(mmolL–1)依次为:Zn2 ,>1200;Al3 ,>500;Na ,>250;Mn2 ,>200;Cd2 ,50;Cr3 ,>60;Cr6 ,>3;Ni2 ,20;Pb2 ,50。对Cu2 、Cr6 、Pb2 和Zn2 ,的抗性是pH依赖性的,在pH3~7,随着pH的升高,其抗性急剧下降。在含3种金属盐混合物的PDL(未添加琼脂的PDA)中的GXCR生长的正交实验结果表明:金属盐之间存在显著的毒性协同效应;毒性协同效应强度不仅与盐的种类也与组成盐之间的浓度相关;GXCR有较高的抗3种金属盐混合物的能力。原子吸收测定结果表明:在含20mmolL–1Cu2 去离子水溶液中,未经NaOH预处理的自然菌体的Cu2 吸收量为38.1mgg-1干菌体,经200mmolL–1NaOH预处理的菌体的吸收量为76.9mgg-1干菌体;在含1200mmolL–1Zn2 的PDL(未加琼脂的PDA)中,接种分生孢子并连续培养7d后,菌体的Zn2 吸收量为258.3mgg-1干菌体。     

重金属胁迫对Pseudomonas alcaligenes LH7抗生素抗性的影响

从广州某养猪场废水处理系统中筛选出1株优势菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes LH7。为了研究重金属胁迫对细菌抗生素抗性响应的影响,采用琼脂稀释法和K-B纸片扩散法,测定了重金属(Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr6+)的最小抑制浓度(MIC),及不同重金属种类和浓度胁迫下,四种抗生素(红霉素、阿莫西林、头孢拉定、四环素)的抑菌圈直径。结果表明:菌体对Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr6+的MIC分别为125、125、100 mg/L,并且具有四环素、阿莫西林、红霉素和头孢拉定多重抗性。重金属与抗生素之间的交互作用对细菌的抗性有显著影响(P0.05)。重金属和抗生素间的交互作用随重金属种类和浓度的不同而改变,可分为三类:低浓度重金属与抗生素共存时表现为协同抗性,高浓度时则表现为协同杀菌,如Cr6+或Zn2+与红霉素,Cu2+与头孢拉定;低浓度重金属与抗生素共存时表现为协同杀菌,高浓度时则表现为协同抗性,如Cr6+或Zn2+与阿莫西林;只与共存重金属种类相关的抗性组合有Cu2+与四环素或阿莫西林或红霉素,Cr6+与头孢拉定。环境中重金属离子的共存将改变抗生素污染物的生态危害和环境行为,并最终影响对应的污染防治技术的开发和应用。     

青霉吸附水体重金属铬条件与特性研究

目的:研究青霉(Penicillium lh-1)作为吸附剂去除水体中六价铬的吸附条件与吸附特性.方法:菌种摇瓶培养收获茵体,干燥粉碎分选,添加吸附剂到体积100ml浓度50mg/L六价铬溶液中,对最优吸附温度、pH、共存离子以及铬被吸附形式进行研究.结果:①温度28℃以及酸性环境(pH 3)为最优吸附条件,10 h内,Cr(Ⅵ)的生物吸附去除效率达99%.②铬的生物吸附主要以六价形式,约占80%,部分Cr(Ⅵ)被还原成Cr(Ⅲ),约占20%.③溶液中共存离子对六价铬吸附的影响不同,一价阴离子与Cu2+对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附几乎没有影响,二价阴离子和Ni2+的存在却明显地影响了生物吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附.结论环境温度、溶液pH以及溶液中共存离子对铬的生物吸附有显著的影响.     

从铅锌矿渣中分离的微生物对重金属吸附特性的研究

从铅锌矿渣中分离到 16种菌 (包括 7株细菌和 9株真菌 ) ,并研究了它们对Zn2 + ,Pb2 + ,Cu2 + 的吸附特性。发现大多数菌株对Pb2 + 与Zn2 + 有不同程度的吸附 ,但对Cu2 + 的吸附能力较小。菌株对Zn2 + 的吸附率大于对Pb2 + 的吸附 ,能吸附Pb2 + 的菌株也能吸附Zn2 + 。pH 4～ 6是真菌吸附金属离子的较好范围 ,细菌仅在pH =5 .0条件下 ,对Pb2 + 与Zn2 + 有吸附。在测试的不同金属离子浓度范围内 (5 0mg/L 相似文献   

Petiolar felt-sheath of palm: a new biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water.

Biosorption of heavy metals such as Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+ by petiolar felt-sheath of palm (PFP) from contaminated water was examined. PFP was found to efficiently remove all the toxic metal ions with selectivity order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Cr3+. The uptake was rapid, with more than 70% completed within 15 min. The bound metal ions were successfully desorbed and the PFP fibrous-biomass remained effective after several adsorption-desorption cycles.     

Biosorption of chromium, copper, manganese and zinc by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT18 isolated from a site contaminated with petroleum

The study describes the sorption of Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT18 isolated from a site contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals. The concentrations studied were 50, 49, 60 and 70 (mg L(-1)) for Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively. The solution pH and ionic strength were very important factors in the metal biosorption performance and the biosorption capacity of P. aeruginosa AT18 for Cr3+,Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+. In aqueous solution, the biosorption increased with increasing pH in the range 5.46-7.72. The results obtained in the experimental assays show that P. aeruginosa AT18 has the capacity for biosorption of the metallic ions Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in solutions, although its capacity for the sorption of manganese is low (22.39 mg Mn2+/g of biomass) in comparison to the Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, as shown by the individual analyses. However, 20% of the manganese was removed from an initial concentration of 49.0 mg L(-1), with a Qm value similar to that obtained in solutions containing mixtures of Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+and Zn2+. The chromium level sorbed by P. aeruginosa AT18 biomass was higher than that for Cu, Mn and Zn, with 100% removal in the pH range 7.00-7.72 and a Qm of 121.90-200.00 mg of Cr3+/g of biomass. The removal of Cr, Cu and Zn is also a result of precipitation processes.     

Single-strand cleavage of DNA by Cu(II) and thiols: a powerful chemical DNA-cleaving system

Reduced lipoic acid, in the presence of cupric ions, introduced single-strand nicks into pSP64 plasmid DNA at micromolar concentrations, converting the supercoiled into open circular and, eventually, linear forms. The metal ion specificity of the reaction was investigated and, of Cu2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+, only Cu2+ ions were catalysts for the thiol-induced DNA cleavage at these low concentrations. A wide range of thiols and dithiols was found to be active as DNA cleavers in the presence of Cu2+ ions.     

Differential effects of monovalent, divalent and trivalent metal ions on rat brain hexokinase

The effects of monovalent (Li+, Cs+) divalent (Cu2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+) and trivalent (Cr3+, Fe3+, Al3+) metals ions on hexokinase activity in rat brain cytosol were compared at 500 microM. The rank order of their potency as inhibitors of brain hexokinase was: Cr3+ (IC50 = 1.3 microM) greater than Hg2+ = Al3+ greater than Cu2+ greater than Pb2+ (IC50 = 80 microM) greater than Fe3+ (IC50 = 250 microM) greater than Cd2+ (IC50 = 540 microM) greater than Zn2+ (IC50 = 560 microM). However, at 500 microM Co2+ slightly stimulated brain hexokinase whereas the other metal ions were without effect. That inhibition of brain glucose metabolism may be an important mechanism in the neurotoxicity of metals is suggested.     

Ferrous iron uptake by Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus: the effect of metals and metabolic inhibitors

Ferrous iron uptake studies in Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus were carried out in a well-defined salt solution termed "modified Hanks solution" at both high iron concentrations (LAFIUS conditions) and low concentrations (HAFIUS conditions). Various divalent metals, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+, inhibited iron uptake under HAFIUS conditions in a non-competitive manner, and in a pseudo-competitive manner under LAFIUS conditions. Cr2+ had no effect. Co2+ inhibited iron uptake competitively under HAFIUS conditions. Metabolic affectors that inhibited iron uptake both under HAFIUS and LAFIUS conditions were: tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, diethylstilbesterol, vanadate, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone, and a mixture of valinomycin and nigericin. Substances that stimulated iron uptake were KCl, valinomycin, and nigericin. Iron uptake under LAFIUS conditions in piperazine-buffered modified Hanks solution was higher than that in the acetate-buffered solution, and acetate inhibited iron uptake in the piperazine buffer. HAFIUS showed no difference. It is concluded that iron uptake in bifidobacteria is driven by an ATPase-dependent proton-motive force and that both the pH gradient and membrane potential are involved in this process. Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ may be transported via LAFIUS, but not HAFIUS. HAFIUS may transport only Co2+ in addition to Fe2+.     

Interaction of metal ions with lupin seed conglutin gamma

Various metal ions were capable of aggregating and precipitating conglutin gamma, an oligomeric glycoprotein purified from Lupinus albus seeds, at neutral pH values. The most effective metal ions, at 60-fold molar excess to the protein, were Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+; a lower influence on the physical status of conglutin gamma was observed with Cr3+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, and Pb2+, while Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ had no effect at all. The insolubilisation of the protein with Zn2+, which is fully reversible, strictly depended on both metal concentration and pH. with middle points of the sharp transitions at three-fold molar excess and pH 6.5, respectively. Conglutin gamma is also fully retained on a metal affinity chromatography column at which Zn2+ and Ni2+ were complexed. A drop of pH below 6.0 and the use of chelating agents, such as EDTA and imidazole, fully desorbed the protein. A slightly lower binding to immobilised Cu2+ and Co2+ and no binding with Mg2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ were observed. The role of the numerous histidine residues of conglutin gamma in the binding of Zn2+ is discussed.     

Enhanced and selective adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by EDTAD-modified biomass of baker's yeast

Enhanced and selective removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ in the presence of high concentration of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were achieved by adsorption on biomass of baker's yeast modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD). The modified biomass was found to have high adsorption capacities and fast rates for Pb2+ and Cu2+, and it also displayed consistently high levels of metal uptake over the pH range from 2.7 to 6.0. From Langmuir isotherm, the adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and Cu2+ were found to be 192.3 and 65.0 mg g(-1), respectively, which are about 10 and 14 times higher than that of the unmodified biomass. Competitive biosorption experiments showed that the co-ions of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had little effects on the uptake of Pb2+ and Cu2+ even at the concentration of 1.0 mol L(-1). The adsorbed Pb2+ and Cu2+ on the modified biomass could be effectively desorbed in an EDTA solution, and the regenerated biomass could be reused repeatedly with little loss of the adsorption capacity.     

Impact of long-term application of industrial wastewater on the emergence of resistance traits in Azotobacter chroococcum isolated from rhizospheric soil

A total of 57 (36 and 21) Azotobacter chroococcum were isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum) rhizospheric soil irrigated with industrial wastewater (about a decade) and ground water (uncontaminated) and characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Rhizospheric soils were analyzed for metal concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the test soil samples were contaminated with Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. All the isolates of A. chroococcum were tested for their resistance against Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+. Among 36 isolates of Azotobacter from soil irrigated with industrial wastewater, 94.4% were resistant to Pb2+ and Hg2+ and 86.1%, 77.5% and 63.8% were resistant to Zn2+, Cr6+ and Cr3+ respectively. The highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 microg/ml for Hg2+ and 1600 microg/ml for other metals were observed against these bacteria from soil. The incidences of metal resistance and MICs of metals for A. chroococcum from wastewater irrigated soil were significantly different to those of uncontaminated soil. All A. chroococcum isolates were tested for their resistance against 11 commonly used antibiotics/drugs. 91.6% were found to be resistant against nitrofurantoin while 86.4% and 80.5% were found to be resistant against polymyxin-B and co-trimoxazole respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis using the miniprep method for plasmid isolation revealed that these isolates harboured plasmids of molecular weights 58.8 and 64.5 kb using EcoRI and HindIII digests of X DNA and undigested X DNA as standard markers.     

还原六价铬细菌及其还原酶的研究

从活性污泥中筛选出的C-2苏云金芽孢杆菌,能耐受250mg/L的六价铬,并具有较好的还原能力。研究表明木糖、果糖、玉米饼粉、苹果酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸及Cu2+、Fe2+、Ca2+离子对C-2菌的还原有积极作用,菌体的接种量影响还原的速率。C-2菌还原的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为9.0;六价铬还原酶的最适pH为7.0、温度为37℃,Co2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、DTT、NADH对酶的还原有积极影响。     

Effects of heavy metals and other trace elements on the fermentative activity of the rumen microflora and growth of functionally important rumen bacteria

The inhibitory effects of high concentrations of essential and non-essential trace elements were tested on the rumen microflora using the rate of fermentation in vitro as the assay. The elements (and the concentration causing 50% inhibition) in decreasing order of toxicity were Hg2+ (20 microgram/ml), Cu2+ (21 microgram/ml), Cr6+ (70 microgram/ml), Se4+ (73 microgram/ml), Ni2+ (160 microgram/ml), Cd2+ (175 microgram/ml), As3+ (304 microgram/ml) and As5+ (1610 microgram/ml). The elements tested that were either weak or noninhibitory at concentrations greater than 400 microgram/ml included Zn2+, Cr2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, and Co2+. Methylmercury was as inhibitory as mercuric chloride to the fermentation. When the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ was tested on separated bacterial and protozoal fractions, it was more inhibitory to the bacteria. The inhibitory effects of trace elements were also determined for a number of axenic cultures of rumen bacteria. The bacteria which most frequently exhibited the greatest sensitivity were Bacteroides succinogenses, Ruminococcus albus, Bacteroides amylophilus, and Eubacterium ruminantium. Those often exhibiting intermediate sensitivities included Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Megasphera elsdenii, while Streptococcus bovis was very refractory to all elements tested. Rumen fluid provided a modest protective effect for the bacteria.