Concentrations of carbohydrate components of glycoproteins in rat serum and erythrocyte and leukocyte membranes in hyperthyroidism

The content of carbohydrate components of glycoproteins in blood serum and erythrocyte and leucocyte membranes was studied as affected of various doses of L-thyroxin. It is established that administration of L-thyroxin small doses increases the level of glycoprotein components in blood serum and cells. Administration of median and especially of high doses of the hormone already on the 12th of the experiment lowers sharply the components level in blood serum and increases it in the membranes of erythrocytes and to a less extent in the membranes of leucocytes. By the 24th day of the experiment the total content of carbohydrate components in the membranes decreases (16.3-25.7% below the normal level). A moderate positive correlation is established between the changes in the content of certain components of glycoproteins in the blood serum and cell membranes in rats with hyperthyreosis induced by administration of L-thyroxin small doses. In the rest cases such a regularity is observed only between the indices in the blood cell membranes.     

Recovery of hematopoiesis in mice following a continuous irradiation with a dose rate of 0.957 Gy/d and a total accumulated dose of 19.14 Gy. II. Peripheral blood

This paper deals with quantitative and qualitative changes in the peripheral blood of mice after continuous irradiation with a dose rate of 0.957 Gy/day and with a total accumulated dose of 19.14 Gy. During irradiation a significant diminution of nongranular leukocytes, a granulocytopenia and a decrease in erythrocytes to about 70% of the control values could be observed. Erythrocytes recovered their original state until the 14th day after the end of irradiation, granulocytes until the 21st day and agranulocytes until the 60th post-irradiation day. The leukocyte number decreased significantly again until the 80th day after the end of irradiation. Leukocytes with intense morphological anomalies could be observed in the peripheral blood during the whole period of examination.     

Action of cytoplasmic factors from the regenerating liver on cholesterol esterification in the blood serum of rats with tetrachloromethane liver damage

The effect of proliferation stimulating factors (PSF) obtained from regenerating liver on the cholesterol esterification in blood serum under deep tetrachloromethane intoxication has been studied in experiments with white rats. Three phases in dynamics of cholesterol content in blood serum have been picked out after a single tetrachloromethane injection. The content of total cholesterol and cholesterol esters reduces during the first phase (24 h), during the second phase (3-7th day) it increases and during the third phase (15th day) these values become normal. PSF injection does not produce any influence on the nature of blood cholesterol under deep tetrachloromethane intoxication, but stimulates the processes of cholesterol ester formation in blood serum.     

降胆固醇乳酸菌对肉鸡胆固醇的影响研究

目的探讨经体外实验筛选出的降胆固醇乳酸菌对肉鸡血清胆固醇及胸肌组织、腿肌组织和肝脏组织胆固醇含量的影响。方法将肉鸡随机分为2组,对照组喂食普通饲料,实验组喂食含有DM86056菌的饲料;喂食56d后分离其血清及肝脏等组织,并应用硫酸铁铵法测定其胆固醇含量,观察对照组与实验组结果差异是否有显著性。结果对肉鸡血清、胸肌组织、腿肌组织胆固醇含量测定后,对照组与实验组结果差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,而对肝脏组织胆固醇含量测定后,对照组与实验组结果差异无显著性（P〉0．1）。结论菌株DM86056可明显降低肉鸡血清、胸肌组织、腿肌组织中胆固醇含量,而对肝脏组织胆固醇含量没有明显改变。     

The antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing compounds

The antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing preparations ("serpisten" and inokosterone) are studied under their application before or after the 22.6 cGy chronic low intensity gamma-irradiation of mice. It is shown that the antiradiation of these compounds depend on the dose of preparations and time of the application before or after irradiation of mice. "Serpisten" prevented the decrease of the growth of the body mass of irradiated mice. The normalization of the phospholipid composition of the mice liver and blood erythrocytes for the most investigated parameters revealed under the application of this compound at the dose of 50 mg/kg after the irradiation of animals. The capacity of "serpisten" to decompose of peroxides is shown in vitro. Inokosterone had the certain anabolic properties, caused the normalization of the total peroxidase activity of blood and intensity of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in brain and in liver, and also the repair of the interrelation between the LPO intensity and catalase activity in the irradiated mice liver. The obtained results allow to conclude that the antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing preparations under the chronic low intensity irradiation of animals at the low dose due to their capacity to depend on the LPO regulatory system parameters.     

Changes in erythrocyte and thrombocyte aggregation after ultraviolet irradiation

Lipid peroxidation which occurs in blood serum under ultraviolet irradiation was studied. The products of these reaction suppress ADP-induced aggregation of native platelets. The rouleaux-forming capacity increased after UV-irradiation of plasma and serum albumin. Under UV-irradiation the aggregates of albumin molecules are supposed to form the aggregates of albumin molecules which bind the erythrocytes in rouleaux.     

Effect of parenteral nitrogen feeding on the free amino acid composition of the blood serum and liver tissue in irradiated rats

A considerable change in the free amino acid composition of blood serum and hepatic tissue was noted on the 7th and 14th days following total-body X-irradiation of rats with a dose of 2.9 Gy. The total free amino acid content of blood serum increased and that of hepatic tissue decreased by 85% (on an average) as compared to the intact controls. Quantitative changes in the content of individual amino acids were analysed. Polyamine injected enterally for 7 days and parenterally for 3 days after irradiation aids the elimination of the postirradiation changes in the amino acid balance.     

The characteristics of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase reaction in the blood serum during liver regeneration

The rate of cholesterin ether formation in blood serum during the periods of rapid recovery of liver mass decreases after partial hepatectomy in rats. This effect is connected with the changes in quantity and composition of lecithin cholesterin acyltransferase (LCAT) as well the kinetic characteristics of lipoprotein of high density. This ferment was isolated from blood serum and purified in 28,500 times at different periods of liver regeneration. A conclusion concerning the presence of reverse dependence between the pronounced regeneration processes in liver and LCAT activity at high level of nonetherificated cholesterin in substrate has been drawn. Some recommendations for LCAT activity reducing processes in liver are given.     

Effect of protamine on the composition of blood lipoproteins at various periods of hypercholesterolemia in rabbits

Protamine has been studied for its effect on changes in the protein-lipid composition of main fractions of blood lipoproteins in different periods (1- and 7-months) of hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Daily introduction of protamine to intact animals for 30 days did not change the studied parameters. Results of analysis of the protamine action against the background of the 1-month hypercholesterolemia testify to an increase of the protein and cholesterin concentration in apoB-containing lipoproteins. A moderate increase of the cholesterin concentration in the HDL composition has been observed, the protein concentration remaining at high level. The atherogenic diet for 7 month has induced in animals subjected to its dyslipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis of vessels. Under these conditions protamine has inhibited "proatherogenic" alterations in the composition of lipoproteins. The concentration of protein, cholesterin and triglycerides in the apoB-containing fractions decreased and the concentration of total cholesterin and triglycerides in the blood serum fell considerably.     

The influence of alimentary microelementosis on the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase

Studies of K_m for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and activities of superoxide dismutase and GPx were carried out in liver and erythrocytes of rats kept on either the normal semisynthetic diet or a high-fat diet with increased content of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se. The diet containing microelement additions caused the increase in TBH affinity of liver and erythrocyte GPx, as well as the decrease of liver SOD observed on the 14th day of the treatment of rats with the high-fat diet with additional increase of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se.     

Functional state of the thyroid gland following exposure to ultrasound

Changes are described in the content of butanol-extracted iodine in the blood serum and total iodine in thyroid tissue of white rat males under ultrasonic effect of various intensity (0.2, 0.6, 1.0 Watt/cm2) and analysed at different time intervals after ultrasound application. A decrease in total iodine content in thyroid glands (at initial level 0.315 mg%) and an increase of butanol-extracted iodine content in the blood serum were observed in all the experimental groups. The data obtained compared with the earlier found increase of the thyroid hormone content in the serum and thyreotropic hormone at a decreased content of thyroxins in the thyroid gland seem to point to the activation of the thyroid function after the application of ultrasound.     

The effect of carnosine on the liver enzyme system in the irradiated body]

The effect of carnosine on post-radioactive changes in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in blood serum and cytochrome P-450 content in liver microsomes has been studied. Per os administration of carnosine 24 hours prior to irradiation in a minimal lethal dose (7 Gr) markedly decreases the post-radioactive accumulation of LPO products in rat blood serum one hour after irradiation and fully restores the post-radioactive decrease in the cytochrome P-450 content in rat liver microsomes on day 5 after irradiation. Besides, the ability of carnosine to prevent the post-radioactive decline in the activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Another key enzyme of the liver detoxifying system, has been demonstrated. The data obtained testify to the ability of carnosine to provide effective protection against post-radioactive intensification of LPO in irradiated organisms.     

Simple and complex carbohydrate-rich diets and muscle glycogen content of marathon runners

The effects of simple-carbohydrate (CHO)- and complex-CHO-rich diets on skeletal muscle glycogen content were compared. Twenty male marathon runners were divided into four equal groups with reference to dietary consumption: depletion/simple, depletion/complex, nondepletion/simple, and nondepletion/complex. Subjects consumed either a low-CHO (15% energy [E] intake), or a mixed diet (50% CHO) for 3 days, immediately followed by a high-CHO diet (70% E intake) predominant in either simple-CHO or in complex-CHO (85% of total CHO intake) for another 3 days. Skeletal muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were obtained one day prior to the start of the low-CHO diet or mixed diet (PRE), and then again one day after the completion of the high-CHO diet (POST). The samples were analysed for skeletal muscle glycogen, serum free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, and lactate and blood glucose. Skeletal muscle glycogen content increased significantly (p less than 0.05) only in the nondepletion/simple group. When groups were combined, according to the type of CHO ingested and/or utilization of a depletion diet, significant increases were observed in glycogen content. Serum FFA decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) for the nondepletion/complex group only, while serum insulin, blood glucose, and serum lactate were not altered. It is concluded that significant increases in skeletal muscle glycogen content can be achieved with a diet high in simple-CHO or complex-CHO, with or without initial consumption of a low-CHO diet.     

Content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in serum and liver of rats fed restricted diets supplemented with vitamins B2, B6 and folic acid

The aim of study was to investigate an influence of nutritional deficiency and dietary addition of vit. B(2), B(6) and folic acid on PUFAs content in rats' serum and liver. Limitation of consumption full value diet to 50% of its previously determined daily consumption, enriched with m/a vitamins, significant decreased of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (ALA) acids as well as distinctly increased arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids content in serum in 30th day. In 60th day lower content of AA and DHA fatty acids was found. Nutrition with such diet, lasting 90 days caused decrease of LA content and increase of AA. Diet limitation to its 30% of daily consumption decreased of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in the 30th day, while AA and DHA content was increased in the 60th day. Distinct decrease of AA content and increase of EPA content were found in the 90th day of experiment. Use of diets, with limited consumption to 50% caused increase of LA and ALA acids content while AA and DHA acids content were significantly decreased in the liver, in 90th day. Limited consumption supplemented diet to 30% caused in liver significant decrease of LA and increase of EPA acids content.     

Nature and store of fatty acid lipids in the blood of newborn calves with dyspepsia

The content of fatty acids of lipids extracted from the whole blood as well as from erythrocytes, leucocytes, plasma and serum samples of newborn dyspeptic calves were investigated for the first time. Twenty three (23) saturated, mono-non-saturated and poly-non-saturated fatty acids were detected. Native, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids, are the main components of the whole blood lipid fraction and its components. The fatty acids found in lipids and other components of the whole blood in the samples of dyspeptic and healthy calves are the same, their ratios, however, are different. The decrease in the nonsaturated fatty acids content and its increase in saturated fatty acids are considerable. The saturation coefficient is different in native blood lipids, erythrocytes, leukocytes, serum and plasma.     

L.SP.HXQ001菌对家兔血清胆固醇的影响

目的 探讨乳酸细菌中的明串珠菌对血清胆固醇的影响。方法 通过给实验性高胆固醇血症家兔喂L.sp.HXQ001菌液,测定其血清胆固醇含量,并与持续高脂喂饲、停高脂喂饲后自然降低血清胆固醇比较,分析其对脂代谢的影响。结果 L.sp.HXQ001菌有预防高脂饲料所引发的高胆固醇血症作用,对实验性高胆固醇血症有较好的降低血清胆醇作用。结论：L.sp.HXQ001菌显示有较好的调节血清胆固醇作用,有可能成为新的微生态调节剂,并在防治高胆固醇血症方面发挥作用。     

Activity of antioxidant enzymes in enterocytes of the small intestine and blood cells after ionizing irradiation and administration of vitamin E in rats

The long-term influence of low X-ray irradiation increases lipid peroxidation (LP) in radiosensitive (bone marrow, enterocytes of small intenstine) and in relatively radioresistant blood cells (erythrocytes). The activation of antioxidant system enzymes in observed cells does not decrease LP intensity. We concluded that additional administration of alpha-tocopherol provided the decrease of the first and end products of LP in the observed tissues mostly in the beginning of the experiment. Antioxidant effect of the preparation is more significant in cells with high proliferative activity but normal activity of enzymes was not determined.     

Stimulation of primary immune response by the activation of autoimmune processes]

Experiments were conducted on 220 female mice weighing 20--24 g, with the use of 3 types of antigens (sheep erythrocytes, vaccines from the intestinal and paratyphoid bacilli). There proved to be an increase on the 7th and the 14th day of the formation of specific antibodies under the effect of subcutaneous injection of a homologous blood (0.1--0.3 ml per mouse) 2 hours after the antigen immunization. Hemostimulation not only intensified the antibody-genesis, but also increased the resistance to the infection with the living microbial culture. The stimulating action of the blood injection persisted in irradiation of the mice with gamma-rays in a dose of 300 r. Hemostimulation produced an activation of the normal autoantibody system capable of influencing the function of cells necessary for the antigen assimilation.     

Antioxidative status changes in golden syrian hamsters with experimental metabolic syndrome

Some indices of the antioxidant status (content of the alpha-tocopherol, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid, activity of the glutathione reductase and aryl-esterase) and lipid peroxidation processes in the liver, blood serum, and some blood serum lipoprotein fractions of the Golden Syrian hamsters of different sex and age status under high-caloric diet were investigated. It has been shown that the hypercaloric diet leads to a decreaseng of reduced glutathione content and increase of the level of lipid peroxidation products in the liver of experimental animals. The ascorbic acids content in male liver is decreased and in female liver is increased. In the blood serum under hypercaloric nutrition the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and alpha-tocopherol content a decrease in ApoB-lipoproteins and HDL is observed. Simultaneously the ascorbic acid content is increased in the blood serum of all experimental animals. Activation of free-radical oxidation both in the liver, and blood serum is more significant in males compared with females. The data obtained allow to suppose that atherosclerotic complications of metabolic syndrome development may be connected to the lipoprotein oxidant status infringement.     

Haptoglobin study of sheep during the development process]

The development of haptoglobin blood system was studied in the sheeps during intrauterine development and early postnatal period. The haptoglobin content was shown to decrease with the foetus age, two peaks of its reliable increase having been, however, noted -- on the 55th and 105th days of development. After the birth the haptoglobin concentration in blood is relatively low, increases gradually and attains by the 8th month of life that in adult animals. In the blood serum of 45--120 days old foetuses two phenotypes of fetal haptoglobin were found; the adult haptoglobin is present only beginning from the 1st month of life.