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1998年6月~2004年7月,经历时6年的调查访问,了解到金头闭壳龟(Cuora aurocapitata)生活于水质清澈的溪流中,尤其是落差较大的水潭;食物主要为溪蟹、小鱼虾和水生昆虫;近20年所捕获的该龟均来自皖南的青弋江流域。作者经过40多条样带的野外调查,未曾亲自捕获金头闭壳龟,证明该龟野外种群处于极危状态。国内各高等院校和科研单位所收集的该龟标本不足20只,国内拥有该龟的养龟爱好者和养殖户约20余家,人工饲养成龟共80只左右,人工繁殖出的幼龟不超过100只。金头闭壳龟的生存现状正面临严重危机,应采取有效的保护措施。 相似文献
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甘肃省药用植物资源及其开发利用现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
漆燕玲 《中国野生植物资源》2003,22(6):16-18
甘肃省有着丰富的药用植物资源和悠久的药材种植历史,中药材种植面积及产量位居全国之首。笔者分别对该省近年来已经实施了人工种植的药用植物和尚处于野生状态的药用植物资源的开发利用现状进行了分析,为该省药用植物资源利用及中药产业的进一步发展提供参考。 相似文献
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概述了海南黑冠长臂猿的分类地位、种群数量、食性、活动范围与配偶制度、行为以及保护管理等方面。 相似文献
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主要介绍了江苏濒危植物珊瑚菜的特征特性、生存现状.江苏沿海野生珊瑚菜种群被证实已灭绝,并探析了其灭绝的原因,为内在因素和外在因素的结合,但人为的外在因素对其生存的影响是致命性的.呼吁保护环境以拯救其它濒临灭绝的物种. 相似文献
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多纹豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera multistrigata Moore)属鳞翅目豹蠹蛾科,是福建省沿海防护林木麻黄(Casuarina)的主要蛀干害虫。国内对此虫的发生规律研究,尚未见正式报道。国外分布于印度、孟加拉国、缅甸。一、研究方法(一) 生物学特性观察在惠安赤湖林场,莆田县山星林场设立研究基点。(1) 每隔3—15天定期上山解剖有虫株,1982—1987年共剖木5748株;(2) 在不同方同设立3个林间养虫室,种植有虫木;(3) 野外套笼1382株虫害木;(4) 室内水培苗木饲养,养虫笼木段饲养,玻璃培养皿盛木屑饲养;(5)黑光灯诱蛾。各方法互相验证,取长补短。(二) 生态因子调查采取踏查和标准地 相似文献
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该项研究在石家庄进行。核桃豹蠹蛾主要危害核桃,它一年发生1代,以老熟幼虫越冬。翌年4月中旬化蛹,5月下旬羽化为成虫并产卵,6月中旬卵孵化为幼虫。在6月中旬幼虫孵出前用3%呋喃丹根施药效%%,剪枝和虫孔给药法可以在低矮的树上应用。核桃豹蠹蛾越冬后的自然死亡率90%以上。抑制天敌有白僵菌、苏云金杆菌、病毒、土蜂2种、马蜂1种、蜘蛛2种和多种鸟雀。 相似文献
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本文构建了雪豹和金钱豹的限制性内切酶图谱。通过限制性酶谱的比较,探讨雪豹的属级分类地位。结果表明,两物种的mtDNA基因组明显趋异,其遗传距离为0.07533,但这种差异根据文献记载,似乎未到属级分化程度,故认为雪豹不应单立为属,而是豹属的一员。但鉴于雪豹在形态、行为、该型和mtDNA等方面,不同于豹属其他种类,我们认为雪豹应视豹属中的一个有效亚属。 相似文献
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To determine leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus) food habits in the Lopé National Park in Gabon, Central Africa, 196 leopard scats were collected and analysed. Prey items were determined using undigested matter isolated from the scats, and a reference collection of hairs and bones from potential prey species. A minimum of 30 different prey species were identified, 27 of which were mammalian. Leopards preyed mainly on ungulates, which made up 59% of the biomass consumed. Diurnal primates (18%) and large rodents (17%) were also heavily preyed upon. The mean prey weight estimated from scats was 29.2 kg. The most important single prey species was found to be red river hog Potamochoerus porcus (Linnaeus), making up 20% of the biomass consumed, followed by forest buffalo Syncerus caffer nanus (Boddaert) and cane rat Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck), each comprising 13% of biomass consumed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Numerous techniques have been proposed to estimate carnivore abundance and density, but few have been validated against populations of known size. We used a density estimate established by intensive monitoring of a population of radiotagged leopards (Panthera pardus) with a detection probability of 1.0 to evaluate efficacy of track counts and camera-trap surveys as population estimators. We calculated densities from track counts using 2 methods and compared performance of 10 methods for calculating the effectively sampled area for camera-trapping data. Compared to our reference density (7.33 ± 0.44 leopards/100 km2), camera-trapping generally produced more accurate but less precise estimates than did track counts. The most accurate result (6.97 ± 1.88 leopards/100 km2) came from camera-trap data with a sampled area buffered by a boundary strip representing the mean maximum distance moved by leopards outside the survey area (MMDMOSA) established by telemetry. However, contrary to recent suggestions, the traditional method of using half the mean maximum distance moved from photographic recaptures did not result in gross overestimates of population density (6.56 ± 1.92 leopards/100 km2) but rather displayed the next best performance after MMDMOSA. The only track-count method comparable to reference density employed a capture-recapture framework applied to data when individuals were identified from their tracks (6.45 ± 1.43 leopards/100 km2) but the underlying assumptions of this technique limit more widespread application. Our results demonstrate that if applied correctly, camera-trap surveys represent the best balance of rigor and cost-effectiveness for estimating abundance and density of cryptic carnivore species that can be identified individually. 相似文献
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Aims To model differential extinction rates for island populations of tigers Panthera tigris and leopards P. pardus. Location Indonesia. Methods We built VORTEX population models of tiger and leopard populations on an island the size of Bali (3632 km2), using data from the literature. Results The tiger populations were less extinction prone than the leopard populations. This was unexpected as tigers had the smaller population sizes and, as such, might be assumed to be more extinction prone. We identified several aspects of tiger breeding biology that explain the result. Main conclusions Sea level reconstructions suggest that both tiger and leopard would have been present in Java, Sumatra and Bali at the end of the last glacial. Our model provides a plausible mechanism based on population ecology to explain why these leopard populations were more extinction prone than the tiger populations. In addition it illustrates the potential utility of population ecology models in understanding historical patterns in biogeography. 相似文献
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NOBUYUKI YAMAGUCHI REW C. KITCHENER EMMANUEL GILISSEN DAVID W. MACDONALD 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2009,98(1):85-93
Intraspecific encephalization of the lion and the tiger is investigated for the first time using a very large sample. Using cranial volume as a measure of brain size, the tiger has a larger brain relative to greatest length of skull than the lion, the leopard and the jaguar. The Asian lion has a relatively much smaller brain compared with those of sub-Saharan lions, between which there are few differences. The Balinese and Javan tigers had relatively larger brains compared with those of Malayan and Sumatran tigers, even although these four putative subspecies occupy adjacent ranges in south-eastern Asia. Differences in brain size do not appear to correlate with any known differences in behaviour and ecology and, therefore, may reflect only chance differences in intrageneric and intraspecific phylogeny. However, captive-bred big cats generally have a reduced brain size compared with that of wild animals, so that an animal's life history and living conditions may affect brain size and, hence, functional or environmental explanations should be considered when linking brain size differences to intraspecific phylogenies. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2009, 98 , 85–93. 相似文献
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Charlotte E. Searle;Paolo Strampelli;Singira N. Parsais;Leonard J. Haule;Kandey K. Olesyapa;Nasri D. Salum;Germanus Hape;Manase Elisa;Daniel Mathayo;Joseph Kaduma;Neema Malulu;Nyasatu Mkaka;Justine Robert;Dennis Ikanda;Samuel Mtoka;Kathryn Doody;Alex L. Lobora;Amy J. Dickman; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(7):e11542
Strawberry or red leopards are a rare colour morph of leopard (Panthera pardus) characterised by spot markings that are red or brown instead of black, thought to be a result of a mutation in the tyrosinase-related protein (TYRP1) gene. We report the first record of this phenotype on the African continent outside of South Africa, from Selous Game Reserve in southern Tanzania. One female leopard with strawberry colouration was documented out of 373 individual leopards (0.3%) identified through camera trap surveys conducted from 2020 to 2022 over a combined area of more than 4600 km2 in the Nyerere-Selous landscape. 相似文献
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东北虎豹生物多样性红外相机监测平台概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
东北虎豹生物多样性红外相机监测平台始建于2006年, 位于中国东北温带针阔混交林区, 覆盖老爷岭、张广才岭和完达山, 面积达1.5万多平方公里。平台的监测目标是从生态系统水平上对东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)、东北豹(P. pardus orientalis)、有蹄类猎物及同域分布的其他哺乳动物、森林栖息生境、环境要素和人类活动等进行全面系统的调查和观测。截至2019年6月, 平台产生视频记录超过78.5万条, 有效相机工作日173.6万多天, 记录了28种野生兽类和32种野生鸟类。另外, 利用红外相机平台已经在野生动物多样性本底调查、虎豹种群分布、数量与扩散限制、同域食肉动物种间关系、动物生境利用等方面取得一些成果, 同时为东北虎豹国家公园生物多样性监测、评估和管理提供了科技支撑。 相似文献
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MONIKA SCHIESS-MEIER SANDRA RAMSAUER TEFO GABANAPELO BARBARA KÖNIG 《The Journal of wildlife management》2007,71(4):1267-1274
Abstract: Problem Animal Control Registers, where farmers report livestock losses due to predators as a prerequisite for financial compensation, allow quantifying the human-predator conflict. We analyzed such registers from the Kweneng District of Botswana to assess the impact of native predators on livestock over 3 years. Leopards (Panthera pardus), lions (Panthera leo), wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), brown hyenas (Hyaena brunnea), and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) altogether claimed 2,272 head of livestock. During 2002, the year with the highest impact, the number of animals reported depredated (954) represented 0.34% of the livestock in the district. Leopards and lions caused 64% of the losses. Leopard livestock predation mainly affected calves and was consistent over the district and over time. In contrast, lion predation concentrated on adult cattle, was characterized by local hot spots close to reserve borders, decreased with increasing distance to a reserve, and increased during 2002, an unusually dry year. Interviews with 60 farmers and herders within 30 km of Khutse and Central Kalahari Game Reserves revealed an annual loss of 2.2% of their livestock to predators. Here, small farms (max. 100 domestic animals) suffered relatively higher losses than large, commercial farms, not only due to predation (small farms: 11.7%; large farms: 1.0%) but also from other causes (small: 12.6%; large: 2.8%), even though herders on large farms guarded 5 times more livestock per person than those on small farms. To reduce livestock predation in most of the district where lions are absent, we recommend maternity corrals for pregnant females and calves to better protect vulnerable calves during day and night. In areas close to a reserve where lions roam, herders' incentives to keep all livestock protected in a corral at night have to be enhanced because, according to the registers, only 3 predation cases were reported to have happened inside a corral. 相似文献