组织透明技术在植物解剖学和植物发育生物学实验教学中的应用

整体组织透明和组织切片技术是研究植物组织和器官的结构及其发育过程的常用实验手段。该文针对本科生植物学课程的侧根、胚珠(特别是胚囊)以及胚胎发育内容设计了相应的实验教学课程。该实验以拟南芥幼苗、不同发育时期的花蕾和种子为材料,经固定、脱色和组织透明,利用正置显微镜观察侧根、胚珠以及胚胎的发育过程。根组织经透明后,在显微镜下可以清晰地观察到从侧根原基的建成到侧根发生的八个发育阶段。各个发育时期的胚珠经组织透明后,在显微镜下可以清晰地观察到大孢子母细胞、功能性大孢子(FG1期)以及FG2~FG7期的胚囊。各个发育时期的种子经透明后,在显微镜下可以清晰地观察到胚胎发育的1细胞期、8细胞期、球形期、心形期、鱼雷期、拐杖期和成熟期。这些实验结果可以使学生对拟南芥等双子叶植物的侧根、胚珠以及胚胎发育过程有较为系统的了解。该实验方法在其他较小的双子叶植物中也适用。     

类短命植物阿尔泰独尾草的解剖学研究

通过常规石蜡切片法,对类短命植物阿尔泰独尾草的根、茎、叶、花等器官进行了解剖结构的研究。结果表明：阿尔泰独尾草的根系有明显的二型性,即有储藏根和吸收根的结构与功能分化,是其对生长发育快速、年休眠期长的类短命植物生活习性高度适应的结果;其营养器官表现出明显的旱生植物特征;储藏根与吸收根木质部的二型性及其内皮层的带状凯氏带增厚结构则说明独尾草属植物可能具有较为特殊的系统演化地位。     

The Production of Basic Fuchsin Suitable for the Feulgen Technic

Much difficulty has been experienced in obtaining basic fuchsins satisfactory for the Feulgen technic. A method of purification employing sulfur dioxide is described which has been found to improve many unsatisfactory fuchsins. It is also shown that if the best grade of commercial pararosanilin base is used and proper precautions observed in converting it to the chloride or the acetate, a product can be obtained which gives excellent results in the Feulgen technic. The methods by which the base can be converted to the chloride or acetate are described in detail. Precautions are given for avoiding, in the conversion of the base to the dye salts, contamination of the product with the impurities which interfere with the staining. The use of the acetate is recommended because of its greater solubility.     

Evaluation of an Audio-visual Method of Learning Plant Anatomy

Combined Science 1 G. GREEN, K. PETFORD, A. SHORT and D.WALKER Pupils' book, 128 pp., illustrated, £1.25. Teachers' guide, 81 pp., illustrated, £1.95. London: John Murray, 1975. Reviewed by Stuart Newton

Pupils' Attitudes to Science: a review of research M. B. ORMEROD and D. DUCKWORTH 150 pp. Windsor: NFER Publishing Company, 1975. £3.50. Reviewed by Don Ryman

Pest Control and its Ecology Studies in Biology No. 50 H. F. VAN EMDEN 60 pp., illustrated. London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £1.90 boards, 95p paper. Reviewed by Colin Wood Robinson

Plant Cell Structure and Metabolism J. L. HALL, T. J. FLOWERS and R. M. ROBERTS 426 pp., illustrated. London: Longman, 1974. £4.95. Reviewed by J. H. Duffus

The Evolution of IBP E. B. WORTHINGTON (Ed.) 268 pp., illustrated. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. £10.50. Reviewed by A. D. Berrie

Biochemistry of Antimicrobial Action T. J. FRANKLIN and G. A. SNOW Second edition. 224 pp., illustrated. London: Chapman and Hall, 1975. £7.00 boards, £3.95 paper. Reviewed by A. I. Tiffin

Pollutants and Animals—a factual perspective F. MORIARTY 140 pp., illustrated. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1975. £5.65 Reviewed by Paul Rogers

Living Clocks in the Animal World M. F. BENNETT 221 pp., illustrated. Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas, 1974. $11.75. Reviewed by R. P. Dales

Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene J. K. RAEBURN and H. A. RAEBURN Fourth edition. 375 pp., illustrated. London: John Murray, 1975. £1.95. Reviewed by A. W. Le Serve

A Zoo in Your Room R. CARAS 96 pp., illustrated. London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975. £1.65. Reviewed by Richard Cansdale

Plant Cell Biology—An Ultrastructural Approach B. E. S. GUNNING and M. W. STEER 278 pp., illustrated. London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £2.75. Reviewed by John F. Duffus

Experimental Work in Biology No. 7: Respiration and Gaseous Exchange D. G. MACKEAN Reviewed by Cecily Gale

General Ecology—Biocenology-Hydrobiology Volume 1 L. I. DROZHILOVA (Ed.) 109 pp., illustrated. Boston, Mass.: G. K. Hall, 1974. $21.00. Reviewed by A. D. Berrie

Biochemistry LUBERT STRYER 877 pp., illustrated. San Francisco and Reading: W. H. Freeman, 1975. £9.40. Reviewed by J. H. Parish

Photosynthesis M. A. TRIBE, M. R. ERAUT and R. K. SNOOK Cambridge University Press     

Resorcin Fuchsin Staining of Neurosecretory Cells

The resorcin fuchsin staining solution was prepared by dissolving 1 gm of the dry dye (Chroma) in 98 ml of 70% ethanol acidified by 2 ml of concentrated HCI. When applied to paraffin sections of vertebrate hypothalamus fixed in a modified Bouin's fluid (0.5% trichloroacetic acid replacing 5% acetic), the solution stained neurosecretory cells in a manner comparable to staining by Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin. The resorcin fuchsin solution requires no ripening and is said to keep for months. It showed no deterioration in the 20 day period of testing. Optional fixatives are: unmodified Bouin's, Heidenhain's SUSA, and alcoholic trichloroacetic acid.     

珍稀植物扇脉杓兰营养器官的解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片技术对扇脉杓兰营养器官的解剖结构进行了研究。结果表明：根状茎的薄壁细胞中含丰富的淀粉粒,维管柱中分布着排列紧凑的周木维管束;根的皮层发达,有的皮层细胞中存在真菌菌丝团,木质部与韧皮部呈辐射状相间排列,根和根状茎的内皮层细胞都形成马蹄形加厚结构。茎的表面分布气孔,皮层面积较小,皮层内部的基本组织发达,外韧维管束散生分布其中,茎和叶上都附有非腺性毛;叶为等面叶,叶肉细胞排列疏松,气孔主要分布于远轴面,略外凸,保卫细胞中含有叶绿体,叶缘处的叶肉组织中含有气腔结构。扇脉杓兰营养器官的这些特征与其荫蔽湿润的生境是相适应的。     

Basic Fuchsin as an Indicator in Endo's Medium

The writer has made an investigation of various samples of basic fuchsin for use in the Endo medium for differentiating the bacteria of the colon-typhoid group. Various different concentrations of the fuchsin samples have been used in making the media. The conclusions are as follows:

American made fuchsins differ markedly in their alcohol solubility properties. They contain materials which are very readily soluble in 95% alcohol, but which are precipitated by sodium sulphite.

This precipitation may be prevented by increasing the dilution of the fuchsin in alcohol.

In order to secure more dependable results in the use of decolorized basic fuchsin as an indicator in Endo Agar, it is advisable to test the fuchsin in different dilutions in alcohol in order to secure a completely decolorized solution. It is also advisable to carefully test those fuchsins which decolorize only in high dilutions with a known organism in Endo agar before relying on it as a satisfactory indicator for the presence of sewage organisms.     

Calculation of Translocation Coefficients from Phloem Anatomy for use in Crop Models

Translocation coefficients, computed for unit ground area, arerequired in crop models as part of the simulation of the partitioningof assimilates. An equation for translocation is derived byconsidering pressure-driven flow and the physical dimensionsof the pathway in the phloem. Numerical estimates of the translocationcoefficients for grasses and trees are calculated using anatomicaldata. The values found are compatible with published rates oftranslocation in the phloem.Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press Model, Münch, phloem, sieve tube, translocation