基于rDNAITS序列分析Alternaria与相似属的关系及A.leucanthemi的分类地位

对Alternaria,Stemphylium,Ulocladium,Nimbya,Embellisia等五个形态相似属的代表性种进行了5.8S/ITS区段序列测定,连同从GenBank下载的相关有性型Pleospora,Lewia的同项资料,由Neighbor-joining方法构建系统发育树。序列对比结果显示,所有参试的菌株/种的5.8SrDNA序列保守程度较高,ITS序列变化较大,ITS1比ITS2变化更大。由5.8S/ITS构建的系统发育树可以足够将供试菌区分到属;系统发育树显示Alternaria,Ulocladium,Nimbya和Embellisia系统学关系较近,又存在一定的分化;Stemphylium聚在相对较远的分支上,与上述四属关系较远,相对独立进化;有性型的Pleospora与无性型的Stemphylium被聚到一个分支,这种不同阶段菌株在遗传基础上的一致,充分证明所用方法及所选测序的rDNA区段对本类群真菌的分类很有价值。Alternarialeucanthemi位于系统发育树的外侧,较为独立进化,与Alternaria的其它种亲缘关系较远,却与Stemphyliumspp.和Bip…     

中国链格孢属的分类研究IV.生于夹竹桃科和番木瓜科植物上的新种和新变种

报道生于夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)植物上的链格孢新种2个、新变种2个,即络石链格孢(Alternaria trachelospermi T. Y. Zhang,X. F. Lin et W．Q．Chen)、细极链格孢络石生变种[A.Tenuissima (Nees ex Fr.) Wiltshire var．Trachelospermicola T. Y. Zhang,X. F. Lin et W. Q.Chen]、细极链格孢长春花变种[A. tenuissima (Nees ex Fr．) Wiltshim var catharanthi T. Y. Zhanget X. F. Lin]和长春花生链格孢(A. catharanthicola T．Y Zhang),及生于番木瓜科(Caricaccae)植物上的番术瓜链格孢(A. caricae T. Y. Zhang,W．Q Chen et X. F. Lin)。新种和新变种均有拉丁文特征描述,并附绘图。新分类单位的模式标本分别存放在西北农业大学真菌标本室(HMUABO)和山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)．     

中国链格孢属的分类研究 Ⅳ.生于夹竹桃科和番木瓜科植物上的新种和新变种(英文)

报道生于夹竹桃科（Ａｐｏｃｙｎａｃｅａｅ）植物上的链格孢新种２个、新变种２个,即络石链格孢（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ　ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｏｓｐｅｒｍｉ　Ｔ．Ｙ　Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｘ,Ｆ,Ｌｉｎ　ｅｔ　Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ）、细极链格孢络石生变种［Ａ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓｓｉｍａ（Ｎｅｅｓｅｘ　Ｆｒ．）Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅｖａｒ．ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｏｓｐｅｒｍｉｃｏｌａ　Ｔ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｘ．Ｆ．ＬｉｎｅｔＷ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ］、细极链格孢长春花变种［Ａ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓｓｉｍａ（ＮｅｅｓｅｘＦｒ．）Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅｖａｒ．ｃａｔｈａｒａｎｔｈｉＴ,Ｙ．ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＸ．Ｆ．Ｌｉｎ］和长春花生链格孢（Ａ.ｃａｔｈａｒａｎｔｈｉｃｏｌａＴ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ）,及生于番木瓜科（Ｃａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）植物上的番木瓜链格孢（Ａ．ｃａｒｉｃａｅ　Ｔ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ　ｅｔ　Ｘ．Ｆ．Ｌｉｎ）．新种和新变种均有拉丁文特征描述,并附绘图．新分类单位的模式标本分别存放在西北农业大学真菌标本室（ＨＭＵＡＢＯ）和山东农业大学植物病理标本室（ＨＳＡＵＰ）．     

IMI与K标本室中生于大戟科植物上链格孢属的种Ⅱ.大戟属,铁苋菜属和守宫木属上的种

本文系作者继大戟属(Euphorbia L.)、守宫木属(Sauropus B1.)和铁苋菜属(Acalypha L.)植物上链格孢属(Alternaria Nees)真菌研究(Zhang, 1995)之后,对生于大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)其它属植物上一些链格孢真菌种级分类单位评鉴结果的后续报道.内容包括:一个新种,巴豆生链格孢(A. croronicola T. Y.Zhang & J. C. David), Macrosporium compactum Cooke:对其模式标本(holotype)进行T订正、巴豆链格孢[A.crotonis kamal,Singh & Kumar]:提出关于新模式(neotype)标本的建议;对蓖麻链格孢[A. ricini(yoshii)Hansford]典型性状作了补充描述.此外,还在大戟科其它一些植物上检查到长极链格孢[A. longissima Deighton et MacGarvie]和细极链格孢[A. tenuissima(Nees ez Fr.) Wiltshire]。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究II.生于苋科,落葵科和藜科植物上新种与新 …

链格孢生于苋科植物上新种一个，Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ａｃｈｙｒａｎｔｈｉｓ，新记录种一个，Ａ．ｃｅｌｏｓｉａｅ；生于落葵科植物上的新种一个，Ａ．ｂａｓｅｌｌａｅ；生于藜科植物上的新种一个，Ａ．ｃｈｅｎｏｐｏｄｉｉｃｏｌａ，中国新记录种一个，Ａ．ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａｅ。新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（ＨＳＡＵＰ）。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究Ⅲ.生于漆树科,天南星科和五加科植物上的 …

本文报道生于漆树科植物上的两个链格孢新种,即盐肤木生链格孢和陕西链格孢;生于天南星科植物上的两个新种,即海芋链格孢和独角莲链格孢,及生于五加科植物上的一个中国新记录种,常春藤链格孢。新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究II.生于苋科、落葵科和藜科植物上新种与新记录种

链格孢生于苋科植物上新种一个,Alternaria achyranthis, 新记录种一个,A. Celosiae; 生于落葵科植物上的新种一个,A. basellae;生于藜科植物上的新种一个,A． Chenopodiicola 中国新记录种一个,A．Spinaciae 新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究Ⅱ.生于苋科、落葵科和藜科植物上新种与新记录种(英文)

链格孢生于苋科植物上新种一个,Alternariaachyranthis,新记录种一个,A．celosiae;生于落葵科植物上的新种一个,A．basellae;生于藜科植物上的新种一个,A．chehopodiicola,中国新记录种一个,A.spinaciae新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究Ⅲ.生于漆树科、天南星科和五加科植物上的新种与新记录种(英文)

本文报道生于漆树科（Anacardiaceae）植物上的两个链格孢新种,即盐肤木生链格孢（Alternar。rholcolaT．Y．ZhangetJ．Z．Zhang）和陕西链格孢（A．shaanxiensisT．Y．ZhangetJ．Z．Zhang）;生于天南星科（Aiaceae）植物上的两个新种,即海芋链格孢（A．alocasiaeTYZhapetM．X．Gao）和独角莲链格孢（A．typhoniiT．Y．ZhangetJ．Z．Zhang）,及生于五加科（Aialiaceas）植物上的一个中国新记录种,常春藤链格孢［A．hederae（Aim．＆Cam．）P．Joly］。新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）。     

Phylogenetic relationships among Thunnus species inferred from rDNA ITS1 sequence

Intra and interspecific nucleotide sequence variation of rDNA first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) was analysed using all eight species of the genus Thunnus plus two out‐group species within the same family, skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis and striped bonito Sarda orientalis . Intraspecific nucleotide sequence variation in ITS1, including intra‐genomic variation, was low, ranging from 0·003 to 0·014 [Kimura's two parameter distance (K2P)], whereas variation between species within the genus Thunnus ranged from 0·009 to 0·05. The Atlantic and Pacific northern bluefin tunas Thunnus thynnus thynnus and Thunnus thynnus orientalis , recently proposed to be distinct species, were found to share nearly identical ITS1 sequences (mean K2P = 0·006) well within the range of intraspecific variation. The northern bluefin tuna appeared to be a sister group to albacore Thunnus alalunga , with all other Thunnus species in a distinct clade. The ITS1 phylogeny was consistent with mtDNA phylogeny in clustering the three tropical Thunnus species ( T. albacares , T. atlanticus and T. tonggol ). Southern bluefin Thunnus maccoyii and bigeye Thunnus obesus tunas showed a closer affinity to this tropical tuna group than to the northern bluefin tuna and albacore. The molecular data supported mitochondrial introgression between species and contradicted morphological subdivision of the genus into two subgenera Neothunnus and Thunnus .     

Phylogenetic relationships of New Zealand Asteraceae inferred from ITS sequences

Forty-five sequences from members of all genera of Asteraceae indigenous to New Zealand and 50 published sequences representing the tribal diversity in the family were analyzed to assess the utility of ITS sequences to resolve phylogenetic relationships. Previous studies using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology provided support for several clades in the Asteraceae, yet the relationships among some of these were uncertain. The results from ITS analysis were largely consistent with these earlier studies. The New Zealand species are included in at least six clades, most of these corresponding to recognized tribes. Our results have also clarified the tribal affinities of a few anomalous genera. Haastia, previously aligned with the Gnaphalieae or the Astereae, is nested in the Senecioneae. Centipeda, previously included in the Astereae or Anthemideae, emerges near the Heliantheae. The relationships of Abrotanella remain unresolved. Received August 8, 2001 Accepted November 6, 2001     

Phylogenetic relationships of the Physciaceae inferred from rDNA sequence data and selected phenotypic characters

The monophyletic origin of the ascomycete family Physciaceae, its position within the Lecanorales and the phylogenetic structure within the family were investigated using nuclear rDNA sequence analyses. The common origin of the Caliciaceae and Physciaceae as previously shown (Wedin et al 2000) was confirmed. Further it could be shown that the Caliciaceae are nested within the Physciaceae. A unique region in loop 37 of the SSU rRNA secondary structure model was identified, which characterizes the Physciaceae/Caliciaceae. The SSU rDNA sequence data did not support a particular relationship with any other Lecanoralean family. Analyses of ITS rDNA sequences revealed a bifurcation of the Physciaceae/Caliciaceae clade, which was found to be congruent with the distribution of certain morphological characters. The congruence with the ITS phylogeny demonstrated the phylogenetic significance of ascus type, hypothecium pigmentation, ascospore characters and excipulum type. Fine-structure details of ascospores and the structure of excipula were found to be important in the recognition of convergences in these traits. Other previously used characters, i.e., growth habit, certain ascospore types or structure of the upper cortex, were found to be of multiple origins within the Physciaceae. All monophyletic lineages of noncrustose growth habit exhibit uniform ascospore types, indicating a higher evolutionary age of ascospore types than foliose growth habit. The taxonomic segregation of the Physciaceae into the Physciaceae and Caliciaceae is proposed here.     

Phylogenetic relationships ofPseudopanax species (Araliaceae) inferred from parsimony analysis of rDNA sequence data and morphology

Sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA and data from morphology, cytology and wood anatomy are used to study phylogenetic relationships inPseudopanax. The molecular and non-molecular data are analysed as independent data sets and in combination using parsimony. Results supported the conclusion that the genusPseudopanax is polyphyletic.Pseudopanax species emerge in two major monophyletic groups. The Anomalus group containsPseudopanax anomalus, P. edgerleyi, andP. simplex; these species share a common ancestor withCheirodendron trigynum and more distantly withPseudopanax gunnii. The second major group consists of two smaller groups: the Arboreus group, includingPseudopanax arboreus, P. colensoi, P. kermadecensis, P. laetus, andP. macintyrei, and the Crassifolius/Discolor group, includingP. chathamicus, P. crassifolius, P. discolor, P. ferox, P. gilliesii, P. lessonii, andP. linearis. Meryta species are close relatives of thePseudopanax Arboreus and Crassifolius/Discolor groups.     

Phylogenetic relationships of the Far Eastern Araliaceae inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear rDNA

In eight species of the family Araliaceae, inhabiting the territory of the Russian Far East, the sequences of ITS regions of nuclear rDNA were determined. A comparison of these sequences enabled establishment of phylogenetic relationships between the Far Eastern and other members of the family. It was demonstrated that Aralia sensu populations from Primorye and Sakhalin were genetically different and, hereby, could be classified as interspecific taxa. Aralia continentalis along with A. cordata were attributed to the section Aralia sensu. Oplopanax elaus and O. horridus were found to be very close to each other, possibly being the subspecies of one species or relatively young species. Legitimacy of the isolation of two sections within the genus Eleutherococcus was confirmed.     

Phylogenetic relationships of the genera Arthroderma and Nannizzia inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis

The phylogenetic relationship of the genera Arthroderma and Nannizzia, was investigated by mitochondrial DNA analysis based on the restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms. Phylogenetic trees made on ten species. A. benhamiae, A. insingulare, A. quadrifidum, A. simii, A. vanbreuseghemii, N. fulva, N. grubyia, N. gypsea, N. incurvata and N. otae showed no definite distinctions between the genera Arthroderma and Nannizzia. These results support the conclusion of Weitzman et al. that the genera Arthroderma and Nannizzia are congeneric.     

Phylogenetic relationships of Loasaceae subfamily Gronovioideae inferred from matK and ITS sequence data

Members of subfamily Gronovioideae are distinctive among Loasaceae in their androecial and gynoecial simplicity. The four genera of the subfamily differ, however, in chromosome number, floral novelties, and pollen exine sculpturing, which led to suggestions that the Gronovioideae were polyphyletic. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear rDNA have been conducted using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods to assess the monophyly of Gronovioideae and to determine the sister group relationships of gronovioid genera. The results show Gronovioideae are monophyletic and placed as the sister to Mentzelia. Within Gronovioideae, Petalonyx is sister to a clade consisting of Cevallia, Gronovia, and Fuertesia. Among the remaining Loasaceae, subfamily Mentzelioideae, as originally circumscribed, is paraphyletic. Subfamily Loasoideae is placed as the sister to the Gronovioideae-Mentzelia clade.     

Phylogenetic relationships among genera in theLiliaceae-Asparagoideae-Polygonatae s.l. inferred fromrbcL gene sequence data

The chloroplast gene encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase (rbcL) was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis of 13 species (10 genera) in the tribePolygonatae s.l. of theLiliaceae-Asparagoideae. The data were analysed using maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods. There were 233 phylogenetically informative sites out of 1368 base pairs compared. The results suggest that there are three monophyletic groups withinPolygonatae s.l. with high bootstrap confidence values. Group A representsPolygonatae s.str., with generaMaianthemum, Smilacina, Convallaria, Disporopsis, andPolygonatum. Group B containsUvularia andDisporum and group C includesStreptopus, Tricyrtis, Clintonia, andProsartes. The study suggests thatPolygonatae s.l. are not a monophyletic group, including at least three groups of different phylogenetic origin. Monophyly of the taxa within groups A, B, and C is supported by the high bootstrap confidence values (85–100%) of the bootstrap replications for both parsimony and neighbour-joining methods. The differences between each group (calculated as 100x base substitutions per site) were 6.99–9.03 for group A and B, 4.92–7.35 for A and C, and 6.66–7.57 for B and C.