TNF受体家族介导的细胞凋亡信号转导

肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）家族是一类多功能的细胞因子,具有诱导细胞凋亡、抗病毒、免疫调节等多种生物学活性.其中一些成员可以通过和细胞膜上相应受体（即TNF受体家族成员）结合,启动细胞内的凋亡机制,而诱导细胞凋亡.一些蛋白质（如TRADD、FADD、RIP、RAIDD等）参与这些信号传递过程.越来越多的TNF家族成员、TNF受体以及与细胞凋亡相关的Caspase蛋白酶家族成员被人们发现.     

TNF-α信号传导通路的分子机理

肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α）是一种具有多效生物学效应的细胞因子.TNF的生物学效应都是通过细胞表面的2种TNF受体（TNFR）引发,其信号传导通路主要包括caspase家族介导的细胞凋亡、衔接蛋白TRAF介导的转录因子NF-κB和JNK蛋白激酶的活化.TNFR1和TNFR2的生物学功能不是独立的,许多生物学活性由二者共同完成.3条信号传导通路之间及各通路内部含有各种调节机制,使TNF的各种生物学功能协调发挥出来.本文评述了3条信号传导通路最新进展、关键激酶的研究状况及其在整个信号网络中的作用机理,如IKK的激活以及重要的信号转导分子RIP、TRAF2、TRUSS的结构、相互作用的方式等     

受体相互作用蛋白3——细胞凋亡与坏死的调节阀

综述了受体相互作用蛋白(RIPs)蛋白结构和RIP3调控细胞凋亡与坏死机制的研究进展．受体相互作用蛋白3(receptor-interacting protein 3, RIP3)是丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族成员之一,该蛋白质家族包含一类高度保守的丝/苏氨酸激酶结构域．RIP家族激酶作为细胞应激传感分子,在调控细胞凋亡、细胞坏死和存活通路中发挥重要作用．近年发现,RIP3参与肿瘤坏死因子TNFα诱导的细胞程序化坏死的生物学过程．认识RIP3调控TNFα诱导的细胞凋亡与坏死不同死亡途径转换的分子机制,有助于发现肿瘤治疗的新策略．     

Rho GTPases与肿瘤

Rho GTPases参与调控细胞的多种关键生物学行为,特别是细胞的生长、细胞骨架的形成、转录调节等生物学过程. 在肿瘤的发生发展中Rho GTPases也扮演了重要的角色．本文将回顾Rho GTPases的调控（包括经典及非经典调控方式）及其关键成员（RhoA、Cdc42及Rac1）与临床肿瘤的研究进展,特别是它们参与调控肿瘤的增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡等恶性生物学行为,从而为研发靶向Rho GTPases的小分子/基因药物了奠定基础．     

RIP3蛋白的研究进展

受体相互作用蛋白-3是丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族成员（RIPs）之一,该蛋白家族作为细胞重要应激传感分子,在调控细胞存活、细胞凋亡和细胞坏死通路中发挥重要作用.近年研究发现,RIP3参与肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α诱导的细胞程序性坏死生物学过程,是TNF-α诱导的细胞凋亡与坏死不同死亡途径转换的关键开关分子.本文就RIP3分子的发现、结构特点、细胞亚定位、生理功能及其分子机制进行综述,并对RIP3分子的研究进行了展望.     

FHL家族与肿瘤的关系

FHL（four and half LIM domains）是LIM-only蛋白家族的重要成员。FHL家族包括FHLl-FHL5共5个成员,它们具有组织特异性。研究发现,FHL参与转录调节、信号转导、凋亡等,是细胞生长、分化的重要调节因子。已证实FHLl、FHL2与不同组织来源肿瘤的发生和发展有关。FHL表达水平是某些肿瘤预后的相关因素。研究FHL与肿瘤的关系,有利于阐明肿瘤的病理生理机制。     

胞内接头蛋白TRAFs家族

肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor,TNF）受体相关因子（receptor-associated factor,TRAF）家族是一类胞内接头蛋白,能介导TNF受体和Toll-like／IL-1受体超家族成员与多种下游信号通路包括NF—κB（nuclear factor κB）和JNK（Jun N-terminal kinase）的信号传导。TRAF蛋白家族参与调控细胞增殖、分化乃至凋亡等生理过程。由于其在信号通路中的关键作用,TRAFS蛋白的失调与多种疾病的发生相关。本文结合最新的研究进展对TRAFs蛋白家族在信号传导通路中的地位进行介绍,并探讨了TRAFs及其相关蛋白在临床上可能的应用前景。     

治疗性抗TNFα 抗体的研究进展

肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα) 是一种多功能细胞因子,参与细胞的凋亡和存活、炎症反应、自身免疫等重要的生理过程,在类风湿性 关节炎、克罗恩病和银屑病等疾病的发生发展中扮演重要角色。这使得靶向TNFα 的治疗性药物研发成为这些疾病防治研究领域的热点, 其中尤以抗TNFα 抗体的效果最为显著,故而备受青睐。就TNFα 及其生物学功能、TNFα 受体及其信号通路、治疗性抗TNFα 抗体的 研发等加以综述。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.