外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者阴道菌群多样性研究

目的探讨外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者阴道菌群多样性的变化。方法采集育龄期女性健康受试者(control,CN,n=50)、细菌性阴道病患者(Bacterial vaginosis,BV,n=50)、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者(Vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC,n=48)、细菌性阴道病合并外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者(Bacterial vaginosis in combination of vulvovaginal candidiasis,BVC,n=32)的阴道拭子,提取细菌基因组DNA,而后应用25%~55%变性梯度的PCR-DGGE进行指纹图谱分析。结果阴道菌群指纹图谱结果显示,VVC组中阴道优势菌群与CN组基本一致,但与BV组和BVC组比较差异均有统计学意义。结论外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病阴道菌群多样性无明显变化。     

外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病伴发支原体及沙眼衣原体感染的研究

为研究外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(Vulvovaginal Candidiasis,VVC)患者合并支原体和衣原体感染情况,对86例复发性VVC(recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis,RVVC)患者、219例单纯性VVC患者以及健康妇女200例,分别进行解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,Uu)、人型支原体(mycoplasma hominis,Mh)和沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)检测;所有VVC病例均进行真菌培养。RVVC组和单纯VVC组与对照组之间Uu、Mh及Uu混合Mh阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。而三组之间CT和CT混合支原体阳性率比较,均无显著性差异(P0.05)。真菌培养阳性组与阴性组之间,Uu阳性率比较有显著性差异(P0.05),而CT阳性率比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果表明,VVC患者合并Uu感染较正常人群明显增高,假丝酵母菌与Uu混合感染可能导致VVC的发生和复发。     

外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的阴道清洁度观察

目的观察外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病阴道清洁度的情况。方法用湿片法进行阴道分泌物检查,随机选取1000例念珠菌阳性分泌物,对其阴道清洁度进行观察。结果1000例念珠菌阳性分泌物中,阴道清洁度Ⅳ度有606例,阴道清洁度Ⅲ度有279例,阴道清洁度Ⅱ度有82例,阴道清洁度Ⅰ度有33例。结论虽然大多数念珠菌阳性分泌物（88．5％）阴道清洁度异常（Ⅲ～Ⅳ度）,但仍然有少数念珠菌阳性分泌物（11．5％）阴道清洁度属于正常（Ⅰ～Ⅱ度）。这一结果应有助于临床妇产科医生在为患者做常规妇检、在外观性状上对阴道分泌物作判断时采取更加谨慎的态度。     

黄连总生物碱对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者阴道微生态影响

目的探讨黄连总生物碱治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)的疗效及对阴道微生态的影响。方法选取VVC非妊娠期患者101例,按照随机数表法分为观察组(50例)和对照组(51例),观察组使用黄连总生物碱阴道栓,对照组使用克霉唑阴道片,观察两种药物对VVC临床效果及对阴道微生态影响。结果观察组治愈率为83.67%,总有效率96.00%,对照组治愈率为86.00%,总有效率96.00为%,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组乳杆菌分级正常所占比例显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组VVC症状评分、分群密集度与多样性差异均无统计学意义。结论黄连总生物碱治疗VVC的临床疗效基本等同于克霉唑,在乳杆菌分级方面优于克霉唑。     

细菌性阴道病与外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者治疗前后阴道乳杆菌功能变化

探讨细菌性阴道病(BV)与外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)患者阴道乳杆菌的功能状态及治疗后阴道乳杆菌的重建情况, 为BV与VVC的乳杆菌补充治疗提供依据。

选取BV与VVC患者及正常对照组女性各30例, 采用前后对照、标准对照的方法, 通过检测患者治疗前后阴道乳杆菌功能(定植密度、乳杆菌分级、产酸能力、产H₂O₂能力、体外增殖能力)研究该阴道炎症状态下阴道乳杆菌功能的变化和重建情况。

BV患者阴道乳杆菌定植密度为(5.87±1.83)个/HP, 阴道乳杆菌分级正常比例仅为6.67%, H₂O₂阳性率53.33%, 24 h pH值为5.45, 24 h菌液浊度为23.7 MCF。BV患者治愈后阴道乳杆菌定植密度为(45.28±15.05)个/HP, 乳杆菌分级正常比例为54.55%, H₂O₂阳性率81.82%, 24 h pH值为4.49, 24 h菌液浊度为46.6 MCF。VVC患者阴道乳杆菌定植密度为(48.53±10.59)个/HP, 乳杆菌分级正常比例为73.33%, H₂O₂阳性率为80.00%, 24 h pH值为4.41, 24 h菌液浊度为52.2 MCF。VVC患者治愈后阴道乳杆菌定植密度为(47.95±10.28)个/HP, 乳杆菌分级正常比例为90.48%, H₂O₂阳性率85.71%, 24 h pH值为4.33, 24 h菌液浊度为51.3 MCF。

BV患者阴道乳杆菌功能减退, 治愈后未能完全重建, 需帮助恢复阴道乳杆菌功能状态。VVC患者阴道乳杆菌功能基本正常。

     

2013至2017年4 542例泌尿生殖系感染者NG、CT和UU感染特点分析

探讨淋球菌（NG）、沙眼衣原体（CT）和解脲脲原体（UU）三种性传播疾病（STD）病原体在宁夏泌尿生殖系感染者中的感染状况,为临床防治提供参考。选取2013年1月至2017年12月在宁夏医科大学总医院就诊的患者4 542例,其中男性3 561例,女性981例,应用实时荧光PCR法检测上述病原体,并分析结果。3种病原体总感染率为26.51%（1 204/4 542）,NG、CT、UU单一病原体感染率分别为26.31%、15.21%和35.70%,男、女感染率分别为23.48%和37.51%,感染率有性别差异（P＜0.01）,NG、CT感染率男性显著高于女性,UU感染率女性显著高于男性;混合感染率为3.32%（151/4 542）,男、女混合感染率分别为3.82%和153%,主要以CT+UU为主,NG+UU次之;从年龄分布来说,男性≤20岁年龄段感染率最高,女性21～30岁年龄段感染率最高;5年来NG、CT和UU感染率呈上升趋势。泌尿生殖系感染者中NG、CT、UU感染情况严重,男性易感NG和CT,女性易感UU,同时,混合感染也较常见,提示应同时检测多种病原体以防漏检。     

定君生治疗妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的观察

目的 探讨定君生联合两性霉素B对妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的临床疗效,为妊娠期的安全用药提供参考.方法 选取116例妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组单纯给予两性霉素B,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予定君生,分别于治疗后10、30和60 d对患者的临床疗效和阴道分泌物情况进行评价.结果 治疗后60 d治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(94.82％ vs 82.76％,P＜0.05);治疗后60d治疗组复发例数明显少于对照组(12.07％ vs 29.31％,P＜0.05).结论 定君生联合两性霉素B对妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的临床疗效显著,且其治疗效果维持时间长,可较好的预防患者复发.     

273株假丝酵母菌的初步研究

为了结合酵母菌资源的开发和利用,对分离自各种基物的273株假丝酵母属的菌株进行了研究。根据它们对四种碳源的同化情况,菌落特征,挑选了较有代表性的55株菌作了胞外蛋白酶的测试,并进行了菌种的初步鉴定。按Kreger-van Rij的分类分群标准,共获8个群。又从中选出13株菌鉴定到种,共有10个种,其中7个种为我国新纪录。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊对妊娠中晚期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者不良妊娠结局的预防作用

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊对妊娠中晚期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)患者不良妊娠结局的预防作用。方法将136例妊娠中晚期VVC患者随机分为联合组和对照组各68例。联合组患者予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊(0.25g/晚)及制霉菌素(50万IU/晚)联合阴道上药治疗(两药使用间隔4~6h);对照组患者予以单纯的制霉菌素阴道上药治疗,剂量及用法同联合组,两组均连用10d。观察并记录两组治疗后的临床效果,并比较两组不良妊娠结局。结果治疗结束后1个月,在临床总有效率方面联合组患者明显优于对照组(92.65%vs 80.88%)(χ2=4.10,P0.05);联合组患者在早产、胎膜早破和产褥病等不良妊娠结局发生率明显低于对照组(2.94%、4.41%、7.35%vs 11.76%、14.71%、19.12%)(χ2=3.89、4.17、4.10,P0.05),两组新生儿黄疸和低体重儿等不良妊娠结局发生率方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗妊娠中晚期VVC的疗效较确切,能明显改善其临床症状及特征,对早产、胎膜早破和产褥病等不良妊娠结局具有良好的预防作用。     

咪康唑栓联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊对妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者阴道微生态的影响

目的 探讨咪康唑栓联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊对妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）患者阴道微生态的影响及疗效观察。方法 选取产科门诊就诊的妊娠期VVC患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组患者予以咪康唑栓400 mg/晚,1次/d,阴道给药。观察组在对照组基础上加用乳酸菌阴道胶囊0.25 g/晨,1次/d,阴道给药,两组疗程均为10 d。治疗结束后2周复诊观察并记录两组治疗后的疗效及阴道乳酸菌数量的变化,并比较其母婴结局。结果 2周后复诊,观察组临床总有效率较对照组高（χ2=4.23,P0.05）。结论 咪康唑栓联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗妊娠期VVC患者的效果好,能增加阴道乳酸菌数量,恢复阴道微生态平衡,并可改善母婴结局,降低其早产、胎膜早破和产褥感染发生率。     

生殖道解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体的感染与输卵管妊娠关系探究

目的 探讨分析生殖道解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体的感染与输卵管妊娠的关系。方法 选取新疆医科大学第二附属医院2018年1月—6月妇科住院经腹腔镜手术证实输卵管妊娠并行患侧输卵管切除的患者作为研究组,同期腹腔镜下行妇科良性疾病输卵管或附件切除术者为对照组,分别采集两组宫颈管分泌物、输卵管组织进行解脲支原体培养以及沙眼衣原体检测,并作宫颈分泌物解脲支原体药敏试验。结果 输卵管妊娠组的宫颈分泌物及输卵管组织中解脲衣原体检出率（34.3%、30.2%）及沙眼衣原体的检出率（18.6%、16.2%）明显高于对照组宫颈分泌物及输卵管中解脲衣原体检出率（16.2%、6.9%）及沙眼衣原体的检出率（4.6%、2.3%）,对照组与实验组两组比较差异具有统计学意义（χ2=3.909、4.074、7.679、4.962,Ps＜0.05）。本研究22例宫颈解脲支原体感染中,解脲支原体对交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素的敏感率均高于80%。结论 输卵管妊娠与生殖道解脲支原体及沙眼衣原体感染有密切关系,临床工作中应尽早筛查和诊断,并根据药敏试验进行预防及合理治疗用药,减少输卵管妊娠的发生。     

Visual DNA microarrays for simultaneous detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis coupled with multiplex asymmetrical PCR

Visual DNA microarrays, based on gold label silver stain (GLSS) and coupled with multiplex asymmetrical PCR, were developed for simultaneous, sensitive and specific detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. 5'-end-amino-modified oligonucleotides, which were immobilized on glass surface, acted as capturing probes that were designed to bind complementary biotinylated targets DNA. The gold-conjugated streptavidins were introduced to the microarray for specific binding to biotin. The black image of microarray spots, resulting from the precipitation of silver onto nanogold particles bound to streptavidins, were used to detect biotinylated targets DNA visually or with a visible light scanner. Multiplex asymmetrical PCR of U. urealyticum, C. trachomatis and Bacillus subtilis (used as positive control) was performed to prepare abundant biotinylated single-stranded targets DNA, which affected detection efficiency and sensitivity of hybridization on microarray. Plenty of clinical samples of U. urealyticum and C. trachomatis from infected patients were tested using home-made DNA microarrays. For its high sensitivity, good specificity, simplicity, cheapness and speed, the present visual gene-detecting technique has potential applications in clinical fields.     

解脲脲原体感染与不孕不育

解脲脲原体是人类泌尿生殖道常见的寄生菌之一,它可以引起男女泌尿生殖道感染,其中最严重的后果认为可导致男女不孕不育。支原体感染是否与男性和女性的不孕不育有关,其致病的主要机制是什么,探讨这些问题对于防治解脲脲原体感染,减少及避免不孕不育疾病的发生有重要意义。本文对近年来关于解脲脲原体感染导致女性不孕和男性不育的机制进行了综合概述。     

The infection of monkeys with Ureaplasma urealyticum serovar VIII

The possibility of modeling chronic infection on monkeys by the injection of the culture of U. urealyticum, serotype VIII, was shown. The infection of monkeys with these microorganisms introduced in a single intraperitoneal injection resulted in the generalization of the process, which was manifested by the persistence and reproduction of the infective agent in the organs and blood of the animals for as long as 6 months (the term of observation). Lymphoid hyperplasia in the organs of immunogenesis and transitory immunomorphological reaction in the tissues of some organs of the urogenital system were noted. The localization of infective agents in some endocrine glands was not accompanied by disturbances in their function.     

Fabrication and optimization of the multiplex PCR-based oligonucleotide microarray for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum

To detect and identify the pathogens responsible for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) at the early stage of infection and with a high throughput, a new microarray with a bifunctional probe modification was prepared using Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum as a model system. During the fabrication of the microarray, an asymmetric fluorescently labeled multiplex PCR was introduced. The fabrication optimization proved that the best hybridization results would be obtained by spotting N. gonorrhoeae probe at a position near the side of the fluorescently labeled reverse primer within its target gene and spotting each probe at a concentration of 50 microM onto the aldehyde-derived glass slides using spotting solution S1 and using hybridization solution H2 for hybridization. The probes designed by our laboratory could specifically discriminate the pathogens of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum in the presence of the internal control on the microarray simultaneously and separately. By incorporating the key features of DNA microarray with those of multiplex PCR, the microarray provides a fast high throughput platform for multiple infections and multiple samples to be detected and identified simultaneously for STD clinics. It also provides a new platform for other diseases and gene mutations to be detected and identified at a high throughput.     

Host and pathogen interaction during vaginal infection by Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum

Vaginal infections by Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis have been shown to be associated. Since M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are similar pathogens, both belonging to the class of the mycoplasmata, we describe here a molecular study into the interdependence of U. urealyticum and T. vaginalis during infection. Susceptibility towards infection by U. urealyticum depends on genetic polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene. Now, we defined the relation between IL-1RA genotypes and infection by M. hominis and T. vaginalis. Finally, we also developed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) tool for mapping variation in the T. vaginalis AP33 adhesin in order to define putative associations between parasite subtype and mycoplasmata or host. Studies using crudepellets from T. vaginalis culture broth clearly confirm the association between T. vaginalis and M. hominis infection. The association between IL-1RA genotype 2,2 and lack of U. urealyticum infection is corroborated as well. U. urealyticum infection and infection by T. vaginalis are independent. Furthermore, T. vaginalis and M. hominis infection are not depending on IL-1RA genotypes. Interestingly, one of the three AP33 RFLP types identified appeared to be associated with the absence of U. urealyticum infection. In conclusion, the complex interaction between bacterial and parasitic pathogens and the infected host is determined by genetic characteristics of host and microorganisms involved.     

388例非淋菌性尿道炎患者Uu、CT感染情况分析

目的了解延安市非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者解脲支原体(Uu)和沙眼衣原体(CT)感染状况及其特点。方法采用实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术(FQ-PCR)对388例临床确诊的NGU患者的泌尿生殖道分泌物同时作Uu DNA和CT DNA检测。结果 388例NGU患者阳性检出率为62.11%,其中Uu、CT和混合感染的阳性检出率分别为23.20%、21.13%和17.78%。不同性别在不同病原体感染中有所差异,总体上女性感染率高于男性,但差异无显著性(P0.05);Uu单一感染中,女性感染率远高于男性,差异有极显著性(P0.01);CT单一感染中,男性感染率高于女性,差异有极显著性(P0.01);不同年龄感染情况显示,感染者主要集中在21~40岁年龄段,其中31~40岁年龄段阳性病例数最多。结论本地区NGU患者Uu的感染率稍高于CT,女性在性活跃期感染率较高。     

慢性阴道炎患者生殖道解脲脲原体和沙眼衣原体感染分析

目的通过荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测慢性阴道炎患者阴道内解脲脲原体(Uu)和沙眼衣原体(Ct)感染状况,用以指导临床正确治疗。方法应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应对380例慢性阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物进行解脲脲原体和沙眼衣原体PCR检测。结果解脲脲原体阳性率为42.9%,其阳性标本的平均拷贝数为3.4×105copies/ml,沙眼衣原体阳性率为16.6%,其阳性标本的平均拷贝数为5.8×104copies/ml,解脲脲原体和沙眼衣原体合并感染的阳性率为12.6%。结论PCR技术具有简便、快捷、准确的优点,是目前快速诊断慢性阴道炎患者Uu、Ct感染状况的可靠诊断方法之一。