β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因在大肠杆菌中共表达

【目的】β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶都属于半纤维素酶,它们已经同时运用于工农业生产的许多领域。构建β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶共表达菌株并进行相关评价。【方法】通过设计一个共同的酶切位点,将菌株Bacillus subtilis BE-91中的β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因串联到表达载体pET28a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌构建了一株能够共表达β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的菌株B.pET28a-man-xyl。【结果】菌株诱导21 h后,发酵液中β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的酶活分别为713.34 U/mL和1455.83 U/mL,是胞内酶活的11.8倍和2.53倍。【结论】SDS-PAGE分析、水解圈活性检测和胞外酶与胞内酶酶活检测表明:两个酶均以功能蛋白独立分泌到胞外。此外,与β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶单独酶解半纤维素相比,复合酶的酶解效果更好。菌株的成功构建为复合酶制剂(半纤维素酶制剂)的研究和生产奠定基础。     

Coexpression of β-mannanase and xylanase genes in Escherichia coli

[目的]β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶都属于半纤维素酶,它们已经同时运用于工农业生产的许多领域.构建β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶共表达菌株并进行相关评价.[方法]通过设计一个共同的酶切位点,将菌株Bacillus subtilis BE-91中的β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因串联到表达载体pET28a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌构建了一株能够共表达β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的菌株B.pET28a-man-xyl.[结果]菌株诱导21h后,发酵液中β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的酶活分别为713.34 U/mL和1455.83 U/mL,是胞内酶活的11.8倍和2.53倍.[结论]SDS-PAGE分析、水解圈活性检测和胞外酶与胞内酶酶活检测表明:两个酶均以功能蛋白独立分泌到胞外.此外,与β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶单独酶解半纤维素相比,复合酶的酶解效果更好.菌株的成功构建为复合酶制剂(半纤维素酶制剂)的研究和生产奠定基础.     

蛇毒的研究与利用——Ⅳ.浙江产蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys Pallas)蛇毒的柱层析分离及磷酸二酯酶的大规模纯化

应用二乙胺基乙基葡聚糖A-50和盐浓度梯度洗脱的方法,对浙江产蝮蛇毒进行了柱层析分离,获得14个蛋白峰,测定了磷酸二酯酶、磷酸单酯酶、5'-核苷酸酶、蛋白水解酶、氨基酸酯酶、L-氨基酸氧化酶、磷脂酶A、出血毒素、抗凝血活酶组份以及血纤溶酶样物质在蛋白质峰中的分布。介绍了一种大规模制备磷酸二酯酶的简便、经济的纯化方法,对用这种方法制备的酶制剂的某些主要质量标准进行了分析鉴定并与国外同类产品进行了比较,该酶用于人工合成核糖和脱氧核糖寡核苷酸的顺序分析获得了较为满意的结果。     

功能蛋白微阵列的作用

对蛋白质阵列的两大功能—分子识别和酶活测定进行了阐述.其中前者包括蛋白质-D N A间的相互作用、蛋白质-蛋白质复合体的相互作用、蛋白质-小分子之间的相互作用;后者包括阵列蛋白作为底物来测酶活、阵列蛋白作为酶的酶活.     

分离植物原生质体的纤维素酶的制备及性质

EA_3-867纤维素酶是由绿色木霉变异株EA_3-867,用稻草粉发酵提取,经过饱和硫酸铵沉淀,分子筛脱盐,冰冻干燥制成的。酶制剂在水中溶解度高,酶活力较稳定,它含有纤维素酶(C_1,C_x)、果胶酶、半纤维素酶等组分,是一种比较理想的分离植物原生质体的复合酶。我们用EA_3-867酶制剂已从20多种植物材料中分离出大量完整的原生质体,并把烟草的叶肉组织或愈伤组织的原生质体培养分化成植株。EA_3-867纤维素酶制剂的成功制备为我国进一步开展植物原生质体和体细胞杂交等研究提供了有利条件。     

体外模拟猪胃条件下木聚糖酶活力稳定性研究

木聚糖酶是饲用复合酶制剂的主要酶系之一,本实验对某木聚糖酶在体外模拟猪胃条件下酶活力的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明:实验所用酶最适温度为50℃左右,最适pH为5.5左右;酶的耐热性能比较好,pH稳定性范围为5～8,体外模拟猪胃条件下木聚糖酶稳定性实验表明,酶活损失较大,经不同方法处理木聚糖酶,酶活损失百分率大小顺序为:胃蛋白酶<新鲜猪胃液<胃蛋白酶+金属离子.     

酶解法去除胭脂虫红色素提取液中蛋白工艺研究

本文对酶解胭脂虫体内蛋白工艺过程进行了研究,首先通过实验筛选出了木瓜蛋白酶为酶制剂,重点在单因素实验的基础上,选用了Box—Benhnken响应面分析法,得到了酶解工艺过程优化工艺条件：加酶量为3％、酶解时间为5h、温度为45℃、溶液pH值为5,水解率为4．72％。     

M-26碱性木聚糖酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

从Bacillus pumilus M-26发酵液中分离纯化碱性木聚糖酶,进行酶学性质研究,同时制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶制剂。首先将M-26发酵液进行硫酸铵盐析,制备工业用碱性木聚糖酶干品;然后进行sephadexG-25层析脱盐和cellulose DE-52层析得以纯化。硫酸铵的饱和度50%,酶制剂的酶活可达9 000 IU/g,收率为85%;分离纯化使酶的比活为126.32 IU/mg蛋白,纯化倍数为19.89,酶的回收率12.83%;分子量约为20 ku;M-26碱性木聚糖酶的最适温度和pH分别是55℃和pH 8.0,具有一定的耐碱性;该酶无纤维素酶活性,Fe2＋对其有激活作用;Mn2＋、Zn2＋、Fe3＋、Cu2＋对其具有抑制作用。短小芽胞杆菌M-26碱性木聚糖酶具有纸浆生物漂白应用前景。     

一种金针菇核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化研究

获得一种为研究其他菌类核糖体失活蛋白的对照品,并论述一种金针菇核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化及其活性的研究结果。实验中采用了DEAE和CM-离子交换纤维素与Bio-Gel 100柱层析方法。从1 000 g新鲜金针菇中得到5.58 mg的核糖体失活蛋白-Velutin,并证明其具有明显的抑制蛋白质的翻译作用,同时简要介绍了它的应用及展望。分离纯化到具有活性的Velutin,分子量为13.8 ku。     

不同产纤维素酶菌种特定底物培养产酶活力比较

纤维素酶是由几种不同酶组成的复合酶系,由于酶催化反应底物的复杂性,从不同霉菌和不同底物发酵分离得到的纤维素酶组分和酶活力有着很大差别.本论文的主要目的主要是针对不同底物和不同霉菌进行产纤维素酶活力比较评价.实验选用CGMCC3.3002 和CICC13048 两种菌,使用液体发酵法在微晶纤维素和糠醛渣两种底物上进行产酶培养,在特定的时间测定其产的纤维素酶的纤维二糖酶活力、内切葡聚糖酶活力、外切葡聚糖酶活力以及滤纸酶活.产滤纸酶活比较高的菌株CGMCC3.3002,以糠醛渣为特定底物的滤纸酶活要高于微晶纤维素特定底物,且CGMCC3.3002 在微晶纤维素和糠醛渣底物的酶活力差异较大,该菌株可通过紫外诱变使其酶活力更高,有望用于糠醛渣生产燃料乙醇的过程中.     

1,3‐Regiospecific ethanolysis of soybean oil catalyzed by crosslinked porcine pancreas lipase aggregates

The preparation of crosslinked aggregates of pancreatic porcine lipase (PPL‐CLEA) was systematically studied, evaluating the influence of three precipitants and two crosslinking agents, as well as the use of soy protein as an alternative feeder protein on the catalytic properties and stability of the immobilized PPL. Standard CLEAs showed a global yield (CLEA’ observed activity/offered total activity) of less than 4%, whereas with the addition of soy protein (PPL:soy protein mass ratio of 1:3) the global yield was approximately fivefold higher. The CLEA of PPL prepared with soy protein as feeder (PPL:soy protein mass ratio of 1:3) and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking reagent (10 μmol of aldehyde groups/mg of total protein) was more active mainly because of the reduced enzyme leaching in the washing step. This CLEA, named PPL‐SOY‐CLEA, had an immobilization yield around 60% and an expressed activity around 40%. In the ethanolysis of soybean oil, the PPL‐SOY‐CLEA yielded maximum fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) concentration around 12‐fold higher than that achieved using soluble PPL (34 h reaction at 30°C, 300 rpm stirring, soybean oil/ethanol molar ratio of 1:5) with an enzyme load around 2‐fold lower (very likely due to free enzyme inactivation). The operational stability of the PPL‐SOY‐CLEA in the ethanolysis of soybean oil in a vortex flow type reactor showed that FAEE yield was higher than 50% during ten reaction cycles of 24 h. This reactor configuration may be an attractive alternative to the conventional stirred reactors for biotransformations in industrial plants using carrier‐free biocatalysts. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:910–920, 2018     

Enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction of arachidonic acid rich lipids from Mortierella alpina

A novel method for efficient arachidonic acid rich lipids extraction was investigated. Six different enzymes (papain, pectinase, snailase, neutrase, alcalase and cellulase) were used to extract lipids from Mortierella alpina. The effects of enzyme concentration, temperature and hydrolysis time on oil recovery were evaluated using factorial experimental design and polynomial regression for each enzyme. Hydrolysis time is found to be the most important parameter for all enzymes. The ratios of enzyme mixtures were also studied. It showed that the mixtures of pectinase and papain (5:3, v/v), pectinase and alcalase (5:1, v/v) were better combined effects on oil yields. The effects of hydrolysis time and temperature were then analyzed by response surface methodology, and oil recoveries were satisfactory (104.6% for pectinase and papain and 101.3% for pectinase and alcalase). In the whole process, the lipid composition was not affected by the enzyme treatments according to fatty acid profile.     

烟梗为原料固态发酵生产果胶酶

以烟梗为主要原料,采用单因素和正交实验对筛选到的丝状菌JXY-17固态发酵产果胶酶的培养基进行了优化,正交实验结果表明,影响该菌株产果胶酶的因素依次为含水量(料水比)(A)＞(NH4)2SO4(B)＞KH2PO4(D)＞吐温-80(C),产酶培养基组成为A3B2C2D1,即固液比1∶1.5,(NH4)2SO4 5.0％,吐温-80 0.10％,KH2 PO40.20％.采用该固态发酵培养基,自然pH,接种量25 mL,装料量为50 g(干基)/1000 mL三角瓶,30℃恒温培养6d,产酶最高达8171.35U/g干曲,为初始酶活的3.8倍.提取酶液后的残余烟梗还可用于提取烟梗纤维类物质.残余烟梗的化学成分检测结果表明,与原始烟梗(或对照)相比,其果胶质降低了45％左右,残余烟梗固形物回收率约50％.     

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectinase enzyme from guava (Psidium guajava) peel: Enzyme recovery,specific activity,temperature, and storage stability

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions on the yield, specific activity, temperature, and storage stability of the pectinase enzyme from guava peel. The ultrasound variables studied were sonication time (10–30 min), ultrasound temperature (30–50°C), pH (2.0–8.0), and solvent-to-sample ratio (2:1 mL/g to 6:1 mL/g). The main goal was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize the recovery of pectinase from guava peel with the most desirable enzyme-specific activity and stability. Under the optimum conditions, a high yield (96.2%), good specific activity (18.2 U/mg), temperature stability (88.3%), and storage stability (90.3%) of the extracted enzyme were achieved. The optimal conditions were 20 min sonication time, 40°C temperature, at pH 5.0, using a 4:1 mL/g solvent-to-sample ratio. The study demonstrated that optimization of ultrasound-assisted process conditions for the enzyme extraction could improve the enzymatic characteristics and yield of the enzyme.     

赤芍中芍药苷提取工艺的优化

本文提出一条从赤芍中提取芍药苷的工艺,包括醇水溶液回流提取、液液分配、硅胶柱层析等工序,并对各工序的操作条件进行了优化。采用优化后的提取工艺,可得到纯度大于97.0%的芍药苷产品,总回收率超过87.0%。本工艺具有产品纯度高、操作简单、成本低、回收率高、易于工业化等优点。     

Combined effect of operational variables and enzyme activity on aqueous enzymatic extraction of oil and protein from soybean

The individual effect of two different enzymes-protease and cellulase-on oil and protein extraction yields combined with other process parameters-enzyme concentration, time of hydrolysis, particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio-was evaluated by Response Surface Methodology. The selection of the enzymes for the study was based on preliminary experiments that showed higher increments in the extraction yield with the use of the two enzymes when compared to hemicellulase and pectinase. The levels of the quantitative parameters studied were: i) enzyme concentration: 0.1, 0.45, 2 w/w %; ii) liquid-to-solid ratio: 0.05, 0.125, 0.2; iii) mean particle size: 212.5, 449.5, 855 μm; iv) time of hydrolysis: 30; 60; 120 min. Experimental data for both oil and protein extraction yields obtained with and without enzymes correlated very well with process parameters (P < 0.0001), resulting in models with high coefficient of determination for oil and protein extraction yields (r(2) = 0.9570 and r(2) = 0.9807, respectively). The use of protease resulted in significantly higher yields over the control (protein yield increased from 27.8 to 66.2%, oil yield increased from 41.8 to 58.7%) only when heat treated flour was used, or when non-heat treated flour with large particle sizes was used in the extraction. The yields of protein and oil from non-heat treated material in general decreased slightly with the use of enzymes.     

Evaluation ofKluyveromyces marxianus for the production of lactase simultaneously to pectinase or inulinase

Summary Five strains ofK. marxianus were evaluated for the production of intracellular lactase, intra and extracellular pectinase and intra and extracellular inulinase. The strain NRRL-Y-1109 showed the highest lactase activity, but the strain CDBB-L-278 produced notably higher activities of inulinase and pectinase than the rest of the strains tested. The strain CDBB-L-278 was selected for the simultaneous production of two enzymes. Two enzymes fermentations were achieved with productions of 44% lactase and 53% pectinase, or 26% lactase and 47% inulinase compared to the single enzyme levels.     

Validation of leaf and microbial pectinases: commercial launching of a new platform technology

Almost all current genetically modified plant commercial products are derived from seeds. The first protein product made in leaves for commercial use is reported here. Leaf pectinases are validated here with eight liquid commercial microbial enzyme products for textile or juice industry applications. Leaf pectinases are functional in broad pH/temperature ranges as crude leaf extracts, while most commercial enzyme products showed significant loss at alkaline pH or higher temperature, essential for various textile applications. In contrast to commercial liquid enzymes requiring cold storage/transportation, leaf pectinase powder was stored up to 16 months at ambient temperature without loss of enzyme activity. Commercial pectinase products showed much higher enzyme protein PAGE than crude leaf extracts with comparable enzyme activity without protease inhibitors. Natural cotton fibre does not absorb water due to hydrophobic nature of waxes and pectins. After bioscouring with pectinase, measurement of contact‐angle water droplet absorption by the FAMAS videos showed 33 or 63 (leaf pectinase), 61 or 64 (commercial pectinase) milliseconds , well below the 10‐second industry requirements. First marker‐free lettuce plants expressing pectinases were also created by removal of the antibiotic resistance aadA gene. Leaf pectinase powder efficiently clarified orange juice pulp similar to several microbial enzyme products. Commercial pilot scale biomass production of tobacco leaves expressing different pectinases showed that hydroponic growth at Fraunhofer yielded 10 times lower leaf biomass per plant than soil‐grown plants in the greenhouse. Pectinase enzyme yield from the greenhouse plants was double that of Fraunhofer. Thus, this leaf‐production platform offers a novel, low‐cost approach for enzyme production by elimination of fermentation, purification, concentration, formulation and cold chain.     

酶法辅助超声波微波仪从胡桃青皮中提取胡桃醌的工艺研究

以胡桃青皮为原料,在优化酶解与超声波微波萃取仪提取条件下,用硅胶层析法制取胡桃醌,并检测其纯度和含量。经过对多种提取条件的优化,确定其最佳酶解条件为:1%纤维素酶和1%果胶酶各400μL等量混合,固液比1∶20,温度55℃,pH 6.2,时间15 h。最佳提取条件是以氯仿作提取剂,固液比1∶20;在超声波恒定条件下,超声波微波萃取仪处理15 min;设置温度分别为55、60、65℃,超声波功率800、900、1 000 W,微波功率200、250、300 W,超声波频率25 kHz,模式15∶10,电机转速900 r·min-1。硅胶柱干法上样,用氯仿和石油醚分阶段洗脱得到较纯的胡桃醌制品。光度计测得胡桃醌平均含量为0.49%,纯度为81.7%。     

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2发酵产抗菌脂肽消泡剂的筛选及脂肽的提取和纯化

将大豆油、有机硅消泡剂和聚醚类消泡剂3种消泡剂分别用于Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2抗菌脂肽发酵,研究表明大豆油既可以实现消泡,又有利于抗菌脂肽的发酵,使其产量达到了2497.67mg/L。经过提取得到纯度为55.68%的产品,提取率达到88.72%。此外还比较了不同大孔树脂对抗菌脂肽吸附和解吸附效果,发现大孔树脂X-5最适合抗菌脂肽的纯化。纯化的工艺参数为:上样浓度14.4mg/ml、上样速率1ml/min,洗脱速率2ml/min、洗脱剂用量2.5BV,产品的回收率达90.01%,纯度达74.4%。