区域经济-环境复合生态系统协调发展动态评价——以连云港为例

经济与环境协调发展评价是发展中国家可持续发展领域研究的热点问题。目前协调评价的模型取得了新的进展,但在应用方面多集中在现状评价,预测的案例较少;另外现有的研究多以经济子系统的发展水平与环境子系统的发展水平进行协调性评价,忽略了发展潜力这一重要变量。以连云港为分析案例,把发展潜力作为重要变量与发展水平变量相结合计算得到的综合发展指数纳入经济与环境协调评价模型中,并尝试根据系统历史与现状协调发展的演变规律运用GM(1,1)灰色模型预测系统未来的协调发展状态。现状评价与未来的预测结果表明:(1)1996—1999年连云港经济与环境系统从低级共生向环境资源的粗放利用转变;(2)2000—2006年,经济与环境的关系进入快速调整期,经济-环境复合生态系统综合发展指数不断增强,协调程度较上一阶段变化稳定;(3)到2007—2009年,环境对经济的限制作用将又逐渐显现;(4)2010—2015年,经济-环境复合生态系统整体协调度和综合发展指数都相应处于快速上升阶段。综合来看,1999年以后连云港经济-环境复合生态系统的协调度均处于0°以下,说明连云港在经济快速发展的初期往往是以环境破坏为代价的,因此在以后的发展中应主要处理好经济发展与环境保护的速度和公平问题。     

东北地区绿色发展水平时空动态演变与障碍因素

以"人地协调"发展理念和"过程+格局+机制"思维范式为切入点,构建了基于DPSIR模型的绿色发展水平指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS模型、障碍度模型和GIS空间可视化等方法对2008-2017年东北地区各城市的绿色发展水平时空分异特征与障碍因素进行实证研究。结果表明：①研究期内东北地区各城市绿色发展水平总体呈现从"小差距低水平"逐渐向"大差距高水平"转变的时序特征,空间分布大致呈现自北向南阶梯式递减的格局特征,且空间集聚效应显著。②东北地区各城市经济发展水平与绿色发展水平之间并非完全呈正相关关系,即,经济发展水平越高的城市,绿色发展水平不一定越高;而经济发展水平较低的城市,绿色发展反而达到较高的水平。这可能与区域资源环境承载力的大小有关。③东北地区各城市绿色发展水平时空分异的作用机制不尽相同,其中,资源禀赋条件、经济发展状况、政府投资规模在绿色发展水平的变化中起着重要的作用,同时也是导致东北地区绿色发展水平不同阶段呈现不同进化特征的主要原因。     

植物MYB转录因子在花药发育中的调控作用

MYB转录因子作为最大的转录因子家族之一,参与植物的生长发育、胁迫反应、产物代谢等过程,在植物花的发育特别是花药发育过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。花药的发育在植物繁殖后代中起关键作用,文中就MYB转录因子在花药绒毡层发育、花药开裂、花粉发育、糖类物质和激素途径等方面对花药发育过程中的调控作用进行总结,以期为植物花药发育调控机制及调控网络的深入研究提供可行的参考。     

中国沿海省区海洋绿色发展测度及影响机理

海洋绿色发展是海洋高质量发展的重要内容,坚持生态优先和资源可持续的绿色发展模式对于海洋可持续的意义重大。在梳理了海洋绿色发展概念与内涵基础上,以沿海11省市为研究对象,基于2006-2017年沿海各省市的面板数据,建立海洋绿色发展评价指标体系,通过可变模糊识别模型对海洋绿色发展水平进行测度,并运用Arcgis软件和马尔可夫空间模型对其进行时空演变分析,最后运用面板数据模型进行影响因素分析。结果表明：①2006-2017年我国海洋绿色发展水平一直保持增长趋势,总体提高了19.6%,但整体仍呈中等水平,且地区差异明显。在空间分布上,空间集聚特征依然明显,东南沿海地区总体海洋绿色发展水平相对较高,西南和东北部分地区海洋绿色发展水平相对较低。②从时空演化特征来看,上海、天津、山东的海洋绿色发展水平相对较高,河北、广西的海洋绿色发展水平相对较低。区域背景对海洋绿色发展类型转移具有显著影响,高水平区域背景对海洋绿色发展水平增长具有辐射、促进作用,而低水平区域背景对增长具有制约、减缓作用。③从外部因素来看,政府调控、陆域经济水平和开放程度对海洋绿色发展有正向显著影响,环境治理有负向显著影响;从内部因素来看,海洋产业结构、海洋管理和海洋资源利用都有正向显著影响。根据总结以上结论,针对不同地区的海洋绿色发展情况提出不同的发展途径与对策,为海洋绿色发展提供科学的参考依据。     

oto is a homeotic locus with a role in anteroposterior development that is partially redundant with Lim1.

Genetic control of mammalian head development involves mechanisms that are shared with trunk development as well as mechanisms that are independent. For example, mutations in the nodal gene disrupt axis formation and head development while mutations in the Otx2 or Lim1 genes block head development without disrupting development of the trunk. We show here that the oto mutation on mouse chromosome 1 defines a locus with a critical role in anterior development. The oto mutation disrupts development of the telencephalic and optic vesicles, the pharyngeal endoderm and the first branchial arch. Also, oto embryos have dose-dependent, posterior homeotic transformations throughout the axial skeleton. To further dissect the role of the oto locus in head development, we crossed mice carrying oto and Lim1 mutations. Interactions between the two mutations indicate that the role of oto in the regulation of head development is partially redundant with that of Lim1. The phenotype of oto embryos points to an early and critical role for oto in the development of forebrain subregions. Transformations of the vertebrae in oto embryos reveal a Lim1-independent role in the establishment of positional information in the trunk.     

福建省生态环境与高质量发展耦合关系及驱动机制

研究生态环境与高质量发展耦合关系时空演变及驱动机制,对实现可持续发展、构建生态文明体系和建设美丽中国具有重要意义。综合构建了生态环境-高质量发展指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型、空间马尔科夫链和BP神经网络-地理加权回归组合模型,系统探讨2005-2020年福建省生态环境与高质量发展耦合关系的时空演变及驱动机制。结果表明：（1）研究期间,福建省生态环境指数整体稳定,而高质量发展指数呈现先降低后上升的变化趋势,二者在空间上的组合关系整体呈现错位特征。（2）福建省县域生态环境与高质量发展指标之间的耦合关系呈先降低后上升的趋势,且呈现明显的空间异质性。（3）协调发展和绿色发展是驱动生态环境质量提高的关键因素,其影响程度呈"圈层式"空间分布特征。     

Muscle development during vertebrate limb outgrowth

Limb development has become one of the model systems for studying vertebrate development. One crucial aspect in limb development is the origin, differentiation and patterning of muscle. Much progress has been made in recent years towards understanding this process. One of the general observations is that the genes involved in limb muscle development appear to be very similar to those involved in muscle development in other regions of the embryo. In this review, we summarize some of the genes and mechanisms that regulate limb muscle development and discuss various avenues along which a deeper understanding can be gained of how muscle cells originate and differentiate in different tissues during vertebrate development.     

基于NLPCA-GSO可持续发展评价——以环渤海区域为例

区域可持续发展水平、发展的持续性和系统的协调性是区域可持续发展定量评价研究的三角构架,而在传统上基于各子系统主成分分析结果直接进行形色各异的加权计算对可持续发展评价而言是有待商榷的。提出了非线性主成分分析和施密特正交化(NLPCA-GSO)相耦合的方法评价区域的可持续发展水平来弥补传统方法的不足,并由此建立区域发展持续性模型和可持续发展系统协调度模型,再以环渤海区域为实证分析其2001—2010年的可持续发展状况。结果表明:基于NLPCA-GSO的可持续发展水平模型可以很好地弥补传统主成分分析及对各子系统结果的综合评价的不足;区域发展持续性模型、协调性模型和区域可持续系统变化的滤波分析形象地揭示区域可持续发展的实质和内涵;实证研究表明环渤海区域在研究时段内可持续发展水平有所上升,而环境子系统持续性的下降是引起区域发展持续性和系统协调度的变化的主要原因。研究结果可丰富区域可持续发展评价的方法学,也可为环渤海区域的可持续发展研究奠定基础。     

WOX转录因子在植物发育中的作用

WOX(WUSCHEL-related homeobox)转录因子与植物发育密切相关,包括植物胚胎发育和体胚发生、花和根发育、愈伤组织的形成和维持,以及干细胞维持等过程。越来越多的研究表明WOX在植物发育过程中扮演着极其重要的角色。WOX调控植物发育的机理研究在促进植物发育以及构建植物良好表型等研究提供了突破口。本文主要对WOX调控植物发育的相关研究进行综述,并结合表观遗传学调控,探讨了WOX调控植物发育的过程,以期为WOX转录因子调控植物的作用机制提供启示。     

The BMP antagonist follistatin-like 1 is required for skeletal and lung organogenesis

Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a secreted protein of the BMP inhibitor class. During development, expression of Fstl1 is already found in cleavage stage embryos and becomes gradually restricted to mesenchymal elements of most organs during subsequent development. Knock down experiments in chicken and zebrafish demonstrated a role as a BMP antagonist in early development. To investigate the role of Fstl1 during mouse development, a conditional Fstl1 KO allele as well as a Fstl1-GFP reporter mouse were created. KO mice die at birth from respiratory distress and show multiple defects in lung development. Also, skeletal development is affected. Endochondral bone development, limb patterning as well as patterning of the axial skeleton are perturbed in the absence of Fstl1. Taken together, these observations show that Fstl1 is a crucial regulator in BMP signalling during mouse development.     

基于主体功能区的长江经济带绿色发展评价与问题区域识别

长江经济带已成为我国推进绿色发展的重要阵地。基于主体功能区视角,构建以水系统为纽带的长江经济带绿色发展评价指标体系,采用综合加权法、空间自相关、耦合协调度模型等方法探究2018年长江经济带130个城市绿色发展及各子系统耦合协调水平的空间格局,并对绿色发展的问题区域进行分类识别。结果表明：(1)长江经济带绿色发展水平呈由下游、中游至上游递减趋势;各主体功能区绿色发展指数表现为优化开发区>限制开发区>重点开发区。(2)绿色发展各子系统耦合协调度值位于0.365—0.656之间,多处于濒临失调和勉强协调的临界区间,耦合协调水平整体偏低。(3)从长江经济带整体来看,长江中上游地区绝大部分城市绿色发展主要受资源利用和产业发展水平偏低,及由此带来的生态和生活问题限制,且长江中上游地区各省会或直辖市对区域内其他城市绿色发展带动能力不足。从主体功能区视角来看,优化开发区以生态问题为主,仅上海和嘉兴两市;重点开发区以生态和生产问题为主,集中于武汉都市圈和成渝双城经济圈内部;限制开发区以生产和生活问题为主,主要位于省际边界型城市地区。最后综合问题识别结果,分别对长江经济带各主要问题区域绿色发展...     

Ecological suitability evaluation for mountainous area development based on conceptual model of landscape structure,function, and dynamics

Minimizing the ecological impact of land development is a fundamental principle of sustainable development. Ecological suitability assessment is the key to realizing sustainability and is also significant for optimizing spatial patterns of territorial development. Especially in mountainous areas where the ecosystem is both vulnerable and important, quantitative evaluation of ecological suitability for land development is particularly important and urgent given current development strategy of urban construction in mountainous areas in China. Taking Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, a representative urban construction zone in a mountainous area in Yunnan Province, China, as a study area, and based on the fundamental theory of structural and functional dynamics from landscape ecology, this study has explored the integrated ecological resistance (IER) conceptual model and constructed an index system with aspects of ecological elements, ecological importance, and ecological resilience. The results showed that: (1) the ecological suitability level was higher in the north than in the south and higher in the east than in the west, as well as higher in the Bazi region than in mountainous areas. Dali City, Binchuan County, and Xiangyun County had large ecological suitable zones for development and construction. Foci of ecological resistance having strong ecological constraints were mainly concentrated in Heqing County and in various other places; (2) by combining the integrated ecological resistance and arable land distributions, the study area was zoned into five regions: prior development zone, moderate development zone, potential development zone, restricted development zone, and forbidden development zone. Moderate, potential, and restricted development zones occupied most of the area, accounting for 28.89%, 24.69%, and 21.40%, respectively, whereas prior development zones accounted for only 8.91%; (3) based on the areal proportions of ecological suitability zoning, the 12 counties of Dali Prefecture can be grouped into three categories: prior areas for conservation, comprehensive development areas, and prior areas for development. Xiangyun County and Binchuan County should be regarded as key areas of Dali Prefecture for urban construction in mountainous areas. This research has explored an ecological suitability evaluation system from the perspective of landscape ecology and made fully understanding of ecological suitability factors in the study area, which provided a good reference to ecological suitability evaluation for mountainous area development in the worldwide.     

Development of orientation preference in the mammalian visual cortex.

Recent experiments have studied the development of orientation selectivity in normal animals, visually deprived animals, and animals where patterns of neuronal activity have been altered. Results of these experiments indicate that orientation tuning appears very early in development, and that normal patterns of activity are necessary for its normal development. Visual experience is not needed for early development of orientation, but is crucial for maintaining orientation selectivity. Neuronal activity and vision thus seem to play similar roles in the development of orientation selectivity as they do in the development of eye-specific segregation in the visual system.     

基于集对分析的京津冀区域可持续发展协调能力评价

区域发展的协调能力是区域可持续发展的重要表征之一。采用社会经济各相关部门的统计数据及资料,构建区域可持续发展评价指标和各级评价标准,利用集对分析中的同异反态势排序的协调发展评价模型实证分析了京津冀地区2000—2010年间的可持续发展协调能力。结果表明:(1)2000—2004年间北京和天津属于不协调发展,2006—2010年逐渐步入弱协调发展,但研究时段内河北省始终为不协调发展。(2)京、津和冀协调能力指数2010年相比2000年分别提高27.86%、8.87%和18.51%,各省域协调发展改善均不明显且步伐不一。(3)对京津冀区域各省域的发展提出了具体建议,但仍要加强各地区的合作和明确各自功能地位尤其重要。研究结果可以为京津冀整体规划的制定及实施提供科学依据和指导,也为环渤海经济圈可持续发展研究奠定了基础。     

长三角区域经济社会与生态环境协调发展时空特征及相关性

地区间发展不平衡是制约区域协调发展战略落实的重要障碍之一。基于2010—2019年长三角区域41个地级市的面板数据,构建了包含经济发展、科教事业、基础建设、人民生活、资源环境5个子系统的区域协调发展指标体系,借助GeoDa和ArcGIS软件,运用区域协调发展测度模型、探索性空间数据分析等方法,探讨区域协调发展的时空演变特征及各要素内部相关性。结果表明: 从区域发展的角度来看,长三角区域的发展协调性逐年增强。2010—2019年,上海市、苏州市等地区的经济发展、科教事业水平领先于其他城市,皖西北地区、舟山市、黄山市发展协调程度较弱。从空间自相关的角度来看,长三角区域各子系统平均自相关程度依次为人民生活＞经济发展＞资源环境＞科教事业＞基础建设。其中,经济发展与科教事业的全局莫兰指数呈下降趋势,科教事业没有呈现出显著相关性,基础建设的莫兰指数基本处于较低水平,不同年份浮动程度较大,人民生活在空间上具有明显的高-高与低-低集聚特征,资源环境的全局莫兰指数呈现“V”字形分布。经济建设和科教事业是与区域协调发展相关性最强的两种因素。     

俄罗斯东部城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空演变特征

以俄罗斯东部地区为对象,结合PES和PSR模型分别构建其城镇化和生态环境的评价指标体系,结合熵值赋权、变异系数赋权的综合确权法测算城镇化和生态环境的发展水平,利用耦合协调度模型探讨二者协调发展程度,划分其阶段类型。研究表明：2005-2018年,（1）俄东部城镇化发展水平呈上升趋势,经济城镇化的贡献份额最大;生态环境发展水平呈小幅下降态势,生态环境压力的影响作用最大;二者的耦合协调度呈增长趋势,但整体处于基本不协调阶段,其内部由城镇化滞后转变为系统均衡发展。（2）西伯利亚联邦区的城镇化发展水平高于远东联邦区,二联邦区生态环境发展水平差距较小,西伯利亚区协调发展程度略强于远东区;西伯利亚区内部由城镇化滞后→系统均衡发展,远东区内部始终为城镇化滞后。多数联邦主体处于基本不协调阶段、高级协调的数量最少。（3）空间上,城镇化、生态环境、二者协调发展度均呈"西高东低"的格局特征,核心高值区分布在新西伯利亚州-阿尔泰边疆区-克麦罗沃州-克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区-伊尔库茨克州的串联区,边缘低值区位于阿尔泰共和国和楚科奇自治区。最后探讨了促进俄东部城镇化和生态环境协调发展的具体对策。     

中国不同规模城市可持续发展综合评价

城市是一类社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,城市的可持续发展指标体系和评价方法是衡量城市经济、社会、环境状况及可持续发展能力的重要手段。采用全排列多边形综合图示法,以中国277个地级及地级以上城市为研究对象,建立了不同规模城市的可持续发展指标体系,包括经济发展、社会进步、生态环境3类24项指标,对其2000—2010年的可持续发展能力进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:从不同城市规模类型间横向对比分析来看,随着城市规模的增大,经济发展、社会进步和可持续发展综合指数相应提高,生态环境指数却随之下降。从不同规模城市类型内的时间序列分析对比来看,2000—2010年不同规模城市的经济发展、社会进步、生态环境指数各个方面均有显著提高,可持续发展综合指数也伴随着提升。并且,巨大特大型城市在生态环境保护方面提高幅度最大;大型城市在社会进步方面提高幅度最大;中小型城市在经济发展和可持续发展综合能力方面提高幅度最大。但截止到2010年,不同规模城市的可持续发展综合指数均为Ⅲ级,可持续发展能力仅处于一般水平。探究了中国不同规模的城市可持续发展过程中面临的诸多问题,然后提出相应的对策建议,为今后的新型城市化建设提供参考。     

Pluripotency in the light of the developmental hourglass

The hourglass model of development postulates divergence in early and late embryo development bridged by a period of developmental constraint at mid‐embryogenesis. Recently, molecular support for the hourglass model of development has accumulated, with the emphasis on studies using zebrafish and Drosophila species. Across mammals, the hourglass model and specifically divergence in early development has thus far received little attention. Divergence in mammalian pre‐implantation development is particularly interesting because of its potential impact on derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Here, we review recent findings that support the hourglass model of development. We provide striking examples of variation in key events in mammalian peri‐implantation development and their potential consequences for pluripotency of embryonic stem cell lines, including mechanisms of cell signalling and differentiation, gene regulatory networks, X‐chromosome inactivation, and epigenetic regulation. The variation in these processes indicates divergence in early mammalian development as was postulated by the hourglass model of development. We discuss the naive and primed states of pluripotency in light of this developmental divergence and their implications for human pluripotent stem cell states.     

2014年江苏省医药产业发展报告

江苏省作为传统医药大省,是全国医药产业发展的重要组成部分,但仍存在诸多不足,极大地影响了其可持续发展。通过资料查询, 将江苏省与山东、河南、广东、吉林、浙江、湖北等医药产业重点省份进行比较,多方位分析江苏省医药产业发展现状,揭示眼下全省 医药产业发展中的主要问题所在,为全省医药产业健康发展建言献策