口腔微生态失衡导致口腔异味的研究

目的介绍口腔微生态失调与口腔疾病的关系,口腔疾病出现口腔气味异常的机制。综合分析口腔微生态与口腔健康的研究动态及意义。展望口腔微生态调整在口腔疾病治疗中的作用研究,尤其在消除口腔异昧的积极作用。方法由第一、二作者应用计算机通过pubmed检索NCBI数据库1992年至2007年相关文献,检索词为“Micro ecology”,限定语言种类为“English”;同时检索CNKI全文数据库、维普全文数据库1995年至2007年相关文献,检索词为“微生态”,限定语言种类为中文。纳入标准：文章内容与口腔微生态相关的研究、以及在口腔疾病研究领域有关。排除标准：较陈旧的文献和重复研究。结果共收集到106篇相关文献,21篇文献纳入本文,其中,19篇为综述和述评类文献,19篇为中文杂志,2篇为外文杂志。结论致病菌大量生长繁殖,口腔微生态失调,菌斑内微生物之间以及机体与菌斑之间相互作用分解蛋白产生硫化物,这些代谢产物包括H2S、CH3SH、CH3SCH3、吲哚、甲基吲哚、挥发脂肪酸和聚胺等发出刺激性气味,产生口腔异味。治疗口腔异味应该考虑平衡口腔微生态,调整口腔菌群。口腔异味的治疗又有利于口腔菌群平衡。提示我们治疗口腔疾病应该考虑口腔微生态平衡。     

口腔微生态失衡导致口腔异昧的研究

目的介绍口腔微生态失调与口腔疾病的关系,口腔疾病出现口腔气味异常的机制。综合分析口腔微生态与口腔健康的研究动态及意义。展望口腔微生态调整在口腔疾病治疗中的作用研究,尤其在消除口腔异昧的积极作用。方法由第一、二作者应用计算机通过pubmed检索NCBI数据库1992年至2007年相关文献,检索词为“Micro ecology”,限定语言种类为“English”;同时检索CNKI全文数据库、维普全文数据库1995年至2007年相关文献,检索词为“微生态”,限定语言种类为中文。纳入标准：文章内容与口腔微生态相关的研究、以及在口腔疾病研究领域有关。排除标准：较陈旧的文献和重复研究。结果共收集到106篇相关文献,21篇文献纳入本文,其中,19篇为综述和述评类文献,19篇为中文杂志,2篇为外文杂志。结论致病菌大量生长繁殖,口腔微生态失调,菌斑内微生物之间以及机体与菌斑之间相互作用分解蛋白产生硫化物,这些代谢产物包括H2S、CH3SH、CH3SCH3、吲哚、甲基吲哚、挥发脂肪酸和聚胺等发出刺激性气味,产生口腔异味。治疗口腔异味应该考虑平衡口腔微生态,调整口腔菌群。口腔异味的治疗又有利于口腔菌群平衡。提示我们治疗口腔疾病应该考虑口腔微生态平衡。     

熟水对健康影响的定性循证研究

目的：检索国内外相关文献,分析熟水对健康的影响。以指导我国居民合理选择饮水类型,保持适宜水合状态和维持身体健康。方法：本次证据搜集检索自1998—2019年国内外公开发表的相关研究文献,语种限定为中文和英文,中文文献检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库及中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）,英文文献检索PubMed、Scopus及Cochrane数据库。排除熟水非饮用用途、理化实验及研究质量差的文献。结果：本次检索到熟水与健康相关文献8篇,经过筛选共有4篇文献（2个横断面研究、1个纵向研究、1个系统综述）作为本次研究的主要证据。系统综述结果显示,饮用煮沸处理水对霍乱弧菌感染、囊胚感染、原生动物总体感染、病毒整体感染和非特异性腹泻均有保护作用。综合评价分析熟水对健康的影响,其主要结果为饮用熟水可能降低大肠杆菌感染和儿童腹泻的发生风险。结论：与未处理的饮用水相比,饮用熟水可能更有利于健康。但目前结论主要基于横断面研究获得,缺乏高质量的科学证据支持,仍需要进一步的研究验证。     

卵巢癌动物模型的特点及应用分析

目的 研究卵巢癌动物模型的特点及应用现况，为当下卵巢癌模型的规范化制备提供参考指导。方法 通过从中国知网、万方、维普以及PubMed数据库中以“卵巢癌”和“动物模型”为主题词，PubMed数据库中检索建库至2023年3月1日的卵巢癌动物实验性期刊文献，均进行建库至今的文献搜索，共收集相关文献共1428篇。从实验动物种类、年龄、实验造模方法、检测指标等方面进行总结，建立数据库进行系统分析。结果 筛选后共获得符合标准的实验性研究文献178篇。构建建立卵巢癌动物模型多选用BALB/c品种的雌性鼠；大部分周龄选择4～6周龄、6～8周龄；造模方法使用最普遍的是异位移植，多接种在腋部皮下；在卵巢癌动物模型造模方法的使用上，以移植性模型使用最多，其中异位移植远高于原位移植的使用量；使用的细胞株或卵巢癌组织多为人源。检测指标检测最多的是肿瘤组织的外观指标、肿瘤病理及免疫组化。结论 卵巢癌动物模型在卵巢癌研究中应用广泛，但缺少专业规范的制备和评价标准，本文通过文献整理、数据归类分析，对卵巢癌的动物模型应用现状进行了详细分析，以期为构建规范化卵巢癌动物模型提供参考。实验多选用BALB/c品系鼠，以浓度为1...     

学校食物环境与儿童肥胖的定性循证研究

目的：系统评价学校食物环境与儿童超重肥胖的关系，为相关指南和政策的制定提供循证证据。方法：检索1998—2020年公开发表的相关中英文文献，中文数据库为中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台，英文数据库为Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase等。结果：共检索出2 288篇文献，其中中文359篇，英文1 929篇。经过文献筛选，共有12篇文献纳入本次系统评价，包括1项队列研究，9项横断面研究和2个系统综述。结果显示，学校供餐、售卖机的有无以及所含食物种类与儿童体重和学校附近便利店的数量与距离均与超重肥胖风险有关。结论：学校食物环境与儿童超重肥胖可能有关，还需要更多高质量研究设计的证据支持。     

基于数据挖掘的功能性消化不良动物模型的评价

目的 通过系统的文献检索，收集、整理并分析现存的功能性消化不良动物模型制备方法与常用检测指标，以完善其模型的制备与评价。方法 以“功能性消化不良，动物模型”“functional dyspepsia, animal model”等为检索词，在中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库进行检索，检索时间为建库至2022年6月21日。结果 共纳入71篇文献，包括中文63篇和英文8篇。研究对象均为鼠类，雌雄皆有选择，年龄在1～84 d。造模方式共有32种，其中单因素造模7种，多因素造模25种。造模周期从6～98 d。检测指标涵盖一般情况，胃肠功能和精神状态等主要方面。结论 (1)功能性消化不良的动物模型主要以6～8月龄的雄性SD大鼠为造模对象，造模方式以单因素的夹尾刺激法和多因素的不规则饮食+夹尾刺激法为主，选择最多的检测指标分别为胃排空/残留率，实验动物一般情况和小肠推进比。(2)成模标准尚无统一规定，造模因素的选择仍需进一步的探究。     

SELDI-TOF-MS技术诊断早期乳腺癌的文献系统评价

目的：系统评价表面增强激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术（SELDI-TOF-MS）对乳腺癌的诊断效能,正确理解和分析乳腺癌SELDI-TOF-MS检测结果并论证其用于早期诊断和筛查的准确性。方法：检索2001-01～2007-12的万方中文科技期刊数据库、维普数据库和MEDLINE数据库中关于利用SELDI-TOF-MS技术早期诊断乳腺癌的中、英文文献,对纳入文献进行质量评价、异质性检验,用统计分析软件计算综合受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线方程。结果：共检索到相关文献62篇,对其中8篇符合纳入标准的文献数据进行了Meta分析,样本量735例,综合灵敏度、特异度和综合优势比分别为85.55%、79.18%和22.90,SROC曲线下面积为0.90。结论：SELDI-TOF-MS技术对早期乳腺癌的诊断具有重要价值。     

非剥脱性嫩肤技术在皮肤光老化中的应用

目的：介绍国内外近10年来非剥脱性嫩肤技术治疗皮肤光老化临床研究概况,以期进一步了解非剥脱性嫩肤技术在皮肤光老化中的应用新进展。方法：应用计算机检索Pubmed和中国生物医学文献数据库1999／2009的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为英文和中文,检索词“photoaging（光老化）,laser（激光）,Intense pulsed light（强光）,radiofrequency（射频）,Light Emitting Diode（发光二极管）”。对资料进行初审,选择临床实验研究文献查找全文。纳入标准：①有明确诊断标准。②随机对照实验或对照实验。结果：共收集到相关文献110篇,按上述标准纳入23篇,其余文献均被排除。结论：非剥脱性嫩肤技术治疗皮肤光老化疗效可靠,具有副作用少,方法简单,安全性高,易被患者接受等优势。但不管单独使用哪种方法治疗皮肤光老化其效果均不是很完美,必需紧密结合患者疾病的具体情况和非剥脱性嫩肤设备的性能进行个性化的治疗。     

学校身体活动环境与儿童肥胖的定性循证研究

目的：系统评价学校身体活动环境与儿童超重肥胖的关系，为相关指南和政策的制定提供循证证据。方法：检索1998—2020年公开发表的相关中英文文献，中文数据库为中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台，英文数据库为Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase等。结果：共检索出3 846篇文献，其中中文3 080篇、英文766篇。经过文献筛选，共有8篇英文文献纳入本次系统评价，包括1项队列研究、1项横断面研究、2项干预研究、4项系统综述。结果显示，学校体育运动场所与儿童青少年身体活动水平有关，身体活动水平的增强可有效降低肥胖发生的风险。学校身体活动可以有效预防儿童青少年超重肥胖或延缓超重肥胖率上升速度，尤其对超重肥胖相关指标的改善更有效。结论：学校身体活动环境与儿童超重肥胖可能有关，还需要更多高质量研究设计的证据支持。     

RNA实时荧光核酸恒温扩增检测技术检测解脲脲原体的Meta分析

目的 评估RNA实时荧光核酸恒温扩增（simultaneous amplification and testing,SAT）检测技术检测泌尿生殖道拭子及尿液样本中解脲脲原体（Ureaplasma urealyticum,UU）阳性率。方法 检索中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、ScienceDirect和Cochrane图书馆等,收集有关探讨实时荧光核酸恒温扩增检测UU阳性率的所有文献,检索起止时间为1990年1月至2018年8月。拟定入选标准和排除标准,2名研究者分别独立进行文献资料提取及文献质量评估,采用Stata 13.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共检索出57篇文献,依据入选标准和排除标准,纳入了21篇文献进行分析,包含了33 176例尿液及拭子样本量,所有标本均运用实时荧光核酸恒温扩增对检测样本进行UU检测。Meta分析结果显示,实时荧光核酸恒温扩增检测UU阳性率的汇总检出率（95％CI）为0.44（0.39‒0.49）。结论 实时荧光核酸恒温扩增检测UU具有快速、灵敏的特点,具有很好的判断预后效果,适合临床实验室泌尿生殖道患者UU检测,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

军用动物福利保障措施探讨

军用动物是一个特殊的动物群体,是世界各国军事装备的重要组成部分.本文分析和借鉴了《美军军犬计划》等文献中对动物福利保障的措施,依据军用动物在实验、训练、执行演习和作战任务的特殊性,探讨了保障其福利的办法.     

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies

Surgical resection is an essential treatment for most cancer patients, but surgery induces dysfunction in the immune system and this has been linked to the development of metastatic disease in animal models and in cancer patients. Preclinical work from our group and others has demonstrated a profound suppression of innate immune function, specifically NK cells in the postoperative period and this plays a major role in the enhanced development of metastases following surgery. Relatively few animal studies and clinical trials have focused on characterizing and reversing the detrimental effects of cancer surgery. Using a rigorous animal model of spontaneously metastasizing tumors and surgical stress, the enhancement of cancer surgery on the development of lung metastases was demonstrated. In this model, 4T1 breast cancer cells are implanted in the mouse mammary fat pad. At day 14 post tumor implantation, a complete resection of the primary mammary tumor is performed in all animals. A subset of animals receives additional surgical stress in the form of an abdominal nephrectomy. At day 28, lung tumor nodules are quantified. When immunotherapy was given immediately preoperatively, a profound activation of immune cells which prevented the development of metastases following surgery was detected. While the 4T1 breast tumor surgery model allows for the simulation of the effects of abdominal surgical stress on tumor metastases, its applicability to other tumor types needs to be tested. The current challenge is to identify safe and promising immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models and to translate them into viable perioperative therapies to be given to cancer surgery patients to prevent the recurrence of metastatic disease.     

Bibliometric analysis of personalized humanized mouse and Drosophila models for effective combinational therapy in cancer patients

Research performed using model organisms such as mice and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster has significantly enhanced our knowledge about cancer biology and the fundamental processes of cancer. This is because the major biological properties and genes associated with cancer including signaling pathways, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and other regulators of cell growth and proliferation are evolutionary conserved. This review provides bibliometric analysis of research productivity, and performance of authors, institutions, countries, and journals associated with personalized animal cancer models, focussing on the role of Drosophila in cancer research, thus highlighting emerging trends in the field. A total of 1469 and 2672 original articles and reviews for Drosophila cancer model and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) respectively, were retrieved from the Scopus database and the most cited papers were thoroughly analyzed. Our analysis indicates a steadily increasing productivity of the animal models and especially of mouse models in cancer research. In addition to the many different systems that address almost all aspects of tumor research in humanized animal models, a trend towards using tailored screening platforms with Drosophila models in particular will become widespread in the future. Having Drosophila models that recapitulate major genetic aspects of a given tumor will enable the development and validation of novel therapeutic strategies for specific cancers, and provide a platform for screening small molecule inhibitors and other anti-tumor compounds. The combination of Drosophila cancer models and mouse PDX models particularly is highly promising and should be one of the major research strategies the future.     

Honey and diabetes mellitus: Obstacles and challenges – Road to be repaired

Background and objectiveSince ancient times, honey has been used due to its nutritional and therapeutic value. The role of honey has been acknowledged in the scientific literature however, its use has been controversially discussed and has not been well accepted in modern medicine especially for diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the role of honey in diabetic patients.MethodsIn this study, we identified 107 research articles from data based search engines including “PubMed”, “ISI-Web of Science”, “Embase” and “Google Scholar”. The research papers were selected by using the primary key-terms including “Honey”, “Honey bee” and “Diabetes Mellitus”. The research documents in which “Honey” and “Diabetes Mellitus” were debated are included. After screening, we reviewed 66 papers and finally we selected 35 studies which met the inclusion criteria and the remaining documents were excluded.ResultsThis study investigated the preclinical, clinical, human and animal model studies on honey and diabetes mellitus and found that honey decreases the fasting serum glucose, increases the sting C-peptide and 2-h postprandial C-peptide. Although, there is a dearth of data and literature also contrary discussed the use of honey in diabetic patients.ConclusionHoney decreases the fasting serum glucose, increases fasting C-peptide and 2-h postprandial C-peptide. Honey had low glycemic index and peak incremental index in diabetic patients. The use of honey in diabetic patients still has obstacles and challenges and needs more large sample sized, multi-center clinical controlled studies to reach better conclusions.     

Invited review: Big Data in precision dairy farming

Insight into current scientific applications of Big Data in the precision dairy farming area may help us to understand the inflated expectations around Big Data. The objective of this invited review paper is to give that scientific background and determine whether Big Data has overcome the peak of inflated expectations. A conceptual model was created, and a literature search in Scopus resulted in 1442 scientific peer reviewed papers. After thorough screening on relevance and classification by the authors, 142 papers remained for further analysis. The area of precision dairy farming (with classes in the primary chain (dairy farm, feed, breed, health, food, retail, consumer) and levels for object of interest (animal, farm, network)), the Big Data-V area (with categories on Volume, Velocity, Variety and other V’s) and the data analytics area (with categories in analysis methods (supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised classification, reinforcement learning) and data characteristics (time-series, streaming, sequence, graph, spatial, multimedia)) were analysed. The animal sublevel, with 83% of the papers, exceeds the farm sublevel and network sublevel. Within the animal sublevel, topics within the dairy farm level prevailed with 58% over the health level (33%). Within the Big Data category, the Volume category was most favoured with 59% of the papers, followed by 37% of papers that included the Variety category. None of the papers included the Velocity category. Supervised learning, representing 87% of the papers, exceeds unsupervised learning (12%). Within supervised learning, 64% of the papers dealt with classification issues and exceeds the regression methods (36%). Time-series were used in 61% of the papers and were mostly dealing with animal-based farm data. Multimedia data appeared in a greater number of recent papers. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Big Data is a relevant topic of research within the precision dairy farming area, but that the full potential of Big Data in this precision dairy farming area is not utilised yet. However, the present authors expect the full potential of Big Data, within the precision dairy farming area, will be reached when multiple Big Data characteristics (Volume, Variety and other V’s) and sources (animal, groups, farms and chain parts) are used simultaneously, adding value to operational and strategic decision.     

钛镍记忆合金牵张器复合脱细胞真皮基质增高犬牙槽嵴的初步研究

目的用成年杂种犬建立钛镍记忆合金牵张器复合脱细胞真皮基质增高犬牙槽嵴动物模型,为下一步利用钛镍记忆合金牵张器行下颌后牙牙槽嵴增高术奠定基础。方法健康成年雄性杂种犬4只。全麻下拔除双侧下颌4个前磨牙和第一磨牙,1个月后拍摄双侧后牙区X线光片,观察拔牙窝愈合情况。采用4种类型的牵张器随机在4只犬的下颌两侧行牵张手术并观察牵张后1周和1月牙槽嵴增高的情况。结果拔牙后1个月,牙槽嵴黏膜愈合良好。X线片示下颌神经管清晰可见,其上方牙槽窝内有较低密度骨质存在。放置4种牵张器牵张术后1周、1月后牙槽嵴增高的高度分别为3.24 mm、3.76 mm、4.58 mm、5.09 mm;3.15 mm、3.67 mm、4.64 mm、5.01mm,术后一周X线可见后有明显的牵张间隙,1月时牵张区有新骨形成,骨密度增高。结论犬耐受力强,后牙区下颌骨体积大,手术易操作,是理想的牙槽嵴萎缩动物模型。拔牙后1个月,拔牙创愈合良好,可以进行牵张手术。D组＂S＂形牵张器牵张后的高度比较理想,能满足后期种植体的植入。     

Epidemiological Risk Factors for Animal Influenza A Viruses Overcoming Species Barriers

Drivers and risk factors for Influenza A virus transmission across species barriers are poorly understood, despite the ever present threat to human and animal health potentially on a pandemic scale. Here we review the published evidence for epidemiological risk factors associated with influenza viruses transmitting between animal species and from animals to humans. A total of 39 papers were found with evidence of epidemiological risk factors for influenza virus transmission from animals to humans; 18 of which had some statistical measure associated with the transmission of a virus. Circumstantial or observational evidence of risk factors for transmission between animal species was found in 21 papers, including proximity to infected animals, ingestion of infected material and potential association with a species known to carry influenza virus. Only three publications were found which presented a statistical measure of an epidemiological risk factor for the transmission of influenza between animal species. This review has identified a significant gap in knowledge regarding epidemiological risk factors for the transmission of influenza viruses between animal species.     

在动物福利和“3R”原则的指导下建立贵州小型猪的实验方法

目的在动物福利及＂3R＂原则的指导下,建立贵州小型猪常用的实验方法。方法应用对动物刺激小、痛苦少的方法给贵州小型猪肌内注射、灌胃给药、采血、麻醉、静脉注射、处死给药等方法。结果建立了一套符合动物福利要求和＂3R＂原则的小型猪的实验方法。     

Polyphenols in brewed green tea inhibit prostate tumor xenograft growth by localizing to the tumor and decreasing oxidative stress and angiogenesis

It has been demonstrated in various animal models that the oral administration of green tea (GT) extracts in drinking water can inhibit tumor growth, but the effects of brewed GT on factors promoting tumor growth, including oxidant damage of DNA and protein, angiogenesis and DNA methylation, have not been tested in an animal model. To explore these potential mechanisms, brewed GT was administered instead of drinking water to male severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with androgen-dependent human LAPC4 prostate cancer cell subcutaneous xenografts. Tumor volume was decreased significantly in mice consuming GT, and tumor size was significantly correlated with GT polyphenol (GTP) content in tumor tissue. There was a significant reduction in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. GT consumption significantly reduced oxidative DNA and protein damage in tumor tissue as determined by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio and protein carbonyl assay, respectively. Methylation is known to inhibit antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase pi to permit reactive oxygen species promotion of tumor growth. GT inhibited tumor 5-cytosine DNA methyltransferase 1 mRNA and protein expression significantly, which may contribute to the inhibition of tumor growth by reactivation of antioxidative enzymes. This study advances our understanding of tumor growth inhibition by brewed GT in an animal model by demonstrating tissue localization of GTPs in correlation with inhibition of tumor growth. Our results suggest that the inhibition of tumor growth is due to GTP-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress and angiogenesis in the LAPC4 xenograft prostate tumor in SCID mice.     

Association of ABO and Rh blood groups with breast cancer

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association of “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups with incidence of breast cancer.MethodsIn this study, we identified 70 research documents from data based search engines including “PubMed”, “ISI-Web of Knowledge”, “Embase” and “Google Scholar”. The research papers were selected by using the primary key-terms including “ABO blood type”, “Rhesus” blood type and “breast cancer”. The research documents in which “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood types and breast cancer was debated were included. After screening, we reviewed 32 papers and finally we selected 25 research papers which met the inclusion criteria and remaining documents were excluded.ResultsBlood group “A” has high incidence of breast cancer (45.88%), blood group “O” has (31.69%); “B” (16.16%) and blood group “AB” has (6.27%) incidence of breast cancer. Blood group “A” has highest and blood group “AB” has least association with breast cancer. Furthermore, “Rhesus +ve” blood group has high incidence of breast cancer (88.31%) and “Rhesus –ve” blood group has least association with breast cancer (11.68%).ConclusionBlood group “A” and “Rhesus +ve” have high risk of breast cancer, while blood type “AB” and “Rhesus –ve” are at low peril of breast cancer. Physicians should carefully monitor the females with blood group “A” and “Rh +ve” as these females are more prone to develop breast cancer. To reduce breast cancer incidence and its burden, preventive and screening programs for breast cancer especially in young women are highly recommended.