紫堇属藏药的药用民族植物学研究

紫堇属植物在藏药中具有较悠久的历史,而且随着历史的发展藏医所使用的该属药用植物的种类也在不断增加.本文采用药用民族植物学研究中的文献研究法,对文献中有关藏医用该属药用植物资源的利用情况进行了整理和分析.结果发现,藏医对该属植物的命名具有一定的规律,但目前还没有人对此进行系统研究;不同地区的藏医在使用该属药用植物资源中存在着一定程度的差异,这可能与不同地区该属的种类分布不同有关;该属藏药植物中藏医主要用于治疗止血、肝胆疾病和流感等疾病.与丰富的该属植物种类相比,并结合藏医的利用情况,从该属植物中寻找新的药用资源具有一定的潜力.     

利用基因芯片对一高保守基因进行肿瘤相关分析

本对大规模人类cDNA测序过程中获得的一条高保守基因进行了初步功能研究,生物信息学研究发现该基因在人类、小鼠、果蝇、拟南芥和裂殖酶母中都有很高的保守性,其他分析预测该基因可能具有肿瘤相关性。RT－PCR分析表明,该基因在成人和胎儿组织中广泛谱表达。利用基因芯片分析该基因在7例肝癌、5例胰腺癌、2例喉癌和2例肺癌中表达情况,结果证实了该基因的肿瘤相关性,并且提示该基因在不同类型中可能处于不同的地位。     

一个小鼠睾丸特异表达新基因mtIQ2的克隆和表达谱分析

运用数据库消减杂交筛选出一个在小鼠睾丸中特异表达的新基因--mtIQ2 (Genbank Accession No: DQ153247), Northern blot结果表明该基因的cDNA序列全长为1.2kb,小鼠多组织RT-PCR结果表明:该基因在睾丸中特异表达,而在其他组织中没有表达.运用隐睾模型对该基因的表达研究表明:在手术后第9d,该基因表达急剧下降,到18d完全消失.这些实验提示该基因在睾丸的发育和性成熟过程中可能起重要作用.     

八肋游仆虫Rab家族新成员Eo-rab-1N基因的克隆与序列分析

Rab蛋白家族属于小分子GTP结合蛋白家族Ras超家族中最大的亚家族,主要在囊泡运输中起作用。本实验运用PCR、RT-PCR等技术,从八肋游仆虫中克隆到一种新的rab基因。序列分析结果表明：在大核中,该基因全长884bp,除去两端的端粒与非编码区,该基因在大核中由723bp组成。从小核中克隆相应的基因片段,此基因片段序列与大核中序列一致,表明该基因在小核中无内部删除序列的存在。通过RT-PCR,从mRNA获得的该基因的开放读框为663bp,表明该基因在转录过程中有内含子的删除。大核基因序列和cDNA序列比较,发现60bp的内含子序列位于大核基因的153~212bp之间,并符合一类内含子GU-AG剪切规则。在遗传密码使用上,该基因内部含有2个TGA,在游仆虫中编码半胱氨酸。同时首次发现,八肋游仆虫基因使用TAG作为终止密码子。NCBI上序列比对表明该基因翻译的蛋白与其它物种Rab1蛋白的同源性达49%~52%,因此我们将它命名为Eo-rab-1N,GenBank登录号为DQ105562。Eo-rab-1N与其他物种的Rab1蛋白构建进化树,发现该蛋白的进化与物种的进化保持一致,表明该基因在细胞中具有重要功能。     

番茄交替氧化酶基因的克隆和表达

利用简并PCR扩增产物做探针筛选番茄cDNA基因文库获得一个全长交替氧化酶cDNA基因LeAoxlau.经序列分析得出,该基因全长1 418bp,编码区序列长1 077 bp,编码约40 kD的前体蛋白.该蛋白在转运到线粒体时被加工成32kD的成熟蛋白.Southern印迹杂交分析结果显示该基因以单拷贝形式存在于番茄的基因组中RT-PCR显示,该基因在在番茄植株的根、茎、叶和子叶中表达.重组表达实验表明该基因能在大肠杆菌中表达.     

一种新的与细胞分化相关的基因在不同组织及细胞系中表达与定位

目的　研究一种新的可能与细胞分化相关的基因在正常组织、肿瘤组织及细胞系中的表达与定位 ,初步探讨该基因的作用机制。方法　利用Northern杂交方法检测 10种人胎儿组织、6种人肿瘤细胞系、4种人的肿瘤组织及癌旁组织中该基因的表达。利用免疫荧光实验检测该基因在细胞中定位。结果　该基因在人的胎儿组织及肿瘤组织和肿瘤细胞中均有高表达 ,在正常组织及癌旁组织中表达明显减弱。癌旁组织和癌组织中的表达差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。该基因在K56 2 细胞中主要定位在膜上。结论　该基因可能在细胞分化及肿瘤发生中起着重要作用     

紫花苜蓿逆境胁迫诱导相关转录因子MsDREB1基因克隆与分析

利用RT-PCR方法,从紫花苜蓿中扩增得到一个新的转录因子MsDREB1基因cDNA,克隆该cDNA并进行序列分析,结果表明该cDNA包含一个长651bp的开放阅读框,编码一条含216个氨基酸的多肽,分子量约为24．9kDa,等电点为6．11。蛋白质Blast数据显示,该多肽属于EREBP／AP2家族DNA结合蛋白的典型成员。进一步克隆了该基因的基因组DNA,序列分析表明该基因无内含子。Southern blot分析表明,该基因在紫花苜蓿基因组中以2拷贝存在。     

碳碳相关谱测定Oplopanone的结构

从四川产泽泻（Alisma orientalis Juzep.）中分离出一个倍半萜成分,经碳碳相关等核磁谱测定为Oplopanone。该成分为首次从泽泻科中分得,利用碳碳相关信息对该成分的碳谱进行了全归属,并讨论了该化合物的生物合成途径。     

一株乙醇降解菌株的分离和鉴定

从湖北农田土壤中筛选得到一株ALDH活性较高的菌株,该菌株在含0．64％乙醇的培养基中生长较佳,且耐受0．9％的乙醛。经菌种形态学和生理生化特征,以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株为不动杆（Acinetobacter sp．）。该菌株在乙醇和乙醛解毒研究中有重要价值。     

OsEBP-89启动子中应答茉莉素信号的必需DNA区域的分析

水稻OsEBP-89基因的表达受乙烯（ET）、脱落酸（ABA）、茉莉素等激素和干旱、低温等逆境胁迫处理的诱导．本研究中,克隆该基因启动子和预测应答胁迫与激素信号相关顺式作用元件的基础上,通过农杆菌注射法介导的瞬时表达证实了该启动子在烟草叶片中驱动GUS报告基因的表达受茉莉素的诱导．为了进-步确定该启动子中应答茉莉素信号的重要DNA区域,对该启动子进行了-系列的缺失突变,并将相关的缺失启动子片段与GUS报告基因融合．烟草叶片中GUS报告基因瞬时表达分析表明,该启动子中位于-1200bp和-800bp的碱基是该基因应答茉莉素信号的必需DNA区域,其中在-1127bp处有一个G—box元件;结合已有的研究结果,发现应答茉莉素信号的必需DNA区域不同于该基因应答ACC处理的必需DNA区域（在-562bp处存在一个ERE元件）．总之,本研究结果有助于探讨该基因应答不同胁迫信号表达的分子机制．     

Nucleotide sequence of Chinese rape mosaic virus (oilseed rape mosaic virus), a crucifer tobamovirus infectious on Arabidopsis thaliana

The complete nucleotide sequence of Chinese rape mosaic virus has been determined. The virus is a member of the tobamovirus genus of plant virus and is able to infect Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh systemically. The analysis of the sequence shows a gene array that seems to be characteristic of crucifer tobamoviruses and which is slightly different from the one most frequently found in tobamoviruses. Based on gene organization and on comparisons of sequence homologies between members of the tobamoviruses, a clustering of crucifer tobamoviruses is proposed that groups the presently known crucifer tobamovirus into two viruses with two strains each. A name change of Chinese rape mosaic virus to oilseed rape mosaic virus is proposed.Abbreviations 2-ME 2-mercaptoethanol - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - UTR untranslated region - MP movement protein - CP capsid protein - CRMV Chinese rape mosaic virus - TVCV turnip vein clearing virus - PaMMV paprika mild mottle virus - PMMV-I pepper mild mottle virus (Italian isolate) - PMMV-S pepper mild mottle virus (Spanish isolate) - ToMV tomato mosaic virus - TMV tobacco mosaic virus - TMGMV tobacco mild green mosaic virus - ORSV odontoglossum ringspot virus - SHMV sunn hemp mosaic virus - CGMMV cucumber green mottle mosaic virus - ORMV oilseed rape mosaic virus     

Purification,electron microscopy and serology of virus isolated fromEuonymus europaea

“Euonymus mosaic virus”, purified from cucumber cotyledons by the differential and density-gradient centrifugation, shows typical nucleoprotein absorption spectrum. Electron microscopy reveals isometric virus particles of about 37 nm diameter. No reaction of purified “Euonymus mosaic virus” was observed with antisera against a raspberry ringspot virus, tobacco ringspot virus, cherry leaf roll virus, strawberry latent ringspot virus, tomato ringspot virus, elm mosaic virus, arabis mosaic virus, tomato bushy stunt virus and watermelon mosaic virus.     

Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vectors demonstrate that the attachment protein G of bovine respiratory syncytial virus is distinct from that of human respiratory syncytial virus

Bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus causes a severe lower respiratory tract disease in calves similar to the disease in children caused by human respiratory syncytial (HRS) virus. While there is antigenic cross-reactivity among the other major viral structural proteins, the major glycoprotein, G, of BRS virus and that of HRS virus are antigenically distinct. The G glycoprotein has been implicated as the attachment protein for HRS virus. We have carried out a molecular comparison of the glycoprotein G of BRS virus with the HRS virus counterparts. cDNA clones corresponding to the BRS virus G glycoprotein mRNA were isolated and analyzed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing. The BRS virus G mRNA contained 838 nucleotides exclusive of poly(A) and had a major open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 257 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the BRS virus G polypeptide showed only 29 to 30% amino acid identity with the G protein of either the subgroup A or B HRS virus. However, despite this low level of identity, there were strong similarities in the predicted hydropathy profiles of the BRS virus and HRS virus G proteins. A cDNA molecule containing the complete BRS virus G major open reading frame was inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus by homologous recombination, and a recombinant virus containing the BRS virus G protein gene was isolated. This recombinant virus expressed the BRS virus G protein, as demonstrated by Western immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence of infected cells. The BRS virus G protein expressed from the recombinant vector was transported to and expressed on the surface of infected cells. Antisera to the BRS virus G protein made by using the recombinant vector to immunize animals recognized the BRS virus attachment protein but not the HRS virus G protein and vice versa, confirming the lack of antigenic cross-reactivity between the BRS and HRS virus attachment proteins. On the basis of the data presented here, we conclude that BRS virus should be classified within the genus Pneumovirus in a group separate from HRS virus and that it is no more closely related to HRS virus subgroup A than it is to HRS virus subgroup B.     

Detection of multiple viruses in queens of the honey bee Apis mellifera L

Individual honey bee Apis mellifera L. queens were examined for the presence of six honey bee viruses including acute bee paralysis virus, chronic bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, Kashmir bee virus, and sacbrood virus. All viruses, except ABPV, were detected in the samples. Among queens examined for virus infections, 93% had multiple virus infections. The detection of viruses in queens raises the possibility of a vertical transmission pathway wherein infected queens can pass virus through their eggs to their offspring.     

RNAi的抗病毒研究进展

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是真核生物中的特异核苷酸序列产生的基因沉默现象,被认为有抑制病毒复制的功能。最近的研究表明,通过诱导RNAi可以抑制多种病毒的复制,包括人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型,乙型肝炎病毒,丙型肝炎病毒,登革热病毒,脊髓灰质炎病毒,流感病毒,口蹄疫病毒和重症急性呼吸综合征病毒等。总结了目前运用RNA干扰技术抑制病毒复制的研究进展,展望基于RNAi技术的抗病毒治疗的可能性。     

Ngari virus is a Bunyamwera virus reassortant that can be associated with large outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa

Two isolates of a virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus (family Bunyaviridae) were obtained from hemorrhagic fever cases during a large disease outbreak in East Africa in 1997 and 1998. Sequence analysis of regions of the three genomic RNA segments of the virus (provisionally referred to as Garissa virus) suggested that it was a genetic reassortant virus with S and L segments derived from Bunyamwera virus but an M segment from an unidentified virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus. While high genetic diversity (52%) was revealed by analysis of virus M segment nucleotide sequences obtained from 21 members of the genus Orthobunyavirus, the Garissa and Ngari virus M segments were almost identical. Surprisingly, the Ngari virus L and S segments showed high sequence identity with those of Bunyamwera virus, showing that Garissa virus is an isolate of Ngari virus, which in turn is a Bunyamwera virus reassortant. Ngari virus should be considered when investigating hemorrhagic fever outbreaks throughout sub-Saharan Africa.     

Characterization of the env gene and long terminal repeat of molecularly cloned Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus DNA

The highly oncogenic erythroleukemia-inducing Friend mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) virus was molecularly cloned in phage lambda gtWES.lambda B, and the DNA sequences of the env gene and the long terminal repeat were determined. The nucleotide sequences of Friend MCF virus and Friend spleen focus-forming virus were quite homologous, supporting the hypothesis that Friend spleen focus-forming virus might be generated via Friend MCF virus from an ecotropic Friend virus mainly by some deletions. Despite their different pathogenicity, the nucleotide sequences of the env gene of Friend MCF virus and Moloney MCF virus were quite homologous, suggesting that the putative parent sequence for the generation of both MCF viruses and the recombinational mechanism for their generation might be the same. We compare the amino acid sequences in lymphoid leukemia-inducing ecotropic Moloney virus and Moloney MCF virus, and erythroblastic leukemia-inducing ecotropic Friend virus, Friend-MCF virus, and Friend spleen focus-forming virus. The Friend MCF virus long terminal repeat was found to be 550 base pairs long. This contained two copies of the 39-base-pair tandem repeat, whereas the spleen focus-forming virus genome contained a single copy of the same sequence.     

PCR在猴B病毒鉴定中的应用研究

目的为鉴定新分离毒株是否为B病毒.方法根据ScinicarielloF报道的引物,用PCR方法扩增BV147、HSV-1、HSV-2,对扩增产物进行SacⅡ内切酶消化.结果这一对引物可同时对这3种病毒进行扩增,但只有BV147的扩增产物可被SacⅡ内切酶切开.对BV147扩增片段克隆测序的结果证实,其与美国B病毒E2490株部分基因(UL27)相对应位置的核苷酸同源性为100%.结论初步建立了检测B病毒DNA的PCR方法并测定了新分离病毒毒株的部分基因序列,证明新分离的病毒为B病毒.     

核型多角体病毒与侧沟茧蜂对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的协同作用

研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内的斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂存活率、发育历期、寄主感染病毒时间、病毒浓度之间的关系,并测定了斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂的传毒效率．结果表明,病毒对寄主体内寄生蜂历期无明显影响,寄生在幼虫体内的寄生蜂能在寄主病死前完成发育,存活比例因寄主感染病毒的时间和浓度而异．斜纹夜蛾被寄生后接种病毒(SINPV),距离寄生时间越长,饲毒浓度越低,寄生蜂完成发育的比例越大,但饲毒时间是主要影响因素．从感病幼虫体内发育成的侧沟茧蜂或曾经在感病寄主上产过卵的寄生蜂,以及通过人工方式使产卵器被病毒污染的寄生蜂,均能携带一定数量的病毒．通过产卵活动,侧沟茧蜂成蜂能在寄主幼虫个体间传递病毒．当寄生蜂在感病的寄主幼虫上产卵带毒后,平均可传递病毒给2．14头幼虫;发育于感病幼虫体内的寄生蜂,平均可传递病毒给2．45头幼虫．通过用病毒液浸茧或用混有病毒的蜂蜜饲喂成蜂等方式使产卵器污染病毒的寄生蜂,传毒效率随饲毒浓度增加而提高,平均可传递病毒1．45头和0．94头幼虫     

Serological analysis of an oncornavirus (PMF virus) detected in malignant permanent human cell lines.

Immunodiffusion analysis of the PMF virus which was detected in malignant permanent human cell lines revealed positive reactions with antisera against the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV). No cross-reactivity was demonstrated with murine leukemia virus (MuLV), rat leukemia virus (RaLV), hamster leukemia virus (HaLV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus (SSV-1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV). The cross-reactive antigens of the PMF virus and the MPMV are considered as evidence for the human origin of the PMF virus.