广东南雄古新世一新的裂齿类

记述了广东南雄盆地早～中古新世上湖组上部发现的裂齿目一新属新种──杨氏华南兽（Ｈｕａｎａｎｉｕｓ ｙｏｕｎｇｉ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。新属在上、下前日齿不臼齿化,上臼齿无次尖,下臼齿三角座和跟座均呈Ｖ形等方面显得原始。但在颊齿单面高冠,上臼齿原尖前、后脊分别与前、后附尖相连,小尖发育,具初始的次尖架,下臼齿略呈双曲拱柱状,具下后附尖等方面显示了向典型的裂齿类方向发展。     

安徽潜山晚古新世鼩鼱目(哺乳纲)一新属

记述了在安徽省潜山盆地晚古新世地层中发现的晌髓类的一个新属新种──李氏皖掠兽(Ｗａｎｏｌｅｓｔｅｓ ｌｉｉ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．)。新属以ｐ４臼齿化程度低,下颊齿跟座脊状,仅具两个下臼齿为其特点。     

记甘肃灵台晚上新世-早更新世地层中的无根鼢鼠

记述了3属、6种采自甘肃灵台文王沟上新统-更新统剖面中的臼齿无根鼢鼠,包括凸枕型的Eospalax simplicidens sp.nov.,E.lingtaiensis sp.nov.,Allosiphneus teilhardi Kretzoi,1961和A.arvicolinus(Nehring,1883);凹枕型的Yangia omegodon(Teilhard de ChardinYoung,1931)和Y.chaoyatseni(Teilhard de ChardinYoung,1931)。对其中的新种做了详细描述,对其他属、种也进行了修订。古地磁测年表明,Eospalax,Allosiphneus和Yangia属的最早记录都在晚上新世,突破了早更新世的最早记录。Eospalax和Allosiphneus属都起源于臼齿有根、凸枕型、m1前端能演化成无珐琅质层的鼢鼠;这种鼢鼠可能是上新世初期一种较原始的Pliosiphneus。Yangia属可能起源于臼齿有根、凹枕型并且m1前端有珐琅质层的一种Mesosiphneus,即最原始的Y.omegodon在上新世晚期从最进步的M.intermedius(=M.paratingi)中分化出来。     

Hesperotherium(黄昏兽 )——后期爪兽一新属

记述了山西天镇早更新世爪兽一新属———Hesperotherium。新属为低冠中等大小的爪兽 ,主要鉴别特征是 :吻部极度缩短 ,门齿、犬齿和第一前臼齿消失 ,前臼齿高度退缩 ,上臼齿宽大于长 ,原尖孤立 ,下臼齿后齿带发育。这是爪兽科最后的代表。中国过去在晚上新世至早更新世地层中发现的Nestoritherium ,很可能都应该归入这个新属。这个属的化石目前仅发现于中国。     

广西百色和永乐盆地的始新世猪类化石—兼论早期猪类的分类的演化

描述了广西百色及永乐盆地发现的中始新世最晚期－晚始新世的猪类化石,这批已知最早的猪超科化石,大大丰富了亚洲地区的早期猪类,对了解全球猪类的早期演化有着重要价值。广西的材料被确定为两个新属新种：萨氏始新猪Eocenchoerus savagei和广西华夏猪Huaxiachoerus guangxiensis,一个新种：粗壮暹罗猪Siamochoerus viriosus和一个未定属种：Tayassuidae gen.et sp.indet.加上已发表的单尖旅游Odiochoerus uniconus。百色,永乐盆地共计发现了5种始新世猪粉化石。新属Eocenchoerus虽然臼齿结构简单,与原始的古猪类（Palaeochoerid)接近,但因其M3具有一个明显的跟座而被归人猪科,早期猪科动物非常原始的臼齿形式证明,猪科动物 起源并不晚于古猪科（Palaeochoeridae)和西瑞科（Tayassuidae)。旧大陆的古猪类长期以来被认为与新大陆的西瑞类（tayassuid)更为接近,多数学者钭其归入西瑞科。笔者认为两者共有的近祖特征,并不能支持它们更摈 亲缘关系,而且古猪类缺乏典型西瑞类的近裔特征。因而支持将Palaeochoerinae亚科作为一个独立的Palaeochoeridae科,并将发现的两个新属种Huaxiachoerus guangxiensis和Siamochoerus viriosus归入该科,西瑞类材料的发现,再次肯定了东南亚地区确实存在与新大陆典型西湍类如Perchoerus,相似的古老猪类,另外新属Huaxiachoerus在臼齿结构上也显得比其他古猪类更接近新大陆的Cynorca,如果Perchoerus和Cynorca确属新大陆西湍类两个演化支系的祖选类型,那么新大陆的猪类动物很可能源于旧大陆,鉴于百色,永乐盆地的猪类已发生了较大分异,猪类动物的分化似应不晚于中始新世。     

安徽贵池晚古新世哺乳类

记述了在安徽省贵池县梅埂地区红层中发现的3种哺乳动物化石,其中包括钝脚目全棱齿兽科1新属新种——翟氏贵池脊齿兽（Guichilambdazhaiigen．etsp．nov.）。新属与古脊齿兽属较为相似,但在个体大、上颊齿横宽、上臼齿中附尖弱、下颌骨具前外凸缘、下臼齿三角座和跟座V形夹角小等方面又明显不同于该属任何已知种。文中还根据所发现化石的进化水平和组合性质,并与国内外有关层位对比,定地层时代为晚古新世。     

云南路南始新世两栖犀

两栖犀科化石广泛出现于欧亚大陆及北美的中、上始新统,渐新统及下中新统中。两栖犀属(Amynodon Marsh)是两栖犀科(Amynodontidae)中较原始的一个属。它的头骨和前臼齿列都不过分缩短,犬齿也不十分特化,上、下臼齿横脊的倾斜度不大,划分下臼齿为前、后叶的外壁上的纵沟很明显,这些都是已知早期类型的特点。这些早期类型的化石都发现于中、上始新统中。在渐新统中发现的两栖犀类,性质已相当特化,如门齿及前臼齿的数目大大缩减,头骨及前臼齿列的长度也特别缩短,犬齿异常发达,上、下臼齿横脊的倾斜度较大,下臼齿外壁上的纵沟不明显或消失等。     

重庆巫山更新世反刍类臼齿的新类型及伴生的鹿化石(英文)

新月形颊齿是反刍类的鉴定特征之一,而反刍类的上臼齿通常由4个新月形主尖组成。2008年在重庆市巫山县庙宇镇新城村堰头溪地点的一建筑项目中从黏土质地基中挖掘出一件带有上颊齿的反刍类上颌骨残段,标本上的上臼齿由5个新月形主尖组成。伴生的其他动物有更新世麂属未定种(Muntiacus sp.)和黑鹿(Cervus(Rusa) unicolor)。形态学研究显示堰头溪标本的上臼齿代表一种新的新月形上臼齿类型,它不同于见于部分胼足类(tylopods)的5尖型上臼齿,例如古近纪的石炭兽类和xiphodontids以及分布于渐新世和中新世的真兽类。堰头溪标本上臼齿中的第五个主尖被诠释为原尖基部舌侧的齿带过度发育而成,与胼足类的舌侧主尖非同源关系。堰头溪标本代表一个新的种类,其分类位置暂定为麂亚科的麂属,即黄氏麂Muntiacus?huangi sp.nov.。     

甘肃秦安晚中新世—早上新世的化石鼢鼠(Myospalacinae,Cricetidae,Rodentia)兼论鼢鼠亚科的分类

根据头骨上间顶骨存在与否、枕盾形状和位置、臼齿带牙根与否以及带牙根臼齿的高冠程度等,将Myospalacinae分成2族9属。记述了甘肃秦安董湾剖面中的3种原鼢鼠:Prosiphneus licenti Teilhard de Chardin,1926,P.tianzuensis(Zheng&Li,1982)和P.eriksoni(Schlosser,1924);1种上新鼢鼠:Pliosiphneus cf.Pl.lyratus(Teihard de Chardin,1942);3种日进鼢鼠:Chardina sinensis(Teilhard de Chardin&Young,1931),C.gansuensis n.sp.和C.truncatus(Teilhard de Chardin,1942);3种中鼢鼠:Mesosiphneus primitivus sp.nov.,M.praetingi(Teilhard de Chardin,1942)和M.intermedius(Teilhard de Chardin&Young,1931)。修订了原鼢鼠属(Prosiphneus)、上新鼢鼠属(Pliosiphneus)、日进鼢鼠属(Chardina)和中鼢鼠属(Mesosiphneus)的属征。根据古地磁年代记录,探讨了Pr.eriksoni→Pliosiphneus cf.Pl.lyratus,Pr.eriksoni→C.sinensis,C.gansuensis→M.primitivus之间的进化关系。     

记安徽和县猿人地点(鼠平)科(Arvicolidae)一新属新种——变异华南鼠(Huananomys variabilis)

本文着重描述了1980-1981年采自安徽和县龙潭洞的—类(鼠平)科化石.根据臼齿的特殊性状及其与相关属种的比较,建立了—新属新种——变异华南鼠(Huananomys variabilis).这种田鼠可能与水(鼠平)(Arvicola)有共同的起源,属早更新世——中更新世中晚期—绝灭的支系.     

不同群体鳙的生长性能与遗传分析

1982至1986年,在上海与广东两地精养鱼池中,对来源于不同繁殖群体的鳙,即长江水系天然繁殖的鳙和人工繁殖的鳙,珠江水系天然繁殖和人工繁殖的鳙,用随机区组成试验法观察比较了2龄和3龄阶段的生长速度,结果一致表明：在同一环境里,天然繁殖鳙比人工繁殖鳙长得快,长江天然繁殖鳙比珠江天然繁殖鳙长得快,长江人工繁殖鳙比珠江人工殖鳙长得快,差距约5％左右,方差组分和遗传相关分析进一步揭示,遗传因子在不同繁殖群体鳙的生长差异上起有重要作用。     

CHAROPHYTES OF NANXIONG BASIN, GUANGDONG AND ITS CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY

The present paper makes a second study on the fossil oogonia of the Charophyta from the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong. The first study (Huang Ren-jin, 1979) concerned the charophyte fossil of Late Cretaceous and Paleogene from the same basin, while the present one contains Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and charopbytes of this basin.     

EVOLUTION, TAXONOMY AND ANTITROPICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE PORPOISES (PHOCOENIDAE, MAMMALIA)

True porpoises are a morphologically distinctive and evolutionarily old group of odontocete cetaceans classified as the family Phocoenidae. They are distinct from members of the family Delphinidae, with which they have sometimes been classified. Re-examination of all living and fossil species of phocoenids yields new information on the evolution of the family and indicates the need for significant taxonomic changes. Two separate lines of descent within the group are classified as the subfamilies Phocoeninae and Phocoenoidinae. The living southern hemisphere spectacled porpoise, Phocoena dioptrica , is actually more closely related to the North Pacific Dali's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli , than to other species of Phocoena. It therefore belongs in the subfamily Phocoenoidinae with Phocoenoides but represents a separate genus, Australophocaena (new genus). The earliest unquestioned fossil phocoenids have been found only in rocks around the Pacific basin. They include latest Miocene and Pliocene species of Piscolithax and the Late Miocene Salumiphocaena stocktoni (new genus) in the Phocoenoidinae, and an undescribed latest Miocene species in the Phocoeninae. World climate has influenced past and present distributions of phocoenids, and Australopbocaena dioptrica is possibly the antitropical counterpart of Phocoenoides dalli. All species of living phocoenids show similarities caused by convergent evolution, resulting in part from the phenomenon of paedomorphosis.     

甘肃东乡几种早中新世哺乳动物化石

本文记述了在甘肃东乡椒子沟发现的几种早中新世哺乳动物化石:Gomphotherium sp、Dzungariotheriura orgosense、Rhinocerotidae gen. indet.和Paraentelodon macrognathus sp. nov.,着重讨论了全北区猪齿兽类的系统关系。根据化石的性质判断,东乡椒子沟化石点的地质时代应与欧洲Burdigalian早期,亦即MN_3相当或稍早。笔者将原定为上新世临夏组的第一、二岩性段划出,命名为椒子沟组,其时代为早中新世。     

利用无线电技术对达乌尔鼠兔巢区的研究

达乌尔鼠兔是内蒙古草原斑块分布的一种害鼠。它们在斑块间的扩散对其种群调节和进化都有重要意义。文章对两个家族的达乌尔鼠兔进行了无线电遥测研究。它们的巢区面积从3138M²到17062M²,核心区面积从1292M²到7808M²。雄性—雌性巢区重叠面积比雌性—雌性巢区重叠面积大。该鼠的扩散和探索距离可达 200m.从9月开始鼠兔的活动就很活跃,尤其是探索活动和扩散。多数扩散个体在移居点很快消失。     

百色旧石器遗址的若干地貌演化问题

百色盆地形成于第三纪初期, 并沉积湖相含煤建造。早第三纪末在喜马拉雅运动主幕作用下, 盆地上升, 早第三纪沉积出现错断和挤压, 并遭受剥蚀。上新世末至第四纪时期, 构造运动表现为间歇式抬升,盆地中形成七级阶地。第Ⅳ级阶地沉积中多处发现旧石器遗址,在相同层位还一起发现埋藏的玻璃陨石, 说明旧石器遗址的地质年龄大致在距今73万年左右。有时在第Ⅳ级阶地沉积的不同岩石地层单元中都发现有旧石器, 根据地层穿时性分析, 推测它们可能形成于同一时期。此外, 第Ⅳ级阶地形成后, 受构造运动影响, 该阶地被错断、抬升, 有时形成多级台地, 但通过野外调查可以确定它们属于同一阶地。     

喜马拉雅山中段上新世三趾马动物群生活环境的探讨

<正> 前言喜马拉雅山的隆起是地球史上,新生代以来重大的地质事件之一。隆起的喜马拉雅山阻挡了印度洋暖湿季风的影响,形成了气候的屏障作用,致使喜马拉雅山南北坡自然环境发生了巨大的变化。因此,要了解青藏高原及相邻地区自然环境的现状和演变历史,对     

MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF PETIOLAR NECTARIES IN IPOMOEA (CONVOLVULACEAE)

The distribution of petiolar nectaries in 24 species of Ipomoea was investigated. Petiolar nectaries were found on 12 species (8 new reports, 4 confirmations of previous reports) and quoted from the literature as being found on 3 other species; they were absent from 9 species investigated. The structure of petiolar nectaries in the genus ranges from simple beds of superficial nectar-secreting trichomes (1 species), to slightly recessed “basin nectaries” (8 species), to “crypt nectaries,” which are structurally the most complex extrafloral nectaries known (3 species). (Structures were not determined for 3 species.) Petiolar nectaries are present in all subgenera, but all crypt nectaries occur in the same section (Eriospermum). Species with extrafloral nectaries tend to be perennial; species lacking extrafloral nectaries tend to be annual. There is no relationship between temperate or tropical habitat and presence of nectaries.     

THE ROLE OF INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE GILA ROBUSTA COMPLEX (TELEOSTEI: CYPRINIDAE)

Abstract The extent and impact of introgressive hybridization was examined in the Gila robusta complex of cyprinid fishes using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation. Lower Colorado River basin populations of G. robusta, G. elegans, and G. cypha exhibited distinct mtDNAs, with only limited introgression of G. elegans into G. cypha. The impact of hybridization was significant in upper Colorado River basin populations; most upper basin fishes sampled exhibited only G. cypha mtDNA haplotypes, with some individuals exhibiting mtDNA from G. elegans. The complete absence of G. robusta mtDNA, even in populations of morphologically pure G. robusta, indicates extensive introgression that predates human influence. Analysis of the geographic distribution of variation identified two distinctive G. elegans lineages; however, the small number of individuals and localities sampled precluded a comprehensive analysis. Analysis of haplotype and population networks for G. cypha mtDNAs from 15 localities revealed low divergence among haplotypes; however, significant frequency differences among populations within and among drainages were found, largely attributable to samples in the Little Colorado River region. This structure was not associated with G. cypha and G. robusta, as morphotypes from the same location are more similar than conspecific forms in other locations. This indicates that morphological and mtDNA variation are affected by different evolutionary forces in Colorado River Gila and illustrates how both hybridization and local adaptation can play important roles in evolution.