Determination of crucial epitopes in the sperm protein calsperin employing synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies

The chaperone protein calsperin is exclusively expressed in the testes and is essential for sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct. During spermatogenesis, calsperin interacts with ADAM3, a spermatozoon membrane protein required for fertilization. In this study, we characterized a calsperin epitope by using two monoclonal antibodies and resin-bound calsperin peptides, which were tested for reactivity using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An epitope located at the C-terminal end of calsperin corresponding to amino acids ²²⁸WEKHFLDAS²³⁷ was identified. Three hot spot amino acids were essential for antibody binding whereas the remaining amino acids in the identified epitope appeared to be essential for bringing the critical contact residues into an α-helix structure. No notable sequence similarity was determined between the identified calsperin epitope and calreticulin, a chaperone homologue with sequence similarity, indicating that the identified epitope was specific for calsperin. Characterization of the calsperin epitope and of the two antibodies tested may be used in assays for further characterization of calsperin, where knowledge about the binding sites is necessary, for example, in sandwich assays. Moreover, studies like these may be used to study the function of calsperin during spermatogenesis and fertilization in detail and to develop new male contraception methods by targeting calsperin and mediating neutralization of its function.     

Detection of antigens on nitrocellulose paper immunoblots with monoclonal antibodies

A very sensitive method for the detection of antigen-antibody complexes on nitrocellulose paper immunoblots is described. The protein antigens are separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by their electrophoretic transfer onto a nitrocellulose sheet (“Western blot”). The protein antigens bound to the nitrocellulose paper are exposed to the monoclonal antibody and the antibody-antigen complexes are detected on the paper by an immunoenzymatic reaction. The improved sensitivity of this method is the result of (i) the use of the detergent Tween 20 in blocking the nonspecific binding of the antibodies to the nitrocellulose paper, (ii) the use of a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) reaction, and (iii) the intensification of the diaminobenzidine reaction product with nickel and cobalt ions in phosphate buffer.     

Specific serum IgG, but not IgA, antibody against purified Opisthorchis viverrini antigen associated with hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma

Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces hepatobiliary disease (HBD)-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) via a chronic inflammatory immune response. Here, we evaluated specific IgG and IgA antibodies against different fractions of O. viverrini antigen in residents from an endemic community in Northeast Thailand with varying hepatobiliary abnormalities. Crude somatic O. viverrini antigen was purified into three fractions (viz., P1, P2 and P3) by gel infiltration chromatography and these served as antigens for detection of fluke-specific IgG and IgA antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed fluke-specific IgG and IgA antibody levels—against these antigens from subjects with O. viverrini-positive HBD—higher than in subjects with O. viverrini-negative HBD. Interestingly, the rank of fluke-specific IgG (and not IgA) antibody levels against crude extract and P1 antigens was CCA > severe HBD > mild HBD > healthy individuals. Purified antigens reduced cross-reactivity with other parasites compared to the crude antigen. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HBD status was significantly associated with the liver fluke-specific IgG antibody against purified antigens. These results suggest that purified O. viverrini-antigen improves serodiagnosis for the evaluation of opisthorchiasis-associated HBD, and may be useful in the screening of opisthorchiasis in subjects at risk of developing CCA.     

1组曲霉单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备并鉴定一组抗曲霉不同抗原的单克隆抗体。方法采用烟曲霉细胞壁抗原成分、分泌抗原和灭活分生孢子,分别免疫BALB／c小鼠,制备单克隆抗体,免疫荧光法鉴定单克隆抗体与曲霉属和念珠菌属抗原的交叉反应。结果获得29株稳定分泌抗曲霉单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,其中用烟曲霉细胞壁抗原成分免疫获得11株,用分泌抗原免疫获得13株,用孢子免疫获得5株;Ig亚类鉴定,11个克隆株为IgG1亚类,3个克隆株为IgG3,15个克隆株为IgM。免疫荧光法鉴定29株单抗特异性识别烟曲霉细胞壁抗原,与其他曲霉抗原有交叉反应。结论29株单克隆抗体,对于建立侵袭性曲霉感染早期诊断方法、筛选曲霉保护性抗体以及研究抗体保护机制奠定了实验基础。     

Immunofluorescent staining method for use with monoclonal antibodies

This note describes an immunofluorescent staining method for cells in the S-phase which have been allowed to take up bromodeoxyuridine into their DNA in place of thymine. The technique involves the use of fluorescinated monoclonal antibodies against bromodeoxyuridine and allows rapid and accurate estimation of cells in the S-phase, the technique does not require interpretation by skilled technicians.     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素C3单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备稳定分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素C3（SEC3）单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对单克隆抗体的性质进行鉴定。方法以SEC3重组蛋白免疫Balb／c小鼠,应用细胞融合技术将小鼠的脾细胞与sR／0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA法检测筛选及2次有限稀释法克隆化培养,获得目的杂交瘤细胞株,并对其所产生的单克隆抗体进行效价、亲和常数及抗原识别表位等相关性质的鉴定。结果最终获得了两株能分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞1C12和2A2,两者细胞培养上清的效价分别为1：3200和1：1600。经分析可知1C12细胞株的亲和力高于2A2细胞株,同时相加实验表明两个单克隆抗体识别抗原表位相同。结论单克隆抗体制备成功,为进一步完善肠毒素SEC3的临床检测奠定了基础。     

An Improved Antiserum for Sensitive Serologic Detection of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus

A Syrian chickpea isolate of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV; genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) was purified and yielded 0.6–0.8 mg of purified virus per kg of infected chickpea tissue. The purified preparations were injected into a rabbit and an antiserum of good quality was obtained and used to evaluate different serological tests for the detection of CpCDV in infected chickpea leaf tissue and extracts. CpCDV was detected in sap dilutions of 1/640 by double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA) and dot‐blot ELISA, and in sap dilutions of 1/1280 by direct antigen‐coating (DAC)‐ELISA using CpCDV immunoglobulin G (IgG) at 0.5 μg/ml. The antiserum was also able to detect the capsid protein of CpCDV by Western blot using raw antiserum at a dilution of 1/2000. The CpCDV raw antiserum (third bleeding) produced had a titre of 1/320 000 when determined by tissue‐blot immunoassay (TBIA); whereas, coating ELISA plates with CpCDV IgG at a concentration of 0.004 μg/ml was enough to detect the virus by DAS‐ELISA in a sap dilution of 1/20 using an enzyme conjugate at a dilution of 1/2000.     

抗脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇单克隆抗体的制备

[目的]小麦赤霉病菌产生的毒素不仅在病害发展过程中具有加重赤霉病的作用,而且污染谷物导致严重的食用安全性问题.由于赤霉病的普遍发生,有必要建立快速、灵敏、有效的毒素检测方法,本试验旨在制备可用于检测被脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染的粮谷类特异性单克隆抗体.[方法]本实验首先将脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的衍生物3-半琥珀酰-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-HS-DON-OVA)与卵清蛋白(OVA)采用碳化二亚胺法进行偶联得到人工抗原,以此人工抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,取该鼠脾细胞与SP2/O鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,经筛选和克隆,得到了1株能稳定分泌DON抗体的单克隆细胞株(382),并制备单克隆抗体腹水.[结果]经检测382的抗体类型及亚类均为IgG1,其轻链为κ链.腹水通过间接酶联免疫吸附测定效价在1×10-7以上.该单克隆抗体与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇特异性结合反应的50%抑制质量浓度为29 μg/L,除与3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-Ac-DON)的交叉反应率为78.38%,与其他脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇结构类似物无交叉反应.[结论]本实验所制备的单克隆抗体有较高的灵敏度和特异性,具有较好的应用价值.     

Specific detection of the Andean strain of potato virus S monoclonal antibodies

Four mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the Andean strain of potato virus S (PVS^A) were produced. The MAbs reacted with four isolates of PVS^Abut did not react with four isolates of ordinary strain of PVS (PVS^O). The MAbs did not react with six other members of the Carlavirus group including potato virus M. A MAb-based ELISA, using MAbs (IEB-1 and IEB-4-AP), was devised and shown to specifically detect PVS^A.     

Production and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies for detection of entomopoxvirus from Melanoplus sanguinipes

Entomopoxviruses (EPV) are currently being considered as candidate grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) microbial control agents. Classical techniques for diagnosing infections in grasshoppers are laborious, time consuming, and sometimes inaccurate. Specific murine monoclonal antibodies were developed against an EPV from Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab) for use in a nitrocellulose-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (dot-blot). An IgG_2b monoclonal antibody was used to diagnose infections in grasshoppers 13 days following injection with virions. Of 25 grasshoppers that had patent infections microscopically, 22 produced positive results on the dot-blot. In a second test, 39 patently infected grasshoppers all produced positive results. Seven additional grasshoppers in the first test and 2 in the second test gave positive reactions in the dot-blot method but virus was not detected upon microscopic examination. The monoclonal antibody did not cross-react with other commonly occurring grasshopper pathogens. The dot-blot method detected as few as 2.5×10⁶ purified EPV virions. The improvement over existing detection techniques should facilitate evaluation of EPV for field use.

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Prodution et caractérisation partielle d'anticorps monoclonaux pour la détection d'entomopoxyvirus de Melanoplus sanguinipes

Résumé Les criquets sont très nuisibles aux pâturages de l'Ouest des USA et du Canada. Les méthodes classiques de protection sont basées sur les traitements chimiques lors des pullulations. Un entomopoxvirus (EPV) extrait de M. sanguinipes est généralement considéré comme un outil, pour le contrôle des populations sur une longue période, en vue de la suppression des criquets. Les méthodes actuelles d'isolement de EPV sont longues, pénibles et peu fiables. Les tests d'adsorption des antigènes sur l'anticorps fixé et le dosage per l'anticorps enzymatiquement marqué sont efficaces, sûrs et donnent à temps des résultats pour déceler des entomopathogènes. Nous avons produit des anticorps monoclonaux de souris contre EPV de M. sanguinipes, et les avons utilisés dans des dosages immunoenzymatiques d'extraits protéiques adsorbés sur nitrocellulose. Les EPV sont recherchés sur des criquets injectés de virions 13 jours avant. Sur 25 criquets qui présentaient des infections nettes lors d'examens microscopiques, 22 ont donné des résultats positifs par sérologie. Dans un second test, sur 38 criquets nettement contaminés, tous ont donné des résultats positifs; 7 criquets suppl'ementaires mentaires dans le premier test et 2 dans le second test ont donné des résultats positifs en sérologie alors que l'examen microsopique n]avait pas test ont donné des résultats positifs en sérologie alors que l'examen microsopique n'avait pas révélé de virus. Ceci montre que ce type de détection est plus sûr que la méthode ordinaire. Les anticorps monoclonaux ne donnent pas de réactions avec les autres pathogènes courants des criquets. La méthode sérologique a permis de détecter même une concentration de 2,5×10⁶ virions EPV.

     

Serological study of yeast killer toxins by monoclonal antibodies

Yeast killer toxins coded by determined and undetermined killer plasmids or presumptive nuclear gene(s) in various genera (Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Pichia and Candida) have been serologically investigated by a monoclonal antibody (KT4), produced against the yeast killer toxin of Pichia (Hansenula) anomala UCSC 25F. Double immunodiffusion with the killer toxins as antigens and indirect immunofluorescence on whole cells of the corresponding killer yeast have been used. In both the serological procedures, monoclonal antibody KT4 proved to be reacting only with the killer toxins and the whole cells of yeasts belonging to the genus Pichia.     

Establishment of bovine prion peptide-based monoclonal antibodies for identifying bovine prion

To obtain high titer monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) which can react with mammalian prion protein (PrP), Balb/C mice were immunized with bovine (Bo) PrP peptide (BoPrP 209—228 aa) coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against the pep-tide were established by cell fusion and cloning. The obtained McAbs were applied to detect recombi-nant human, bovine and hamster PrP, cellular prion protein (PrP^c) in normal bovine brain and patho-genic scrapie prion protein (PrP^Sc) accumulated in the medulla oblongata of bovine spongiform en-cephalopathy(BSE)specimen with Western blot and immunohistochemical detection, respectively. The current procedure might offer a simple, feasible method to raise high titer antibodies for studying bio-logical features of PrP in mammals, as well as detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) and diagnosis of BSE, in particular.     

Probing eukaryotic RNA polymerases B with monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies directed against RNA polymerase B of the fungus Podospora comata were selected on the basis of different subunits recognition and inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. A library of 10 antibodies biased toward B180, B145, B39, B23,5 and B11 subunits was constructed. Most of these antibodies also recognize yeast, wheat germ and calf thymus RNA polymerase B. Subunits bearing antigenic determinants are not always homologous in Podospora and yeast enzyme. As some of these antibodies strongly inhibit enzyme activity they constitute potent probes for functional studies of corresponding subunits.     

Preparation and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Salicylic Acid (in English)

专一识别水杨酸的单克隆抗体的制备及应用 王树才^1,2李国婧¹ 夏凯¹ 徐朗莱²陈溥言³ 周燮^1*     

弹尾虫单克隆抗体的制备及其在捕食研究中的应用

应用杂交瘤技术制备了针对弹尾虫的单克隆抗体2F10。该抗体的效价为1.024×108,只与灰橄榄长角跳虫、球角跳虫和钩圆跳虫等弹尾虫发生强烈反应而不与稻田常见的其它昆虫和蜘蛛发生交叉反应,具有高度特异性。建立了2F10、HRP-2F10和蜘蛛样品分别稀释4000倍(34.193ng/L)、1500倍(2.4624ng/L)和50倍(50ml/individual)的抗体夹心ELISA检测系统用于检测稻田常见蜘蛛对弹尾虫的捕食作用。其检测灵敏度为1/2头灰橄榄长角跳虫(4.49μg),拟环纹豹蛛捕食1头灰橄榄长角跳虫成虫后,在25℃下猎物的可测定时间为4.5h。应用该检测系统研究了不同稻区常见蜘蛛对2F10的阳性反应率。其中狡蛛、拟环纹豹蛛、纵条蝇狮和纵条蝇虎的阳性反应率显著高于食虫瘤胸蛛、八斑球腹蛛和锥腹肖蛸。     

专一识别甲酯化赤霉素7，4的单克隆抗体的制备

合成Gas－3-O－HAS免疫原的同时,往往产生Gaa－7－CONH—HAS等其它成分,从而有可能通过特定的ELISA分步筛选法,在一次单抗研制流程中兼得两类针对不同Gas抗原决定簇的单克隆抗体(Mabs)。交叉反应结果表明,其中的Mab BG2对GA_7/4甲酯具有高亲和力和专一性,它与GA7me的亲和力比GA3me与GA1me分别高出100与200倍。7位羧基的甲酯化可显著增加Gas与该抗体的结合,而A环上双键或3β基的缺失,19,10－r-内酯环的破坏及D环上13位羟基的存在却严重降低Gas．与它的结合。这种高专一性的单抗将可用于高等植物和真菌体内早期非羟化途径中的GA7与GA4的免疫定量与定位研究。用该抗体建立的GA4me与GA7me ELlSAs具有极高的灵敏度,两者的检测范围分别为1．0×10^-14～1．O×1O^-13mol与2．0×10^-15～2．0×10^-13mol。     

Preparation monoclonal β-type anti-idiotype antibody of zearalenone and development of green ELISA quantitative detecting technique

Abstract

Immunoassay has been widely used in the screening of mycotoxins, which may be hazardous to the operator or the environment. This study was to develop a green way to measure zearalenone (ZEN) with a monoclonal β-type anti-idiotype antibody (Ab2β) against ZEN in place of ZEN standard. Six monoclonal β-type anti-idiotype antibodies were prepared. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value to ZEN of the six antibodies was between 34.45?±?1.12–182.12?±?15.40?nM. A green ELISA was then developed and validated. The quantitative conversion formula between ZEN and the monoclonal Ab2β against ZEN was y?=?0.092x^0.722, R² = 0.990. The working range was 2.63–100.64?ng ml^?1. The recovery rate in spiked feed samples was from 82.15% to 102.79%, and the within-assay and between-assay coefficient variation (CV) level were less than 10.00%. A good correlation was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) to validate the developed method.     

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin) in plant proliferating cells: immunohistochemical and quantitative analysis using autoantibody and murine monoclonal antibodies to PCNA.

Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), also known as cyclin, is synthesized in proliferative cells and recently was identified as DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein. In this paper, the association of PCNA to the proliferative cells of plants was analysed using both autoantibodies to PCNA obtained from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and murine monoclonal antibodies. By immunohistochemical analysis, nuclei of cells around the growing point in soybean root tips reacted strongly with autoantibodies to PCNA in the serum from a patient with SLE. The plant PCNA in root tip cells was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE chromatography, and affinity chromatography. The partially purified plant PCNA was tested by immunoblotting and a 34 kD polypeptide reacted with both the human anti-PCNA autoantibody and a mouse monoclonal antibody against human PCNA (TOB 7). In addition, the purified plant PCNA reacted with both antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding of anti-PCNA serum to the animal PCNA was blocked by the plant PCNA in this ELISA. The association of PCNA with growing cells in plants was further confirmed by quantitative sandwich type ELISA using two murine monoclonal antibodies to PCNA, TOB7 and TO17. Those results suggested that PCNA in both plant and animal cells had the same immunological and biochemical characteristics and the plant PCNA might play an important role in cell growth, existing as it does in proliferating plant cells. The concentration of PCNA in soybean germ extract before germination was less than 5 ng ml-1 (protein concentration, 6.8 mg ml-1), but that of the root tip stem including the growing point increased to 887 ng ml-1 (protein concentration 3.8 mg ml-1) in the second day after germination.     

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the cholera toxin

Monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin were obtained. They do not cross-react with the termolabile toxin (LT) of Escherichia coli, ricin, diphtherial toxin, staphylococcus enterotoxins of SEA, SEB, SEI, SEG, or the lethal factor and protective antigen of the anthrax toxin. Pairs of antibodies for the quantitative measurement of the cholera toxin in sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were selected. The detection limit of the toxin is 0.2 ng/ml for plate EIA and 0.44 ng/ml for microchip EIA. The presence of milk, broth, or surface water in the toxin samples does not reduce the sensitivity of EIA.