大熊猫超轻初生幼仔人工哺育初探

大熊猫是存活率较低的动物之一 ,究其原因可能与其幼仔初生体重较轻有关 ,特别是与绝大多数哺乳动物相比 ,其幼仔初生重与母兽体重差异极大 ,约为母兽体重的千分之一 [1] ,加之大熊猫育幼行为高度特化 ,其幼仔存活更为不易。自 1 990年采用人工辅助育幼方式繁殖成活大熊猫双胞胎以来 ,人工圈养条件下 ,大熊猫的育幼方式概括起来有如下 4种 :1 )大熊猫母兽自行哺育 ,这是自 1 963年至今最常用的方式 ;2 )人工辅助大熊猫母兽育幼 [2 ] ,现已存活 5对双胞胎 [3] ;3)用大熊猫初乳与羊乳混合喂养 ,全人工育幼 [4 ,5] ,目前已育成 2只大熊猫 [5] ;…     

用消毒鲜牛奶全人工哺育美洲狮幼仔的试验初探

用消毒鲜牛奶先后2次对出生后即遭母兽遗弃的美洲狮幼仔进行全人工哺育。初步探讨了取出幼仔进行人工哺育的时机,人工乳的配制,幼仔的疾病防治以及保健护理等技术问题,并取得了试验成功。     

果子狸的麻醉试验和血常规检查

用眠乃宁麻醉果子狸 ,取血并作血常规检查 ,目前未见有关报道。笔者在这方面做了一些工作 ,现将情况总结如下。1　材料与方法1 1　材料　试验用果子狸由湖南省野生动物救护繁殖中心提供。麻醉药和苏醒药为解放军农牧大学兽医研究所生产的眠乃宁和和苏醒灵。1 2　方法　对 1 4只健康狸根据不同重量从后肢注射不同剂量的眠乃宁 ,待果子狸麻醉后 ,从其前肢静脉抽取 0 5ｍｌ血液送试验室检测 ,注射苏醒灵使果子狸解除麻醉 ,观察并记录麻醉和解除麻醉情况。 3只患细小病毒病的果子狸因无力反抗 ,采用人工直接保定从前肢抽血检测。2　结果和讨…     

Isolation and Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for the Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata)

The masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) has been suspected to be the host of a SARS-like CoV virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans. In China, the palm civet lives wild and is farmed, but even though the species is a potential carrier of the virus, its geographic distribution and genetic diversity have never been studied. We report the isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite markers for P. larvata. To characterize each locus, two farmed masked palm civet populations from Shanxi and Guangxi provinces in China were genotyped. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15, and the observed heterozygosity for these populations was 47.1 and 68.7%, respectively.     

Ovarian cycle of the captive formosan gem‐faced civets (Paguma larvata taivana)

Formosan gem‐faced civets are classified to be endemic sub‐species of Paguma larvata in Taiwan. Little about their reproductive physiology has been reported. This study was designed to characterize the ovarian activity throughout the year and define ovarian cycle length and the lengths of its component phases. Serum samples were collected for enzyme immunoassay (progesterone and estradiol) from seven captive civets twice weekly for 1 year. Meanwhile, periodic changes in external genitalia (vulva swelling) and vaginal cytology were examined and recorded. Results showed estrous cycles exhibited two types: 18‐day (18.5±1.1, n=64) and 28‐day (27.6±1.0, n=28) as shown by progesterone and estradiol fluctuations and corresponding changes in vulva morphology and vaginal cytology. Both types showed a similar 7‐day follicular phase, peaking progesterone at Day 7. The 18‐day cycle type prevails in the spring and summer whereas the 28‐day cycle type is significant in the autumn. In summary, female gem‐faced civets are polyestrous (approximately 13 cycles/year), and non‐typical seasonal breeders, with follicular phase and two distinct durations of luteal phases (diestrus) cycling throughout the year, but the frequency of ovarian cycles was remarkably gradually decreased from September to February of next year. Zoo Biol 0:1–11, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Carnivora: the primary structure of hemoglobin from the Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata, Viverridae)

The primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin from the Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata, Viverridae) is described. The chains were separated directly from hemoglobin by RP-HPLC. After tryptic digestion of the chains, the peptides were separated by RP-HPLC. Amino acid sequences were determined by Edman degradation in liquid and gas-phase sequencers. The alignment of the tryptic peptides was made by homology with human and other Carnivora hemoglobins. Paguma and human hemoglobin differ with respect to 23 amino-acid residues. Some of these amino-acid substitutions, which occur in both the alpha- and beta-chains, occur at contact sites between the subunits, and at the binding sites of heme and of organic phosphate, as well as involving residues responsible for the alkaline Bohr effect.     

河南伏牛山北坡果子狸夏季巢穴生境特征

通过对伏牛山北坡果子狸夏季巢穴生境选择的研究,以海拔、植被类型、坡度、坡向、坡位、巢穴隐蔽程度、水源距离、干扰距离、郁闭度、乔木距离、灌木距离、灌木密度12个指标进行评估。分析结果表明,果子狸夏季巢穴生境的选择特征是:(1)地理分布因子:海拔900-1200m地带,以阔叶林为主,杂有少量针阔混交林。(2)干扰因子:距离人类活动较近的地方。(3)隐蔽因子:郁闭度高、灌木密度高、隐蔽程度好的巢穴。(4)地形因子:巢穴位于斜坡或陡坡的上坡位或中坡位的阳坡或半阳坡。(5)食物丰富度因子:巢穴选择在乔木个体发育较好的阔叶林中,有丰富的食物来源。(6)水源因子:水源距离在100m以内。     

Two year Cottbus reinfarction study with 30 mg aspirin per day.

All 701 heart infarction patients admitted to 15 hospitals in the district of Cottbus between 1981 and 1983 were randomly administered 30, 60 or 1000 mg aspirin daily according to the territorial affiliation of their local hospitals. The physical and drug therapy during the 2 years follow-up was highly standardized; deviations--as far as they occurred--were documented. Lower all-cause mortality was statistically demonstrated in patients over 60 and a lower fatal reinfarction rate in patients over 50 as well as in men. Deaths and fatal reinfarctions were significantly lower among patients with a history of angina pectoris, marked ST-depression, with an infarction location except for the posterior wall and among hypercholesterolemic patients. The preventive effect of 60 mg aspirin daily was less than that of 30 mg in comparison to the 1000 mg group. Side effects were seen in 4 and 8% (first and second year), respectively, of the patients administered 30 mg aspirin as opposed to 22 and 17% in patients allocated 1000 mg. We conclude that the optimum dose of aspirin for preventing reinfarctions could be as low as 30 mg daily.     

Advancing breeding in stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to produce two reproductive cycles per year

The effects of photoperiod and temperature manipulation on reproductive cycles in threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus were examined. The experimental “advanced group” conditions were adjusted to simulate two reproductive seasons within a calendar year by adjusting light and temperature cycles. G. aculeatus subject to advanced conditions had two reproductive cycles per year, grew at normal rates and suffered little additional mortality. The research of many stickleback scientists would benefit from faster generation times and our methods could potentially shorten the time required to produce fish for genetic, behavioural and morphological work.