Single-Batch Production of Recombinant Human Polyclonal Antibodies

We have previously described the development and implementation of a strategy for production of recombinant polyclonal antibodies (rpAb) in single batches employing CHO cells generated by site-specific integration, the Sympress^TM I technology. The Sympress^TM I technology is implemented at industrial scale, supporting a phase II clinical development program. Production of recombinant proteins by site-specific integration, which is based on incorporation of a single copy of the gene of interest, makes the Sympress^TM I technology best suited to support niche indications. To improve titers while maintaining a cost-efficient, highly reproducible single-batch manufacturing mode, we have evaluated a number of different approaches. The most successful results were obtained using random integration in a new producer cell termed ECHO, a CHO DG44 cell derivative engineered for improved productivity at Symphogen. This new expression process is termed the Sympress^TM II technology. Here we describe proof-of-principle data demonstrating the feasibility of the Sympress^TM II technology for single-batch rpAb manufacturing using two model systems each composed of six target-specific antibodies. The compositional stability and the batch-to-batch reproducibility of rpAb produced by the ECHO cells were at least as good as observed previously using site-specific integration technology. Furthermore, the new process had a significant titer increase.     

人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ单克隆抗体及多克隆抗体的制备

目的:以重组人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)为抗原制备鼠源单克隆抗体(McAb)及兔源多克隆抗体,并鉴定抗体的特性。方法:以纯化的重组人cTnⅠ为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取鼠脾细胞同Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,利用选择培养基筛选融合的杂交瘤细胞,用有限稀释法分离获得能够稳定分泌抗cTnⅠ的McAb阳性克隆,并利用体内诱生法大规模制备McAb,用辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀法纯化抗体;兔多抗制备以cTnⅠ为抗原常规免疫后取其血清;用间接ELISA和Western印迹鉴定抗体的性质。结果:经ELISA鉴定,筛选出5株能分泌cTnⅠMcAb的杂交瘤细胞株,即C5B2、C5B3、C5B4、C5B1、B1A6,效价最高的B1A6株分泌的McAb为IgG3型,纯化后效价为1∶10000,亲和常数为1.08×10-9mol/L,Western印迹鉴定表明cTnⅠMcAb有良好的特异性;兔多抗纯化后的效价为1∶8000。结论:制备了具有良好特性的cTnⅠMcAb和多克隆抗体。     

凋亡素蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及免疫学评价

凋亡素由鸡贫血病毒中的VP3基因编码,能诱导多种肿瘤细胞发生凋亡。以真核表达载体pcDNA3.0-VP3为模板构建原核表达载体pET8a-VP3,经NdeⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切鉴定和基因测序无误后,在IPGT诱导下表达VP3蛋白并对其进行纯化,将纯化后的VP3蛋白与弗氏完全佐剂或不完全佐剂乳化后,分别对两只新西兰大耳白兔进行皮下多点注射,间接ELISA检测免疫后血清效价,效价达到指标后第2天以心脏穿刺的方法采全血后分离抗血清。抗血清效价高的兔子进一步采用Protein A纯化总IgG,最终纯化后的抗体效价可以达到1 ∶ 243 000。用重组腺相关病毒rAAV-VP3感染细胞后对抗体的特异性进行免疫学评价。首先利用免疫荧光技术检测VP3基因在人膀胱癌细胞株T24、EJ细胞以及Vero细胞中的表达情况,观察到凋亡素在T24、EJ细胞中主要定位于细胞核,而在Vero细胞中则定位于细胞质。其次通过Western blotting检测纯化后的抗体能与细胞内腺相关病毒介导表达的凋亡素蛋白特异性结合。实验证明了制备的凋亡素蛋白多克隆抗体的有效性和特异性,为进一步阐明凋亡素抗肿瘤效应的分子机制及生物学特性奠定了基础。     

柑橘衰退病毒多克隆和单克隆抗体的制备及检测效果分析

通过改进提纯方法获得了柑橘衰退病毒(Citrustristezavirus,CTV)的提纯液,其产量为1mg/100g植物组织。用CTV免疫大耳白兔,获得多克隆抗体,间接ELISA效价为1∶25600。用CTV免疫小鼠,经细胞融合、ELISA筛选和克隆化培养,获得18株能稳定分泌抗CTV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤单细胞株。对其中4株单克隆腹水抗体进行分析的结果表明,这些抗体的ELISA效价为1∶51200~1∶204800,其中2G和3H的抗体类型及亚类为IgG2a,1E和4H为IgG2b。用所制备抗体对不同来源柑橘样品的CTV检测结果显示,单克隆和多克隆抗体结合使用,采用三抗体夹心ELISA(TAS-ELISA)可以获得理想的检测效果,其特异性强、灵敏度高。同时发现所分析4株单克隆抗体对不同的CTV分离物鉴别能力存在差异,但有关这些CTV分离物的特性及其血清学关系还需进一步研究。     

Production of Nurr-1 Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Free of Cross-reactivity Against Its Close Homologs,Nor1 and Nur77

The nuclear receptor subfamily 4 (NR4A) is composed of 3 related proteins sharing a DNA binding domain (DBD) and a ligand-binding domain (LBD). The nuclear receptor related 1 protein (Nurr1 or NR4A2) plays a key role in the maintenance of the dopaminergic system. Dopamine dysfunctions associated with the Nurr1 gene include Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and manic depression among others. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that Nurr1 is also expressed in other brain areas such as the hippocampus and plays critical roles for learning and memory. The other members of the family are nerve growth factor IB (Nur77 or NR4A1) and neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1 or NR4A3). To help investigate the precise functional roles of Nurr1 in dopaminergic and other brain region-related neuronal dysfunctions antibodies devoid of cross-reactivities against Nur77 and NOR1 were needed. Since the proteins are more divergent in their LBDs than in their DNA binding domains immunization with purified LBDs should yield antibodies specific for Nurr1 with minimal reactivities against Nur77 and/or NOR1. Although anti-Nurr1 antibodies were successfully generated these showed significant immunoreactivity against the other members of the family. Affinity chromatography over immobilized Protein A followed by pre-adsorption against immobilized Nur77 and NOR1 LBDs yielded Nurr1 specific antibodies free of cross-reactivity. Here, we selectively target antibodies against a specific member of a highly conserved family of proteins by immunizing animals with their most divergent regions followed by removing cross reactive antibodies by pre-adsorption. The goal of the protocol is to increase polyclonal antibodies specificity through pre-adsorption against cross-reactive antigens.     

Production of Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies Against Hyphae from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Abstract

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were produced against hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus monosporum. The polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were raised in a rabbit by immunizing with hyphae. They were tested for their specificity by a dot-immunoblot assay (DIBA). After the third immunization, a distinct difference in the signal strength was observed between the antisera and the preimmune serum. The pAbs showed cross-reactions to a number of fungal species, both mycorrhizal and other. For the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mice were immunized intraperitoneally with hyphae. The resulting hybridoma cell culture supernatants were tested by an indirect immunolabeling procedure. For this purpose the hyphae were immobilized on silane-coated microscopic slides. The mAb 8A7 reacted with hyphae from all Glomus isolates tested so far. Cross-reactivities were not observed with hyphae from fungi of the family Acaulosporaceae, phytopathogenic fungi tested so far, or from spores from Glomus species.     

Preparation and Affinity-Purification of Supervillin Isoform 4 (SV4) Specific Polyclonal Antibodies

Human Supervillin isoform 4 (SV4), a bigger splicing isoform of Supervillin, contains extra coding exons 3, 4 and 5 (E345), compared to Supervillin isoform 1. Although previous studies have shown that SV4 associated with membrane and cytoskeleton, regulated cell migration and cell survival, its functions are still largely unknown. To broaden our understanding, SV4 specific antibody is important for further study in signaling pathway. The His-SV4 (E345) and GST-SV4 (E345) fusion proteins, which contained SV4 specific domain E345, were purified from bacteria. The His-SV4 (E345) proteins were injected in rabbits as immunogen to produce anti-SV4 serum, and SV4 antibodies were purified by GST-SV4 (E345) proteins cross-linked to affinity resins. SV4 antibodies exclusively recognized SV4 protein both in vitro and in vivo through multi-step testing by ELISA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel SV4-specific polyclonal antibody which will provide a useful tool for further characterization of SV4 function.     

Structural Basis of Epitope Recognition by Heavy-Chain Camelid Antibodies

Truncated versions of heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) from camelids, also termed nanobodies, comprise only one-tenth the mass of conventional antibodies, yet retain similar, high binding affinities for the antigens. Here we analyze a large data set of nanobody–antigen crystal structures and investigate how nanobody–antigen recognition compares to the one by conventional antibodies. We find that nanobody paratopes are enriched in aromatic residues just like conventional antibodies, but additionally, they also bear a more hydrophobic character. Most striking differences were observed in the characteristics of the antigen's epitope. Unlike conventional antibodies, nanobodies bind to more rigid, concave, conserved and structured epitopes enriched with aromatic residues. Nanobodies establish fewer interactions with the antigens compared to conventional antibodies, and we speculate that high binding affinities are achieved due to less unfavorable conformational and more favorable solvation entropy contributions. We observed that interactions with antigen are mediated not only by three CDR loops but also by numerous residues from the nanobody framework. These residues are not distributed uniformly; rather, they are concentrated into four structurally distinct regions and mediate mostly charged interactions. Our findings suggest that in some respects nanobody–antigen interactions are more similar to the general protein–protein interactions rather than antibody–antigen interactions.     

Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to a Recombinant Coat Protein of Potato mop-top virus

The coat protein (CP) coding regions of two Czech Potato mop‐top virus (PMTV) isolates were sequenced and shown to be identical. One, the Korneta isolate CP gene, was cloned in several expression vectors. The recombinant PMTV‐CP was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified recombinant protein was used to produce PMTV‐specific polyclonal antibodies. The antiserum had a titre of 1 : 2000 in an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reacted specifically in immunoblotting and IPTA‐ ELISA (indirect plate‐trapped antigen (PTA)‐ELISA).     

Production and Characterization of Two Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Plasmopara halstedii

Sunflower downy mildew, caused by the fungus Plasmopara halstedii, is a potentially devastating disease. We produced two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (12C9 and 18E2) by immunizing mice with a partially purified extract of P. halstedii race 1. Both MAbs detected in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) all races of P. halstedii present in France. No cross-reactions were observed with Plasmopara viticola or with other fungi commonly associated with sunflowers. Both MAbs recognized the same three fungal antigens with molecular masses of 68, 140, and 192 kDa. However, the epitopes on the fungal antigens were distinct and repetitive. Seed homogenates from infected plants were incubated in wells coated with MAb 18E2. This resulted in the trapping of P. halstedii antigens that were identified with biotinylated MAb 12C9. No reactions were seen with seed homogenates from healthy plants. Thus, our results suggest that these MAbs might be used to develop a sandwich ELISA detection system for P. halstedii in infected seeds.     

Expression Cloning of Camelid Nanobodies Specific for Xenopus Embryonic Antigens

Developmental biology relies heavily on the use of conventional antibodies, but their production and maintenance involves significant effort. Here we use an expression cloning approach to identify variable regions of llama single domain antibodies (known as nanobodies), which recognize specific embryonic antigens. A nanobody cDNA library was prepared from lymphocytes of a llama immunized with Xenopus embryo lysates. Pools of bacterially expressed cDNAs were sib-selected for the ability to produce specific staining patterns in gastrula embryos. Three different nanobodies were isolated: NbP1 and NbP3 stained yolk granules, while the reactivity of NbP7 was predominantly restricted to the cytoplasm and the cortex. The isolated nanobodies recognized specific protein bands in immunoblot analysis. A reverse proteomic approach identified NbP1 target antigen as EP45/Seryp, a serine protease inhibitor. Given the unique stability of nanobodies and the ease of their expression in diverse systems, we propose that nanobody cDNA libraries represent a promising resource for molecular markers for developmental biology.     

LPTS抗体的制备和活性检测

LPTS是利用定位候选克隆策略 ,得到的一个新的肝相关候选肿瘤抑制基因 (anovelliver relatedputativetumorsuppressor) ,为了进一步研究其结构与功能 ,利用DNA重组技术 ,将LPTS的cDNA克隆到融合表达载体pET 2 4a中 ,在E .coli中表达 ,以Ni+柱亲和层析 ,获得纯化的 6×His LPTS融合蛋白。以此为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔获得多克隆抗体 ,ELISA法检测其滴度达 2 0 0 0 0以上 ,经亲和层析纯化 ,Western印迹结果表明 ,该纯化抗体可与真核表达的HA LPTS蛋白和内源性的LPTS蛋白特异性结合 ;免疫荧光分析显示SMMC 772 1细胞内源性表达的LPTS蛋白呈点状分布于细胞核内。以上结果表明获得了效价高 ,活性强的针对LPTS蛋白的多克隆抗体 ,可用于对LPTS的结构和功能研究。     

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the i and 1,2 Flagellar Antigens of Salmonella typhimurium and Characterization of Their Respective Epitopes

Salmonella typhimurium expresses two antigenically distinct flagellins, each containing a different H antigen (i and 1,2), the combination of which is highly specific for this serotype. In this study, overlapping recombinant flagellin fragments were constructed from the fliC (H:i) and fljB (H:1,2) flagellin genes, and the expression products were tested for binding to H antigen-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. A minimal area, 86 amino acids for H:i and 102 amino acids for H:1,2, located in the central variable domain of each flagellin was required for the binding of serotype-specific antibodies, providing further evidence for the presence of a discontinuous H epitope. Two peptides comprising these areas were shown to be highly suitable for application as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting S. typhimurium-specific antibody.     

Production and Characterization of Three Polyclonal Antibodies Raised Against Cyst Wall Proteins of a Hypotrichous Ciliate

ABSTRACT Three polyclonal antibodies raised against Paraurostyla sp. cyst wall polypeptides of molecular weight 110,000 (p110), 66,000 (p66) and 52,000 (p52) have been obtained. The specificity of the antisera was tested by immunoblotting. Anti-p110 antibody detected five bands of 300, 170, 135, 110 and 40 kDa, respectively. Antiserum obtained against p66 recognized only this protein. Anti-p52 antiserum showed reaction for two different bands of 52 and 44 kDa, respectively. The precise localization of these proteins in the cyst wall was assessed by light microscope immunocytochemistry. Anti-p110 antiserum produced a strong positive reaction in both the ectocyst and endocyst. Both anti-p66 and anti-p52 antibodies recognized the ectocyst.     

Mechanisms of Ricin Toxin Neutralization Revealed through Engineered Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Camelid Antibodies

Novel antibody constructs consisting of two or more different camelid heavy-chain only antibodies (VHHs) joined via peptide linkers have proven to have potent toxin-neutralizing activity in vivo against Shiga, botulinum, Clostridium difficile, anthrax, and ricin toxins. However, the mechanisms by which these so-called bispecific VHH heterodimers promote toxin neutralization remain poorly understood. In the current study we produced a new collection of ricin-specific VHH heterodimers, as well as VHH homodimers, and characterized them for their ability neutralize ricin in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the VHH heterodimers, but not homodimers were able to completely protect mice against ricin challenge, even though the two classes of antibodies (heterodimers and homodimers) had virtually identical affinities for ricin holotoxin and similar IC₅₀ values in a Vero cell cytotoxicity assay. The VHH heterodimers did differ from the homodimers in their ability to promote toxin aggregation in solution, as revealed through analytical ultracentrifugation. Moreover, the VHH heterodimers that were most effective at promoting ricin aggregation in solution were also the most effective at blocking ricin attachment to cell surfaces. Collectively, these data suggest that heterodimeric VHH-based neutralizing agents may function through the formation of antibody-toxin complexes that are impaired in their ability to access host cell receptors.     

Optimization of Anti-CXCL10 Nanobody Expression Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of its Anti-metastatic Effect on Breast Cancer cells

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Some chemokines and chemokine receptors play important roles in various types of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and cancer...     

ESPRG3多克隆抗体制备及初步功能研究

ESPRG3基因是一个与干细胞功能相关的基因,mESPRG3和hESPRG3基因被构建到原核及真核表达载体进行表达,原核表达蛋白用于制备多克隆抗体开展ESPRG3基因功能研究.真核表达载体EGFP被用于亚细胞定位.构建的mESPRG3基因原核及hESPRG3真核表达载体,成功进行了表达.利用IPTG诱导表达ESPRG3蛋白制备了多克隆抗体,免疫印迹和免疫组化结果表明制备的抗体具有特异性;表达的蛋白检测到体外具有结合DNA的能力.染色质免疫沉淀联合芯片技术检测到ESPRG3可以特异性结合到染色体上,且这些结合位点与Alu、及绝缘子序列具有关联性,可能通过这些位点调控胚胎干细胞的功能.