Étude Électrophorétique Et Immunochimique Comparée Des Antigènes De Quelques Levures Du GenreCandida (C. Albicans,C. Stellatoidea,C. Tropicalis,C. Zeylanoides,C. Krusei,C. Pseudotropicalis,C. Macedoniensis)

Résumé L'électrophorèse en gélose pratiquée sur les antigènes des espèces deCandida étudiées, met en évidence 6 fractions. La séparation bien que sommaire a permis l'appréciation de la nature chimique de ces antigènes. La zone de faible mobilité anodique constitue le composant majeur de nature essentiellement protéique, tandis que la fraction lente est intensément révélée par la coloration à l'acide périodique-réactif de Schiff. L'électrophorèse en gel d'amidon, grâce au grand pouvoir de résolution du support a fourni une meilleure séparation des protéines. Intéressants mais insuffisants, les résultats acquis par ces deux types d'électrophorèse de zone sont très largement complétés par ceux de l'immunoélectrophorèse. Cette dernière méthode d'une haute spécificité encore qu'elle reste tributaire de la qualité des immunsérums employés a conduit à un dénombrement précis des fractions antigéniques desCandida puis à la mise en évidence des antigènes communs et spécifiques des espèces étudiées. Les résultats obtenus confirment ceux que nous avons obtenus précédemment (Biguet & coll., 1959a, 1959b, 1960) quant aux affinités réciproques de certaines espèces. Reposant sur des bases physico-chimiques très différentes, ils rejoignent et confirment les travaux extrêment importants de l'école japonaise deTsuchiya et apportent un nouvel argument immunologique à l'hétérogénéité du genreCandida. Sous l'angle taxonomique au moins, il semble que notre méthode présente sur celle des auteurs japonais l'avantage de révéler un nombre beaucoup plus considérable de fractions, partant de permettre en particulier la mise en évidence de divergences de structure qui échapperaient par l'utilisation de leur technique (par exemple, celle qui séparentC. pseudotropicalis deC. macedoniensis).

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Summary Agar electrophoresis carried out on antigens ofCandida species studied yielded six fractions. The separation, though summary, permitted the evaluation of the chemical nature of the antigens. The zone of the weak anionic motility constitutes the major component, essentially proteinic in nature, while the slow fraction is intensely revealed by the PAS stain. Starch gel electrophoresis, due to its great power of resolution, yielded better separation of proteins. The results obtained by these two types of zone electrophoresis, interesting but not sufficient, are a great deal complemented by the results of immuno-electrophoresis. The latter method of high specificity, even though it depends on the quality of the immune serum used, led to a precise enumeration of the antigenic fractions ofCandida, furthermore to the evidence of common and specific antigens of the species studied. The results obtained confirmed those previously obtained (Biguet et coll., 1959a, 1959b, 1960) concerning the reciprocal affinities of certain species. Resting on very different physico-chemical bases, they confirm the extremely important work of the school ofTsuchiya and bring a new immunologic argument as to the heterogeneity of the genusCandida. At least under taxonomic point of view, it seems that our method shows an advantage compared with that of the Japanese authors in revealing a much greater number of fractions, consequently in permitting the proof of divergence of structure which would escape by using their technique (e.g. those which separateC. pseudotropicalis fromC. macedoniensis).

     

Seed structure in Crocus sativus L. ×, C. cartwrightianus Herb., C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. at SEM

Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is a sterile triploid geophyte widely cultivated for the production of the spice saffron and only reproduced by means of corms. Extensive research has identified Crocus cartwrightianus Herb. as being a probable progenitor of C. sativus. However, other diploid Crocus species of the same C. sativus group, such as C. thomasii Ten. and C. hadriaticus Herb., have been considered as possible progenitors of saffron. Of the characteristics for distinguishing critical genera, species and intraspecific taxa of angiosperms, the most widely adopted have been seed organisation and patterns of spermoderma microstructure detected at SEM. The aim of this study is to use SEM to analyse the seeds of C. sativus ×, a cross obtained by C. sativus with pollen of C. cartwrightianus Herb. and the seeds of allopollinated C. cartwrightianus, C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. Results indicate that the seed surface microstructure of C. sativus × is very similar to that of C. cartwrightianus while being different from those of C. thomasii and C. hadriaticus.     

Ecological Partitioning of Cercopithecus campbelli, C. petaurista, and C. diana in the Taï Forest

I determined the degree of ecological partitioning among 3 species of guenons (Cercopithecus campbelli, C. petaurista, and C. diana) in the Taï Forest, Côte d’Ivoire and used the partitioning data to understand competitive relationships among them. Over a 13-mo period, I measured ecological partitioning in terms of food and canopy stratum use for 2 habituated groups of each guenon species and also collected data on food availability. I found that the study species diverged primarily in food items consumed and vertical strata occupied. Cercopithecus petaurista ate much more foliage than the other species did and used mostly the middle strata (5–20 m). Cercopithecus diana ate primarily fruit and used mostly the upper strata (>20 m). Cercopithecus campbelli ate mostly fruit together with large amounts of animal matter and primarily occupied the ground and low strata (<5 m). Of the specific pairs, the diets of Cercopithecus campbelli/C. diana overlapped the most overall and decreased during the season of low fruit availability. Cercopithecus campbelli and C. diana age/sex classes also overlapped more than the age/sex classes of other species pairs. The results suggest that the potential for competition was more intense for Cercopithecus campbelli/C.diana relations than it is for other species pairs. I compare my results from Taï with those from other primate and guenon communities and demonstrate that dietary overlaps and seasonal dietary divergence are lower in Taï than in most other guenon communities.     

Studien überChenopodium opulifolium Schrader,C. ficifolium Sm. undalbum L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Studien überChenopodium opulifolium Schrader,C. ficifolium Sm. undalbum L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung