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1.
Summary Establishment of fast-growing, highly regenerable callus cultures was examined in Muscari armeniacum Leichtl. ex Bak. in order to develop an efficient genetic transformation system. High-frequency callus formation was obtained
from leaf explants of cv. Blue Pearl on media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram, PIC). Fast-growing, yellowish nodular callus lines and white friable
callus lines containing a few somatic embryos were established on initiation medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-D and with 54 μM NAA, respectively. The yellowish nodular calluses vigorously produced shoot buds after transfer to media containing 0.44–44
μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), whereas the white friable calluses produced numerous somatic embryos upon transfer to plant growth
regulator-free (PGR-F) medium. Histological observation of shoot buds and somatic embryos indicated that the former consisted
of an apparent shoot meristem and several leaf primordia, and the latter had two distinct meristematic regions, corresponding
to shoot and root meristems. Both shoot buds and somatic embryos developed into complete plantlets on PGR-F medium. Regenerated
plants showed no observable morphological alterations. High proliferation and regeneration ability of these calluses, were
maintained for over 2 yr. 相似文献
2.
Summary A procedure has been outlined for plant regeneration of an important medicinal shrub, Holarrhena antidysenterica, through shoot segment-derived callus. Explants used for callus induction were shoot segments derived from 14-d-old axenic
plants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 15 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA). A white friable type of callus was obtained in 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.32 μM kinetin which did not have the potentiality to regenerate. High-frequency shoot differentiation was achieved on transferring
the friable callus to MS medium supplemented with 17.8 μM BA and 8.0 μM naphthaleneacetic acid. The highest percentage of calluses forming shoots (65.06±2.26) was achieved in this medium. The organogenetic
potential of the regenerating callus was influenced by the age of the culture. Rooting was achieved on the shoots using MS
medium with 25 μM indolebutyric acid. The plantlets were acclimatized and established in soil. The regenerated plants were morphologically
uniform and exhibited similar growth characteristics and vegetative morphology to the donor plants. 相似文献
3.
Summary In researching the application of genetic transformation to lily breeding, callus formation from cultured explants and plant
regeneration from induced calluses were examined in 33 Lilium genotypes, 21 species, three Asiatic hybrids, two LA hybrids, two Longiflorum hybrids, three Oriental hybrids, and two Trumpet
hybrids. Seed, bulb scale, leaf, or filament explants were placed on a medium containing 4.1 μM 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram; PIC) and cultured in the dark. After 2 mo., callus formation was observed
in 30 genotypes, and a formation frequency of more than 50% was obtained in 24 genotypes. Bulb scale and filament explants
showed great ability to form calluses, whereas seeds had poor ability. Most of the induced calluses were yellow and had a
nodular appearance. When subcultured onto the same fresh medium, twofold or more increases in callus mass were obtained in
1 mo. for 15 genotypes. Callus lines showing sustained growth 1 yr after the initiation of subculture were examined for their
ability to produce shoots on a medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs) and a medium containing 22 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoot regeneration was observed in all genotypes examined, and a regeneration frequency of over 80%
was obtained in 20 genotypes. Initial explants used for callus induction and callus type (nodular or friable) had no effect
on shoot regeneration. Most of the regenerated shoots developed into complete plantlets following their transfer to a PGR-free
medium. 相似文献
4.
Ashok Kumar Sahrawat Suresh Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(1):55-61
Summary An efficient method was established for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from 3-,4-, 5-
and 7-d-old coleoptile segments of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kasturi), Compact and friable callus developed from the cut ends and also on the entire length of the coleoptile segments
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1962) supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 4.50–18.0
μM), kinetin (2.32 μM) and sucrose (3%, w/v). High frequency embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryo development was achieved when embryogenic
calluses were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.25 μM 2,4-D, 2.32 μM kinetin, 490 μM
L-tryptophan and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Plant regeneration was achieved by transferring clumps of embryogenic callus onto MS medium
containing 2.85 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 17.77 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Histological observations of embryogenic calluses revealed the presence of
somatic embryos and also plant regeneration via multiple shoot bud formation. Three, 4- and 5-d-old coleoptile segments showed
a significantly (P<0.05) higher frequency of plant regeneration and mean number of plantlets per explant in comparison to 7-d-old coleoptile
segments. The highest frequency (73.5%) of plant regeneration and mean number of plantlets (11.9±1.0) was obtained from 4-d-old
coleoptile segments. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium containing 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and plants were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity. 相似文献
5.
Yuexia Wang Bridget A. Ruemmele Joel M. Chandlee W. Michael Sullivan Jane E. Knapp Albert P. Kausch 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(5):460-467
Summary Embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration systems have long been established for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), but little research has been reported on optimal medium for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in
velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.), colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaries L.), and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). The present study compared 14 callus induction media and eight regeneration media for their efficacies on embryogenic
callus induction and plant regeneration in these four species. The embryogenic callus initiation media contained the Murashige
and Skoog inorganic salts and vitamins supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 3,6-dichloro-anisic acid and 6-benzyladenine.
l-Proline or casein hydrolyzate was included in some media to stimulate embryogenic callus formation and plant regeneration.
The frequencies of embryogenic callus formation ranged from 0% to 38% and exhibited medium differences within each of the
four species. Callus induction media, plant regeneration media, and genotypes affected plant regeneration rates, which varied
between 0% and 100%. The embryogenic callus induced on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 500 mgl−1 casein hydrolyzate, 6.63 mg l−1 (30 μM) 3,6-dichloro-anisic acid and 0.5–2.0 mg l−1 (2–9 μM) 6-benzyladenine had much higher regeneration rates than those formed on other callus induction media. Embryogenic callus
of annual bluegrass had higher regeneration rates than those of bentgrass species. MSA2D, a media containing 2 mgl−1 (8 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 100 mgl−1
myo-inositol, and 150 mgl−1 asparagine, was effective in promoting embryogenic callus formation in creeping bentgrass but not in colonial and velvet
bentgrasses and annual bluegrass. 相似文献
6.
P. S. Sha Valli Khan E. Prakash K. R. Rao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(2):186-190
Summary A protocol has been developed for plantlet regeneration from seed callus of Bixa orellana L. Seeds demonstrated a high percentage of callus induction (63±7.3%) and a high yield (356±14.7 mg per seed) of white friable
callus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5.0 μM l-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.5μM N
6-benzyladenine (BA) within 6 wk of culture in the dark. Callus induction frequency was greater under 24h dark as compared
to 16h light/8h dark photoperiod or 24h light photoperiod. Increased myo-inositol (MI: 200mgl−1) and addition of ascorbic acid (AA: 200 mgl−1) to the culture medium positively improved callus induction frequency and growth. Shoot differentiation from white friable
seed callus was best using 10.0 μM BA and 5.0 μM NAA, where the highest percentage of calluses forming shools (74.9±4.8%), the highest number of shoots per callus (six or
seven) and the highest shoot-forming index (5.0) were obtained within 6 wk. Shoots elongated to 4 cm within 4 wk of transfer
onto MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Shoots were rooted using half-strength MS medium containing 5.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 85% of these plants were established in pots containing pure garden soil and organic manure
after 3 wk of hardening. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform with normal leaf, shape and growth patterns. These
plants are currently being screened for the presence of agronomically useful genetic variants. 相似文献
7.
Renata Garcia Georgia Pacheco Erica Falcão Gabriela Borges Elisabeth Mansur 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(1):47-54
Passiflora suberosa is used in popular medicine, improvement programs, and as an ornamental plant. The goal of this study was to establish efficient
protocols for plant regeneration and callus induction from nodal, internodal and leaf segments excised from in vitro-grown
plants. The different morphogenetic responses were modulated by the type and concentration of plant growth regulators, according
to the basal medium and light conditions. Shoot formation occurred through three pathways: (1) development of preexisting
meristems, (2) direct organogenesis, and (3) indirect organogenesis. Development of preexisting meristems was observed from
nodal segments (1 shoot/explant) in response to α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), picloram (PIC), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), using two basal media (MS and MSM). Direct organogenesis in this species was obtained for the first time in
this work, through shoot development from internodal segments in the presence of 6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest regeneration
rates were achieved on MSM medium, regardless of the BA concentration. Indirect organogenesis was achieved from all explant
types on media supplemented with BA, used alone or in combination with NAA. The highest regeneration efficiency was obtained
from internodal segments cultured on MSM medium plus 44.4 μM BA. Compact, friable, or mucilaginous non-morphogenic calluses
were induced by thidiazuron, PIC, 2,4-D, and NAA. High-yielding friable calluses obtained on MSM medium supplemented with
28.9 μM PIC are being used for the establishment of suspension cultures and further analysis of the production of bioactive
compounds. 相似文献
8.
R. V. Sairam C. Wilber J. Franklin B. Smith J. Bazil R. Hassel D. Whaling K. Frutiger C. A. Blakey R. Vierling S. L. Goldman 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(5):435-440
Summary A protocol for high-frequency callus, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration for Tripsacum is described. Plants were regenerated from complete shoot meristems (3–4 mm) via organogenesis and embryogenesis. In organogenesis,
the shoot meristems were cultured directly on a high cytokinin medium comprising 5–10 mgl−1 (22.2–44.4 μM) 6-benzyladenine (BA). The number of multiple shoots varied from six to eight from each meristem. The time required for production
of plants from organogenesis was rapid (4–6 wk). In contrast, callus was induced on an auxin medium and continuously cultured
on an auxin medium for production of somatic embryos. Prolific callus with numerous somatic embryos developed within 3–4 wk
when cultured on an auxin medium containing 5 mgl−1 (22.6μM), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The number of shoots induced varied from two to five per callus. Regardless of
the cultivars used, the frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration was between 48% and 94%. The seed germination
procedures also were modified and resulted in a maximum of 60–80% seed germination. Finally, the rate of T-DNA transfer to
complete shoot meristems of Tripsacum was high on the auxin medium and was independent of whether super-virulent strains of Agrobacterium were used or not. 相似文献
9.
Ikram-ul-Haq Zhao Chang-Xing Zahid Mukhtar Cheruth Abdul Jaleel Mohamed Mahgoub Azooz 《Journal of plant physiology》2009,166(14):1568-1575
This experiment assessed the effect of partial physical desiccation on plant regeneration efficiency in scutellum-derived embryogenic calluses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety Super basmati. A number of callusing cultures were developed, and efficient callus induction was observed on MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The calluses were proliferated on the same medium for 3 weeks and then shifted to dehydration desiccation treatment for 72 h. The desiccated calluses were cultured on different media for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. A medium with 2.0 mg/L α-napthaleneacetic acid, 10.0 mg/L abscisic acid , 2.0 mg/L kinetin was best for somatic embryogenesis only, but not for further plant development. After 10 d, differentiated calluses were sub-cultured on medium with various concentrations and types of carbohydrates (carbon source) in 1MS2j medium. A large number of plantlets (14.51±2.81 and 8.56±2.90 plants/callus) were regenerated via chemical desiccation, on MS with 3% maltose+3% sorbitol and 6% sucrose, respectively. Under dehydration on only simple MS (3% sucrose), 11.23±3.22 plants/callus were developed. Under conditions of dehydration and chemical desiccation, plant regeneration rates were higher than the calluses cultured on simple MS medium in the presence of plant growth regulator. After somatic embryogenesis, >25% plants were sterile. The protocol used here may allow maximum regeneration of normal and fertile plantlets of super basmati rice within 3 months. 相似文献
10.
Effects of growth regulators and incubation period on in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from gerbera petioles 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Orlikowska Teresa Nowak Elzbieta Marasek Agnieszka Kucharska Danuta 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,59(2):95-102
An effective system for in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from callus for the transformation or mutation of gerbera was developed. Callus was produced
from petioles of the youngest 3–4 leaves detached from auxillary shoots produced in vitro. Induction medium, on which leaves were incubated over 3 or 6 days, contained 2.3 μM thidiazuron and 0.53 μM α-naphthaleneacetic
acid. Explants were than transferred to one of three regeneration media with lower levels of growth regulators. Regeneration
was quantified over four (4-weeks each) passages at the time of explant transfer to fresh medium. Direct shoot regeneration
occurred during the first 4 weeks, and after these shoots were discarded a semi-compact organogenic callus was produced. Effectiveness
of shoot regeneration depended on four criteria: the cultivar (three cultivars were tested), the sequence of passage on regeneration
medium, the growth regulators in regeneration medium and the duration of the induction period. Regeneration potential from
calli of all cultivars increased from the first to the fourth passage. Duration of the incubation period on induction medium
(3 or 6 days) influenced regeneration to varying degrees, depending on the cultivar used and the regeneration medium contents.
There were no differences between two of the regeneration media – B, containing 2.2 μM 6-benzyladenine and 0.3 μM indole-3-acetic
acid and C, containing 4.4 μM 6-benzyladenine, 4.6 μM zeatin and 0.6 μM indole-3-acetic acid. Cultivar Mariola was the most
productive and regenerated more than seven shoots per callus in the fourth passage. Regeneration on medium B was further evaluated
on four additional gerbera cultivars.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
12.
Bishnoi U.S. Jain R.K. Gupta K.R. Chowdhury V.K. Chowdhury J.B. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,61(2):153-159
An improved procedure has been developed for high frequency androgenesis in indica × Basmati rice hybrids using a liquid culture
medium. Anthers from fourteen genotypes comprising of indica × Basmati rice F1 hybrids, F2 plants and the parental rice cultivars, were floated in liquid RZM, N6M, and Heh5M media. Anther culture frequencies (percentage
of anthers forming calluses) in most of the genotypes were significantly higher in RZM medium (16–75%) compared to those obtained
in N6M (7–29%) and Heh5M (7–41%) media. Agarose (1.0% w/v)-solidified MSR1 medium containing 3.0% (w/v) maltose, 1 mg l−1 kinetin, 1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg l−1α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) induced green shoot regeneration at high frequencies compared to the medium (MSR2) lacking
BA. In all the genotypes, microspore calluses initiated in RZM medium regenerated green shoots with over tenfold higher frequencies
compared to the calluses initiated in other two media. High plant regeneration frequencies (up to 270 green plants/1000 anthers)
were obtained from microspore-derived calluses of some of the F1 hybrids (Gobind × Basmati 370, Gobind × Taraori Basmati) and F2 plants (Gobind × Basmati 370, Gobind × Taraori Basmati, HKR86-3 × Taraori Basmati) as compared to their actual parents. Cytological
analysis of the root tips of the progeny seedlings of the microspore-derived plants revealed haploids at a frequency of about
50%; 22% of the microspore- derived plants had > 5% spikelet fertility and were diploid. Use of RZM liquid and MSR1 media,
respectively for anther culture and plant regeneration resulted in several fold increase in the recovery of green plants from
recalcitrant indica × Basmati rice F1 hybrids/F2 plants which were comparable to those reported for japonica rice varieties/hybrids leading to the improved feasibility of
using doubled haploids in genetic, breeding and mapping research with indica rice.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Summary
Capsicum regeneration is often obtained through direct (adventious) regeneration and only a few reports claim indirect regeneration
(through callus) as an option to obtain complete plants. A possible reason for this may be because Capsicum cultures offer a narrow window in time for the regeneration process to occur, and after that, the ability to regenerate plants
rapidly diminishes. In this study, the C. baccatum radicle-side half-seed was the explant of choice to induce the formation of callus on semisolid Murashige and Skoog (1962)
medium supplemented with 5 mgl−1 (22.2μM) 6-benzylaminopurine, 1 mgl−1 (5.7μM) indole-3-acetic acid, and 2 mgl−1 (6.1μM) gibberellic acid. Organogenic calluses developed within 4–5 mo. and were subcultured every 2 mo. thereafter. Eventual bud
elongation occurred and these shoots developed into complete plants after transfer to medium without plant growth regulators.
The organogenic callus type retained its organogenic ability for more than 3 yr. 相似文献
14.
P. Jha C. B. Yadav V. Anjaiah V. Bhat 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(2):145-154
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol through somatic embryogenesis and direct shoot organogenesis has been developed for pearl millet
(Pennisetum glaucum). Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for a complete genetic transformation protocol. Shoot tips, immature inflorescences,
and seeds of two genotypes (843B and 7042-DMR) of pearl millet formed callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with varying levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 4.5, 9, 13.5, and 18 μM). The level of 2,4-D, the
type of explant, and the genotype significantly effected callus induction. Calli from each of the three explant types developed
somatic embryos on MS medium containing 2.22 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and either 1.13, 2.25, or 4.5 μM of 2,4-D. Somatic embryos
developed from all three explants and generated shoots on MS medium containing high levels of BA (4.4, 8.8, or 13.2 μM) combined
with 0.56 μM 2,4-D. The calli from the immature inflorescences exhibited the highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis and
shoot regeneration. Moreover, these calli yielded the maximum number of differentiated shoots per callus. An efficient and
direct shoot organogenesis protocol, without a visible, intervening callus stage, was successfully developed from shoot tip
explants of both genotypes of pearl millet. Multiple shoots were induced on MS medium containing either BA or kinetin (4.4,
8.8, 17.6, or 26.4 μM). The number of shoots formed per shoot tip was significantly influenced by the level of cytokinin (BA/kinetin)
and genotype. Maximum rooting was induced in 1/2 strength MS with 0.8% activated charcoal. The regenerated plants were transferred
to soil in pots, where they exhibited normal growth. 相似文献
15.
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for medicinally important aromatic plant Anethum graveolens. Nodal segments were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins
singly as well as in combinations. The optimum callus induction (93.33 %) was obtained on medium fortified with 2.2 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.21 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. The best shoot regeneration (85.7 %) with 12.86 shoots per explant
was achieved in two weeks when callus was subcultured on MS medium amended with 2.2 μM BA and 1.85 μM kinetin. The average
length of regenerated shoots varied from 3.15 to 4.8 cm. The rooting of regenerated shoots was nearly 100 % on ? MS augmented
with 4.9 μM indolebutyric acid with a maximum root length of 5.1 cm. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized with 60 % survival
rate. During organogenesis, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity increased while superoxid dismutase activity decreased.
Clonal fidelity of in vitro raised plants has been checked by random amplified polymorphic DNA using 10 selected decamer primers. It has been found that
regenerated plants are true to type plants. 相似文献
16.
Plants of C. ovata were regenerated in vitro from shoot tips and nodal explants as well as from cotyledon-derived calluses. For shoot proliferation from shoot tips and
nodal segments, Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) or Lloyd and McCown (1980) basal media, supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (2.2–22.2
μM) alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (0.6 μM), were used. Shoot regeneration through organogenesis was achieved
by culturing cotyledons on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing indole-3-acetic acid (0.6 μM) and 6-benzyladenine (4.4
μM) or zeatin (22.8 μM). TLC and HPLC analysis showed that the multiple shoots and micropropagated plants exhibited similar
iridoid patterns as those of the leaves of original plants of C. ovata. The highest levels of catalpol and catalposide (8.2 and 2.4 % of dry weight, respectively) were found in aerial parts of
three-month-old in vitro regenerated plants.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill is a threatened medicinal climber distributed in the forests of northern and peninsular India. An efficient
and reproducible protocol for high-frequency callus regeneration from immature leaf explants of T. indica was developed. Organogenic callus formation from immature leaf pieces was obtained by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 7 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.5 μM 6-benzyladenine. On this medium 92% explants produced callus. The optimal hormone combination for plantlet regeneration was
8 μM thidiazuron, at which shoot regeneration was obtained from 100% of the cultures, with an average of 66.7 shoots per culture.
Histological studies of the regenerative callus revealed that shoot buds were originated from the outermost regions. For root
formation, half-strength MS medium supplemented with 3 μM indole-3-butyric acid was used. Plants were transferred to soil, where 92% survived after 3 mo. of acclimatization. 相似文献
18.
Tetsuro Mimura Mari Mimura Setsuko Washitani-Nemoto Katsuhiro Sakano Teruo Shimmen Somkid Siripatanadilok 《Journal of plant research》1997,110(1):25-29
Experimental conditions for efficient callus initiation from mangrove plants were investigated. As a source explant, leaf
ofBruguiera sexangula was used. Mangrove plant is one of the most famous woody plants which can grow at the salty area. The initiated callus can
be a suitable material for the investigation of salt tolerant mechanisms of mangrove plants.
Leaf pieces cultured in an Amino Acid medium supplemented with 2 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 μMN-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea at 30 C developed calluses. Microscopic observation suggested that the callus was initiated from the tissue in
the vascular bundles in the leaf.
We also examined the effect of NaCl on callus initiation and short-term culture of the calluses on the leaves. Callus initiation
rate decreased with increasing NaCl concentration higher than 100 mM in the culture media. The medium containing 100 mM NaCl
produced the largest callus on the leaf, compared with higher or lower concentrations of NaCl. 相似文献
19.
J. Vijaya Kumar B. D. Ranjitha Kumari G. Sujatha Enrique Castaño 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,93(1):85-96
The present study describes a system for efficient plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of safflower
(Carthamus
tinctorius L.) cv. NARI-6 in fungal culture filtrates (FCF)-treated cultures. FCF was prepared by culturing Alternaria carthami fungal mycelia in selection medium for host-specific toxin production. Cotyledon explants cultured on callus induction medium
with different levels of FCF (10–50%) produced embryogenic callus. In organogenesis, 42.2% microshoots formed directly from
embryogenic callus tissues in plant regeneration medium with 40% FCF. Isolated embryogenic callus cultured on embryo induction
medium containing 40% FCF induced 50.2% somatic embryogenesis. Embryo germination percentage was decreased from 64.5 to 28
in embryo maturation medium containing 40% FCF. However, nine plantlets from organogenesis and 24 plantlets from somatic embryogenesis
were selected as FCF-tolerant. Alternaria carthami fungal spores (5 × 105 spores/ml) sprayed on the leaves of FCF-tolerant plants showed enhanced survival rate over control plants, which plants were
more susceptible to fungal attack. The number of leaf spot lesions per leaf was decreased from 3.4 to 0.9 and their lesion
length was also reduced from 2.9 to 0.7 mm in organogenic derived FCF-tolerant plants over control. In somatic embryo derived
FCF-tolerant plants, the number of lesions was decreased from 3.1 to 0.4 and the lesion size was also reduced to 2.7–0.5 mm
when compared to the control. This study also examined antioxidant enzyme activity in FCF-tolerant plants. Catalase (CAT)
activity was slightly decreased whereas peroxidase (POD) activity was increased to a maximum of 42% (0.19 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein) from organogenesis and 47% (0.23 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein) from embryogenesis in FCF-tolerant plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also increased to 17% (149 U
mg−1 protein) and 19.5% (145 U mg−1 protein) in FCF-tolerant plants derived from organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis when compared with control plants. 相似文献
20.
Summary Growth and morphogenesis of plant tissues under in vitro conditions are largely influenced by the composition of the culture media. In this study, effects of different inorganic
nutrients (ZnSO4 and CuSO4) on callus induction and plant regeneration of Eleusine coracana in vitro were examined. Primary callus induction without ZnSO4 resulted in improved shoot formation upon transfer of calluses to normal regeneration medium. CuSO4 increased to 5x the normal concentration in the media for primary seed callus induction and plant regeneration resulted in
a 4-fold increase in number of regnnerated shoots. For long-term callus cultures, 2x KNO3 or 4x Fe-EDTA could replace the requirement for α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the regeneration medium, while 60 μM ZnSO4 or 0.5 μM CuSO4 was optimal for plant regeneration from callus cultures. 相似文献