琉璃苣染色体核型分析

以琉璃苣根尖为材料,采用常规压片法制备琉璃苣染色体标本,并对其进行染色体核型分析。结果表明,琉璃苣染色体数目为2n=18,核型公式为K(2n)=2sm+16t,核型不对称系数(AS.K%)为87.69%,核型类型为"3B"型。     

琉璃苣BoD6D载体的构建及转化

运用植物基因工程手段构建琉璃苣BoD6D转化载体,为提高油料作物油份中γ-亚麻酸含量奠定基础.以琉璃苣基因组DNA为模板克隆BoD6D,构建酵母表达载体并转化酿酒酵母,对酵母进行诱导表达,提取脂肪酸后进行甲酯化反应,利用气相色谱分析脂肪酸含量;同时构建植物双元表达载体,经农杆菌介导通过蘸花法转化拟南芥,最后对转基因拟南...     

发酵法生产γ-亚麻酸的研究进展

γ-亚麻酸是一种人体必需的多不饱和脂肪酸,具有多种重要的生理功能。最初γ-亚麻酸主要来源于植物种子油,如黑醋栗、月见草和琉璃苣等的种子油。但是从植物中提取γ-亚麻酸受到诸多因素的限制,远不能满足市场需求,采用微生物发酵法生产γ-亚麻酸具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了目前发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的菌株,对其代谢途径进行了分析,重点总结了国内外有关菌种选育及发酵调控方面的研究,并探讨了今后的研究方向。     

辣木的抗肿瘤活性及作用机制研究进展

辣木,原产于印度,被用作日常蔬菜和食品,被认为有食疗保健的功效。研究发现辣木具有降血糖、治疗溃疡、消炎抑菌、降低血压和胆固醇、改善凝血等功效,被广泛应用于医药、保健等方面。近年来发现,其在抗肿瘤方面亦有显著效果。目前,辣木的抗肿瘤作用已成为研究的热点,研究发现其对多种肿瘤均有抑制作用,作用机制包括抑制癌细胞的生长增殖、调节癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡、干扰癌细胞信号通路、抗氧化损伤,降低活性氧水平、抑制蛋白合成等。本文就近年来国内外的辣木抗肿瘤效应的相关研究作一综述。     

静磁场保健寝具磁参数的评价

基于对生物磁学效应的研究,磁疗成为替代医学和补充医学的一种有效的治疗方法,本文通过对现有静磁场（恒定磁场）保健寝具磁标准和磁剂量的评述,首次提出磁保健寝具三围空间磁场的概念,指出采用磁感应强度在空间的强度分布作为磁保健剂量标准。论述了三围空间磁场具体磁参数的评价,包括所用磁源的表面磁感应强度,寝具织物表面磁场的穿透力、梯度、有效磁通量和空间能量等磁场分布的描述性指标。指出了静磁场保健寝具磁参数的合理的评价参量：为确保织物表面磁感应强度在目前认知的400～1100Gs有效安全剂量内,依据使用时的织物厚度,磁保健寝具选用的磁体表磁应在1000-3000Gs左右．且磁场的梯度不宜过大,磁场的平均穿透力在25-30cm左右,以确保空间磁场能量的有效作用于人体深处。     

保健蔬菜黄秋葵的应用价值与前景

黄秋葵是一种具有较高营养价值的新型保健蔬菜,有很高的应用价值和潜力。主要介绍了黄秋葵近年来的研究概况,包括其分布与生长环境、营养成分与保健价值、贮藏与保鲜技术及其应用和开发进展等,在此基础上展望黄秋葵未来的研究热点。     

乳酸菌治疗乳糖不耐受症的研究进展

乳糖不耐受与人体健康尤其是婴儿期的营养密切相关,该病症主要影响人体对乳糖的消化吸收。乳酸菌作为有效的微生态制剂,已被广泛应用于医药卫生、营养保健、食品工业等领域。近年研究发现,含乳酸菌的微生态制剂在治疗乳糖不耐受症方面具有明显疗效。本文综述了乳糖不耐受症的发病机制及分型、乳酸菌治疗乳糖不耐受症的研究进展。     

紫山药的营养保健价值及产品开发

紫山药又称为"紫人参",其肉色亮紫,富含特有的多糖、粘液质、蛋白质、淀粉、多种氨基酸、矿物元素等营养性成分,还具有多种功能性成分,如薯蓣皂苷(天然的DHEA)、尿囊素、多酚、植物固醇,有8种类黄酮物质花青素等。因此,紫山药具有较高的营养价值和保健功能,是集美味和保健养生作用于一体的珍贵药食兼用的绿色食品。在食品、化妆品、医药方面已显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文对紫山药的营养性成分、保健功能性成分及产品开发等方面已有的研究进行分析总结和展望。旨在提高人们对紫山药保健功能的认识,为今后科学地开发利用紫山药资源,促进紫山药营养和保健功能的开发提供参考。     

金耳多糖的提取及其性能研究

金耳（Tre。ilaaurantialba）又称黄木耳,为野生珍稀的食、药用菌,自然分布于我国西藏、云南等地,是滋补养身、防御疾病的保健上品（刘正南,1991）。金耳的这些营养保健特性,与其富含的多糖成分有着密切关系。目前,我国在云南、浙江等地已研究成功人工规模栽培金耳...     

鹰嘴豆的化学成分与保健功效

鹰嘴豆属豆科草本植物,又名羊头豆、桃尔豆、鸡心豆等,是世界各地种植和消费的主要豆类作物,富含多种营养素,具有补中益气、温肾壮阳、润肺止咳、强身健体、增强记忆力、治疗糖尿病和肺病等功效。本文就鹰嘴豆营养成分及其保健功能进行综述,旨在为后续的开发研究提供一定的理论基础。     

Protective Effect of Borage Seed Oil and Gamma Linolenic Acid on DNA: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has been used as a treatment for various degenerative diseases. Many useful properties of this oil are attributed to its high gamma linolenic acid content (GLA, 18:3 ω-6). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and suitability of the use of borage seed oil, along with one of its active components, GLA, with respect to DNA integrity, and to establish possible in vivo toxic and in vitro cytotoxic effects. In order to measure these properties, five types of assays were carried out: toxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity (using the promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cell line), and life span (in vivo analysis using the Drosophila model). Results showed that i) Borage seed oil is not toxic to D. melanogaster at physiological concentrations below 125 µl/ml and the studies on GLA indicated non-toxicity at the lowest concentration analyzed ii) Borage seed oil and GLA are DNA safe (non-genotoxic) and antimutagenic compared to hydrogen peroxide, thereby confirming its antioxidant capacity; iii) Borage seed oil and GLA exhibited cytotoxic activity in low doses (IC₅₀ of 1 µl/ml and 0.087 mM, respectively) iv) Low doses of borage seed oil (0.19%) increased the health span of D. melanogaster; and v) GLA significantly decreased the life span of D. melanogaster.Based on the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects along with the ability to increase the health span, we propose supplementation with borage seed oil rather than GLA, because it protects DNA by modulating oxidative genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity towards promyelocytic HL60 cells.     

Geitonogamy: a mechanism responsible for high selfing rates in borage (Borago officinalis L.)

Borage, a species traditionaly defined as allogamous, has revealed a high selfing rate although a mechanism of protandry has been confirmed in this plant. Studies investigating flower behaviour showed that several flowers open every day and that others are also receptive at the same time within a plant. Moreover, pollinator behaviour, mainly by bees, contributes to the selfing rate because it is demonstrated that these insects visit several flowers in a given plant before flying to other plants. The ecological studies reported here reveal the contribution of geitonogamous pollination to the high selfing rate detected in Borago officinalis L. Received: 23 March 2000 / Accepted: 26 May 2000     

Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production

Cardoon is a multi‐purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy.     

Novel insights into the pleiotropic effects of human serum albumin in health and disease

Background

Human serum albumin is the principal protein in human serum. It participates in regulation of plasma oncotic pressure and transports endogenous and exogenous ligands such as thyroxine, free fatty acids, bilirubin, and various drugs. Therefore, studying its ligand binding mechanism is important in understanding many functions of the protein.

Scope of review

This review discusses the pleiotropic biochemical effects and their relevance to physiologic functions of albumin.

Major conclusions

Although HSA is traditionally recognized for its ligand transport and oncotic effects in human circulation, our studies have revealed its participation in several other important physiological functions. In some instances, it may function as a catalyst. Pleiotropic properties of HSA have been exploited by development of recombinant HSA and its mutants, and the use of these recombinant proteins in studies with various biochemical and biophysical techniques. These studies allowed us to obtain new insights on the diverse roles of HSA in human physiology. The following aspects of HSA were discussed in this review: 1) HSA and its mutants' role in thyroxine transport, 2) structural details of the ligand binding functions of HSA to ligands such as warfarin, digoxin, halothane anesthetics, nitric oxide, bilirubin, free fatty acids, etc, and 3) the formation of modified albumin during myocardial ischemia, its diagnostic significance, and HSA's role in cardiovascular disease.

General significance

The appreciation and understanding of structural details and new physiological roles has provided a renewed interest in HSA research. Specific structural information gained on various mechanisms of HSA–ligand interaction can be used to develop a model to better understand protein–drug interactions, aid in the development of new drugs with improved pharmacokinetic effects, and ultimately be used to improve the quality of healthcare. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.     

Quantitatively determined self-incompatibility

Summary It has been claimed that Borage (Borago officInalis L.) has a multifactorial self-incompatibility system. Such systems may have a high level of ineffective pollination, and we show that this is the case in borage. The ranking of seed set from highest to lowest is as follows: bee-pollination; natural pollination in the absence of bees; artificial cross-pollination between unrelated plants; artificial cross-pollination between related plants; artificial self-pollination. In diallel crosses, significant parental effects were detected but no consistent patterns of seed set, which suggest a simple self-incompatibility system, were detected. The level of outcrossing with natural pollination was very variable but greater than 50%. Thus, there appears to be no straightforward self-incompatibility system in borage.     

Normalizing Off-Label Experiments and the Pharmaceuticalization of Homebirths in Pakistan

Abstract

The off-label use of the drug misoprostol has effectively turned homebirths in ‘resource-poor’ nations into unmarked and un-enunciated zones of experimentation. Misoprostol has become the public health solution in response to medico-humanitarian discourses that construct homebirths as responsible for high maternal mortality. In the absence of proper safety tests, advocating its routine administration against postpartum haemorrhage in homes around Pakistan functions to erase the distinction between service delivery projects and experimentation. Drawing on ethnographic research in Balochistan, I argue that promoting misoprostol in contexts of structural inequality, particularly where excessive artificial labour induction prevails, constitutes the enactment of a kind of ‘medical relativism’. This medical relativism entails an experimental practice that burdens poor women with undue risk as misoprostol becomes a substitute for required structural and economic transformation of Pakistan's healthcare system. Overall, the paper concludes, the contemporary faith in pharmaceuticals perpetuates a colonial governmentality of bodies, medicines, and healthcare.     

百合的营养成分与保健作用

百合富含多种营养和生物活性成分,具有抗癌,止咳祛痰平喘,镇静催眠,降血糖,以及抗疲劳提高免疫力的功能特性。综述了百合的保健功能及营养成分。     

Temporal Variability and Social Heterogeneity in Disease Transmission: The Case of SARS in Hong Kong

The extent to which self-adopted or intervention-related changes in behaviors affect the course of epidemics remains a key issue for outbreak control. This study attempted to quantify the effect of such changes on the risk of infection in different settings, i.e., the community and hospitals. The 2002–2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Hong Kong, where 27% of cases were healthcare workers, was used as an example. A stochastic compartmental SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed) model was used: the population was split into healthcare workers, hospitalized people and general population. Super spreading events (SSEs) were taken into account in the model. The temporal evolutions of the daily effective contact rates in the community and hospitals were modeled with smooth functions. Data augmentation techniques and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were applied to estimate SARS epidemiological parameters. In particular, estimates of daily reproduction numbers were provided for each subpopulation. The average duration of the SARS infectious period was estimated to be 9.3 days (±0.3 days). The model was able to disentangle the impact of the two SSEs from background transmission rates. The effective contact rates, which were estimated on a daily basis, decreased with time, reaching zero inside hospitals. This observation suggests that public health measures and possible changes in individual behaviors effectively reduced transmission, especially in hospitals. The temporal patterns of reproduction numbers were similar for healthcare workers and the general population, indicating that on average, an infectious healthcare worker did not infect more people than any other infectious person. We provide a general method to estimate time dependence of parameters in structured epidemic models, which enables investigation of the impact of control measures and behavioral changes in different settings.     

Mobile healthcare application with EMR interoperability for diabetes patients

With digitalization of medical information and rapid distribution of smart devices, currently, healthcare service is actively planned and developed based on smart devices. By 2015, 500 million smartphone users are expected to use a mobile health application, especially for exercise, diet, and chronic disease management. Unlike other chronic diseases, diabetes can be managed by the patient. Therefore smart mobile device can be a universal tool for self-diabetes management because of its high penetration and functions. A mobile healthcare application for Android OS was developed to provide self-diabetes management. The application consists of Diabetes management, Weight management, Cardio-cerebrovascular risk evaluation, Stress and depression evaluation and Exercise management. The application synchronizes data with hospital’s EMR database to provide accurate data with minimized process of data input. This paper introduces detailed structure and functionalities of the application with EMR data synchronization aspect.     

互联网医疗与我国医事立法的断裂与弥合

我国医疗卫生资源分布不均衡与服务区域不相称,呼吁互联网医疗的介入并深度发展,这对于均衡资源配置和促进分级诊疗制度的形成均大有裨益。为此,国家出台了多项政策措施给予有力支持,进一步巩固医药卫生改革的成果。但是由于我国《执业医师法》、《医疗机构管理条例》等医事法律的立法理念和立法内容比较滞后,导致互联网医疗在医师执业注册、医师多点执业等方面与其形成断裂,亟需通过立法加以弥合,为互联网医疗的健康发展保驾护航。