中国豆科植物新资料

报道了中国豆科5种及1变种的省级分布新记录,即肉色土圆儿在陕西、刺桐在海南、劲直刺桐在贵州、云南刺桐在西藏、渐尖叶鹿藿在贵州、黧豆在云南省的分布新记录;根据国际植物命名法规订正了锈毛两型豆和球穗千斤拔两个种的作者引证。     

紫胶虫最佳生长地的植被条件分析

本文在对紫胶产区进行调查的基础上,分析了云南紫胶虫最佳生长地的植被条件、对其中的四种群落类型从植物种类成分、群落结构和群落生态等方面进行分析。根据丰富的寄主资源和有利于紫胶虫越冬的气候条件指出“暖热性稀树灌草丛”及“河谷季雨林次生林和灌丛”是云南紫胶虫及其主要寄主植物的适生类型。本文在总结紫胶产区的经验基础上,提出了开发利用的意见和改造的措施。     

广西葛根内生细菌的分离鉴定及其促生特性

【背景】植物内生菌长期与宿主共生,对宿主生长发育产生影响。葛根作为重要的药食两用作物,葛根内生菌的研究具有重要实践意义。【目的】对广西葛根根部内生细菌进行分离、鉴定及促植物生长特性分析,旨在了解该药食同源植物内生细菌种群结构及其促生特性,为分析内生菌群体在药食同源植物产量和品质形成的作用及其内生细菌资源的开发利用提供参考。【方法】采用6种不同的培养基从广西葛根的根瘤、根系和根愈伤组织分离内生细菌,16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育分析内生细菌的分布特征和遗传多样性,采用生理生化方法测定分离菌株的固氮活性、溶磷特性、产生嗜铁素、分泌吲哚乙酸(indole-3-aceticacid,IAA)等促生特性。【结果】从葛根根瘤、根系和根部愈伤组织中共分离得到223个菌株,16S rRNA基因测序鉴定这些菌株隶属于2门4纲10科19属,其中芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、土壤杆菌属、肠杆菌属为葛根优势菌群;内生细菌数量和群落组成存在明显的组织特异性,其数量表现为根瘤>根系>根愈伤组织,但其种群多样性表现为根愈伤组织>根系>根瘤。不同培养基分离出的细菌种群丰富度有差异。从供试菌株中筛...     

Enhanced accumulation of high-value deoxymiroestrol and isoflavonoids using hairy root as a sustainable source of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (PM), a rejuvenating herb of Thailand, has been applied efficaciously to relieve symptoms of estrogen deficiency in...     

The Genetic Transformation of Pueraria as Medicinal Plant by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Pueraria radix (the dried root of Pueraria plant) is known as a traditional Chinese drug. Hairy roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, P.lobata var. montana and P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al .) Conn R1601 were developed directly from the surface of sterile leaves in vitro . The transformation frequency was 16.6%, 16.2% and 26.6%, respectively. All hairy roots in the three species displayed the typical phenotypes of rapid growth, highly branched and plagiotropism, and also exhibited hormone autotrophy and resistance to kanamycin.The genetic transformations were confirmed by opine paper electrophoretic analysis, rol gene PCR amplification and molecular hybridization.     

Flavonol 3-glycosides from the leaves of Flemingia stricta

A new glycoside, tamarixetin 3-rhamnoside together with kaempferol 3-rhamnoside, mearnsetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside and sitosterol glucoside, was identified from the leaves of Flemingia stricta     

A new pterocarpan and coumestan in the roots of Flemingia chappar

Flemichapparin-B, a new naturally occurring pterocarpan, and flemichapparin-C, a new coumestan, isolated from the roots of Flemingia chappar (Leguminosae; Lotoideae) have been shown to be 6a,11a-dehydropterocarpan (IV) and 7-O-methylmedicagol (V) respectively.     

Determinants of t Flemingia congesta and t Dactyladenia barteri mulch decomposition in alley-cropping systems in the humid tropics

Effects of soil macrofauna, micro-environment and mulch quantity were investigated on an acid Ultisol in a high-rainfall area in S.E. Nigeria, using litterbags or littertubes with leaves from the trees of an alley cropping system with t Flemingia congesta or t Dactyladenia barteri as hedgerow species.There was no effect of mulch quantity on the rate of decomposition. Soil macrofauna contributed to between 30 and 40% of mulch decomposition over the period of approximately 50% of disappearance of the original material. The faunal effect became apparent after a longer incubation period (>20 weeks) with the slower decomposing t Dactyladenia than with the t Flemingia mulch (immediate effect). This is presumably related to t Dactyladenia's higher lignin content (40% compared to 22% for t Flemingia). The t Flemingia mulch decomposed faster in alley cropping with t Dactyladenia hedgerow than with t Flemingia hedgerow, irrespective of faunal access, suggesting a microclimate efffect on decomposition. There were no marked changes in chemical composition of the mulches with decomposition period, except for a rapid decrease of K content in both mulches and a rapid increase in lignin content of the t Flemingia mulch within the first 10 days of decomposition, which indicates that early decomposition affected the relatively easily degradable compounds.     

Flemiphyllin,an isoflavone from stems of Flemingia macrophylla

A new isoflavone, designated flemiphyllin, was isolated from a petrol extract of the stems of Flemingia macrophylla. Its structure was established as 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′,5′,8-tri(3-methylbut-2-enyl) isoflavone on the basis of physical and chemical evidence.     

中国千斤拔属植物的初步研究

本文叙述了千斤拔属名的拉丁学名的变换和研究情况,并研究该属植物国产种的分类、地理分布及其特点。进而对该属植物的习性和苞片、花序、花和叶等诸器官演化趋势作初步探讨,并对该属6个类群之间可能的演化关系、属的起源、分布中心和迁移路线等问题提出初设想。     

Rapid kudzu eradication and switchgrass establishment through herbicide,bioherbicide and integrated programmes

Among the most important and visible weeds in the Southeastern USA is the exotic invasive vine, kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata). Efforts to eradicate it typically involve many years of application of restricted-use pesticides. Recent availability of effective, non-restricted-use pesticides and developments with the application of the bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucaria has made possible new control programmes for kudzu management. Field trials at three sites over two years with aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, metsulfuron methyl and combinations of these herbicides achieved 99–100% reduction in aboveground kudzu biomass. Additionally, programmes were developed that eradicated kudzu while simultaneously establishing native vegetation. One of these successful programmes integrated bioherbicide application, mechanical removal of kudzu biomass and planting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in an entirely chemical herbicide-free system. These field tests demonstrate a variety of methods that can be used independently or in an integrated approach for rapid kudzu eradication.     

Preparation,Structural Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives from Pueraria lobata

Pueraria lobata polysaccharides (PLPs) were obtained by hot water extraction using Pueraria lobata as raw material. Structural analysis revealed that PLPs may have a repetitive backbone units of →4) -α-D-Glcp (1→4-α-D-Glcp (1→. Phosphorylated Pueraria lobata polysaccharides (P-PLPs), carboxymethylated Pueraria lobata polysaccharides (CM-PLPs) and acetylated Pueraria lobata polysaccharides (Ac-PLPs) were obtained by chemical modifications of PLPs, respectively. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of these four Pueraria lobata polysaccharides were studied in comparison. In particular, the clearance rate of P-PLPs exceeded 80 %, and was expected to achieve the same effect as V_c. The results showed that the effects of different chemical modifications on the antioxidant activity of PLPs varied greatly.     

鄂西产三种野生葛总黄酮含量的紫外分光光度法测定

鄂西产三种野生葛总黄酮含量的紫外分光光度法测定李石生刘欣邓京振赵守训（中国药科大学天然药物化学教研室,南京２１００３８）Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｏｔａｌｆｌａｖｏｎｏｉｄｉｎ３ｗｉｌｄｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＰｕｅｒａｒｉａｆｒｏｍＷｅｓｔＨｕｂ...     

Fruits and foliage of Pueraria (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from the Neogene of Eurasia and their biogeographic implications

? Premise of the study: Pueraria (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) is native in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania and is well known as a rampant invasive weed in the southeastern United States (P. montana; better known as kudzu), but relatively little is known about its early evolution and biogeographic origin. ? Methods: On the basis of comparative analyses of the fruit and leaflet architecture of closely related extant and fossil taxa, we studied the fossil history and biogeography of Pueraria. ? Key results: Fossil Pueraria is recognized on the basis of distinctive fruit and foliage from the Mio-Pliocene of middle latitudes in China, Japan, Abkhazia, and Croatia. Recognition of P. miothunbergiana from the Mio-Pliocene of China and Japan is reinforced by a trifoliolate leaf as well as isolated lateral and terminal leaflets. Pueraria shanwangensis sp. nov. represents the first recognition of fossil Pueraria fruits. This fruit species co-occurs with P. miothunbergiana in the Middle Miocene Shanwang flora and possibly represents the same population. Pueraria maxima (Unger) comb. nov., previously named as Dolichites maximus or Desmodium maximum, is recognized on the basis of leaflets from the Miocene of Croatia and Abkhazia. Other prior fossil reports of Pueraria and Dolichites are reevaluated. ? Conclusions: Pueraria had begun to diversify by at least the Middle Miocene and had spread into the Mio-Pliocene subtropical and temperate floras of the Balkan Peninsula, the Caucasus, and eastern Asia, which suggests the present diversity of this genus in tropical Asia and Oceania might have originated from the mid-latitudes of Eurasia.     

Growth and isoflavonoid accumulation of Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica cell suspension cultures

We established cell suspension cultures derived from leaf, stem, and root calli of Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica using liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.56 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Growth of the cell suspension cultures progressed to the stationary phase within 15–24 days. Methanolic extracts of cell suspension cultures of both varieties of P. candollei were analyzed using a validated HPLC protocol. All cell lines derived from leaf, stem, and root explants produced four major isoflavonoids: daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin; these isoflavonoids were detected only in the roots of intact plants. Furthermore, the isoflavonoid contents of the cell suspension cultures were higher than those of intact plants. Thus, cell suspension culture of both varieties of P. candollei may be an effective tool for isoflavonoid production.     

New Materials of Eriocaulon L. from China

This paper consists of a part of pertinent data obtained through a critical study of Eriocaulaceae from China. Included in it are three new series: Leiantha, Robustiora and Mangshanensia; seven new species: Eriocaulon acutibracteatum, E. angustulum, E. bilobatum, E. leianthum, E. sclerophyllum, E. glabri-petalum and E. mangshanense; five new varieties: E. rockianum var. latifolium, E. merrillii var. longibracteatum, E. sikokianum var. Linanense, E. alpestre var. sichanense and E. nantoense var. micropetalum; two new combinations: E. yaoshanense var. brevicalyx; E. nantoense var. parviceps; three new records in China: E. brownianum, E.brownianum var.nilagirense, E. zollingerianum; five: E. henryanum, E.pullum, E. yaoshanense, E. taishanense and E.faberi. In addition, fifteen taxon names are newly reduced to synonyms: E. yunnanense=E. brownianum; E. longifolium, E. sexangulare var. longifolium, E. sinii, E. kwangtungense and E. willdinovianum = E. sexangulare; E. setaceum var. capillus-naiadis= E. setaceum; E. filifolium = E. yaoshanense; E. suishaense, E. merrillii var. suishaense=E.merrillii; E. kengii=E.sikokianum; E. whangii=E.buergerianum; E. nipponicum, E. decemflorum var. nipponicum= E. decemflorum and E. nantoense var.trisectum = E. nantoense var.parviceps.     

葛属（Pueraria DC．）的分支分析

本文采用２４个形态状对葛属进行分支分析,得到了１１个最简约分支图和一个严格一致化分支图,葛属的种间关系,根据分支分析结果对ｖａｎ ｄｅｒ Ｍａｅｓｅｎ的葛属分类系统提出了修订意见。     

不同生境和森林内薇甘菊的生存与危害状况

对薇甘菊（Ｍｉｋａｎｉａ ｍｉｃｒａｎｔｈａ Ｈ．Ｂ．Ｋ）在不同生境下生长状况及其对其它植物的危害程度的研究表明,这种热带杂草是喜光、好湿的。薇甘菊伴生物种以藤本植物居多。其中葛藤和五爪金龙出现的频度最大。薇甘菊及其伴生种通过攀爬树冠,形成盖幕作用而对其它植物造成危害。在森林内薇甘菊危害的对象主要是低矮的乔木对高大乔木影响不大。