慢性不可预见性应激对大鼠恐惧条件反射和躯体感觉诱发电位的影响

目的:探讨慢性不可预见性应激对大鼠恐惧条件反射以及体感诱发电位的影响并分析可能的神经电生理机制。方法:26只雄性SD大鼠(190~200 g)随机分成两组(n=13):对照组和模型组。用慢性不可预见性应激刺激模型组大鼠,用恐惧条件反射实验检测两组大鼠的恐惧反应,用躯体感觉诱发电位检测大鼠脑电活动。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠在恐惧记忆阶段不动时间百分比减小(56.64%±13.78%vs69.72%±18.10%,P<0.05),躯体感觉诱发电位的第二个正向波(P2)潜伏期也明显缩短(70.54±10.13 msvs78.46±7.80 ms,P<0.05)。相关性分析显示大鼠恐惧条件反射的不动时间与躯体感觉诱发电位潜伏期存在正相关(r=0.507,P<0.05)。结论:慢性不可预见性应激抑制大鼠恐惧反应,并缩短体表感觉诱发电位的潜伏期,恐惧反应行为与体感诱发电位潜伏期存在正相关,提示大鼠恐惧反应与体表感觉诱发电位可能有共同的神经递质机制。     

造模时间对慢性不可预见性刺激致大鼠抑郁模型的影响

目的研究造模时间长短对大鼠抑郁症模型建造成功率的影响。方法将240只大鼠随机平均分为4组,各组分别给予21 d、35 d、49 d、63 d慢性温和不可预见性刺激。大鼠行为学观察指标包括旷场实验、糖水消耗实验、高架十字迷宫实验、强迫游泳实验等。结果建模成功后的抑郁大鼠其旷场的水平得分、垂直得分;高架迷宫的入开臂次数、入开臂次数比例、入开臂时间和入开臂时间比例较建模前均明显下降;糖水的消耗显著降低,旷场潜伏期时间、强迫游泳静止时间显著延长。结论随着造模时间的延长,抑郁症模型的成功率增加;延长建模时间可能会提高建模成功率,为避免资源的浪费,建议造模时间选取49 d更为恰当。     

灾后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍分析

目的:对地震后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生率及心理健康状况进行分析。方法:选用创伤后应激评定量表(PCL-C)和中文版事件影响量表(IES-R),对灾后三个月内消防员310人进行评估。结果:灾后三个月内PTSD症状的总发生率为35.3%;地震救援组和基层消防组IES-R得分显著高于一般院校组,但地震救援组和基层消防组得分无显著差异,PCL-C得分结果与之类似;恐惧、创伤经历和救援失败等是PTSD症状的影响因素。结论:消防员是职业心理创伤的高危人群,地震后消防救援人员PTSD症状发生率较高,应给予及时心理干预。     

灾后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍分析

目的：对地震后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生率及心理健康状况进行分析。方法：选用创伤后应激评定量表（PCL-C）和中文版事件影响量表（IES-R）,对灾后三个月内消防员310人进行评估。结果：灾后三个月内PTSD症状的总发生率为35.3%;地震救援组和基层消防组IES-R得分显著高于一般院校组,但地震救援组和基层消防组得分无显著差异,PCL-C得分结果与之类似;恐惧、创伤经历和救援失败等是PTSD症状的影响因素。结论：消防员是职业心理创伤的高危人群,地震后消防救援人员PTSD症状发生率较高,应给予及时心理干预。     

丙泊酚对创伤后应激障碍治疗作用的研究进展

丙泊酚作为一种广泛用于临床的短效静脉麻醉药,其复杂的作用机制和多样的效应促使人们不断探索其更广泛的临床用途。丙泊酚通过抑制中枢神经系统产生镇静催眠的作用,其遗忘效应有望改善焦虑状态,逆转快感缺乏,缓解抑郁症状,并在治疗创伤后应激障碍方面发挥作用。本文介绍了丙泊酚的临床应用现状和创伤后应激障碍的发病机制,综述了丙泊酚在创伤后应激障碍中的影响及可能的作用机制,并探讨了丙泊酚作为一种新的治疗手段应用于创伤后应激障碍及其他神经精神疾病的可能性。     

创伤后应激障碍机制的研究进展

创伤后应激障碍(Post-traumatic stress disorder;PTSD)是一种由严重强烈的伤害事件造成的精神障碍,随着近年来社会应激事件的增多和自然灾害的发生,创伤应激障碍的发病率逐渐增高。同时为了研究对应的治疗方法,人们对创伤应激障碍的机制进行了更深入的探索,也有了新的进展。本文着重从激素、神经营养因子、免疫系统等方面来总结创伤后应激障碍发生的生物学机制。激素方面,PTSD主要与交感肾上腺髓质系统(Sympatho-adrenomedullarysystem,SAS)和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis,HPA)的功能异常有关;神经营养因子方面,其产生与分泌的异常增加或减少可能是PTSD产生的重要机制;免疫系统方面,PTSD可能与免疫系统相关的蛋白质、细胞的数量和功能变化有关。整合神经生物学与分子生物学、表观遗传学、蛋白质组学及分子影像学的成果将对PTSD的研究产生推动作用。     

支气管哮喘伴发抑郁大鼠模型的建立

目的探讨建立支气管哮喘伴发抑郁动物模型的方法。方法选择Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组与模型组,模型组采用卵蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)激发法建立哮喘模型,在此基础上给予慢性轻度不可预见性应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)28d,观察大鼠体质量、体征、肺组织结构、支气管肺泡灌洗液白细胞计数等变化,并用Open-field实验评价大鼠活动度和好奇心,通过糖水消耗实验评价大鼠快感缺乏与否。结果与对照组相比,模型组大鼠体质量增长明显缓慢(P0.05);肺组织呈哮喘样病理改变;支气管肺泡灌洗液白细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞及淋巴细胞增多;Open-field实验,大鼠垂直活动得分、水平活动得分显著降低(P0.05);糖水消耗量明显减少(P0.05)。结论OVA激发复合CUMS可成功制备支气管哮喘伴发抑郁大鼠模型。     

创伤后应激障碍闯入性记忆的生物学机制

创伤应激障碍主要以记忆紊乱为临床表现,其中闯入性记忆是其最显著特征.本文就闯入性记忆发生的生物学机制着重从前额叶、海马和杏仁核、神经环路来探讨创伤应激对脑认知功能的损害机制.     

肝癌致创伤后应激障碍的心理咨询探讨

目的:初步探索心理咨询对肝癌所致创伤后应激障碍患者的干预效果。方法:一例肝癌患者接受六次心理咨询服务。采用PTSD症状评估和生活事件症状测评量表,在咨询第一次和第六次对患者实施测评,并收集患者及家属的主观描述。结果:患者经过认知行为、放松和眼动脱敏干预后,其警觉性下降、创伤再体验次数明显减少、睡眠状况改善以及对癌症治疗的管理观念提高,三个月后对患者及家属回访显示,患者症状改善在回访期维持。结论:认知和眼动脱敏疗法对肝癌所致的创伤后应激障碍患者具有潜在的正性干预效果,未来尚需广泛的实证研究。     

颅脑损伤后创伤后应激障碍的研究进展

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是临床上常见的应激后反应,多见于重大创伤后,具有发病率高、临床表现复杂、治疗难度大等特点,已成为世界范围内广泛关注的公共卫生问题。颅脑损伤是引起PTSD的重要因素,近年来针对颅脑损伤后PTSD展开了一系列研究。本文通过回顾近年来有关颅脑损伤后PTSD的基础与临床研究,对颅脑损伤与PTSD相关性的流行病学特征、发病机制、诊断与鉴别以及药物和心理治疗中的进展和面临的困难进行综述,以期为颅脑损伤后PTSD的深入研究提供理论依据和新思路。     

逍遥散对CUMS模型大鼠行为学及脑内单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:观察逍遥散对慢性温和不可预知应激(CUMS)模型大鼠的行为学及脑内单胺类神经递质含量的影响。方法:应用慢性温和不可预知应激程序对大鼠进行为期11周的造模,造模后3周,分别采用逍遥散(19.5g/kg、25.0g/kg)和丙咪嗪(15.0mg/kg)对模型大鼠进行为期8周的治疗。实验进程中,定期测定大鼠体重、糖水消耗量;应用开场实验测定大鼠爬行格子数和站立次数;造模、治疗结束后处死大鼠,解剖分离大鼠皮层和海马部位,采用荧光分光光度法测定5-HLAA、5-HT、DA和NE含量。结果:与正常对照组比较。大鼠造模后3周糖水消耗量、爬行格子数和站立次数均明显减少(P<0.01);与模型对照组比较,逍遥散19.5、25.0g/kg连续给药2周能显著增加糖水消耗量,但给药4周、7周对糖水消耗量影响不明显;与模型对照组比较,逍遥散25.0g/kg连续给药7周,对大鼠体重、爬行格子数和站立次数表现出提高趋势(P>0.05),逍遥散25.0g/kg连续给药8周,能明显提高模型大鼠皮层部位5-HT含量及海马部位5-HIAA含量(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:逍遥散对CUMS抑郁模型大鼠表现出抗抑郁作用,作用机制与影响脑内单胺类神经递质5-HT活性有关。     

The Effects of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Biofeedback on Heart Rate Variability and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Pilot Study

Recent studies have found a significant association between PTSD and low heart rate variability (HRV), a biomarker of autonomic dysregulation. Research indicates that respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) biofeedback increases HRV while reducing related pathological symptoms. This controlled pilot study compared RSA biofeedback to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) as adjunctive interventions for 38 persons with PTSD symptoms in a residential treatment facility for a substance use disorder. Both groups were assessed at pre-intervention and 4-week post-intervention. Group × time interactions revealed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and increases in HRV indices for the RSA group. Both groups significantly reduced PTSD and insomnia symptoms and a statistical trend was observed for reduced substance craving for the RSA group. Increases in HRV were significantly associated with PTSD symptom reduction. Overall, these results provide preliminary support for the efficacy of RSA biofeedback in improving physiological and psychological health for individuals with PTSD.     

不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑TRH表达的影响

目的:研究分析两种不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠(CUMS)下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)表达的影响。方法:选取60只健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠编号后采用随机数字表法分为对照组(正常喂养)、模型组(仅建立CUMS模型,不予治疗)、观察组A(建立CUMS模型后,脉冲电针治疗)、观察组B(建立CUMS模型后,音乐电针治疗)、氟西汀组(建立CUMS模型后,氟西汀治疗)各12只,对除对照组之外的其他各组大鼠进行1只/笼的孤养结合方式建造CUMS模型,利用开野实验观察各组大鼠行为学改变,采用实时荧光定量(PCR)法测定各组大鼠下丘脑组织中TRH m RNA的表达,采用免疫组化法测定TRH蛋白的表达。结果:在刺激21 d后,模型组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著的低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数差异无统计学意义(P0.05);模型组大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CUMS大鼠下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素表达水平降低,脉冲电针与音乐电针能有效逆转这一现象,效果相当。     

Focus: Health Equity: Factors Influencing the Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Working Black Adults in the United States

Introduction: Work-related stress (WRS) and posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) is higher among Black adults relative to their White counterparts. Trauma exposure is not the only connection to increased risk for PTSD as WRS is highly associated with risk for PTSD. However, the factors that link WRS and PTSD among working Black adults is not well understood. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Survey of American Life was used to examine the relationship between WRS and PTSD among 2,139 working Black adults and to determine whether there are influencing factors. Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that working Black adults who reported experiencing WRS was associated with higher odds of PTSD than those who reported no WRS (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48). The relationship was attenuated when depression, alcohol abuse, and major discrimination were added to the model (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.87-1.36). Mediation analyses show that the average indirect effect of WRS on PTSD were 0.09 ± 0.04 for alcohol abuse, 0.14 ± 0.06 for depression, and 0.35 ± 0.10 for major discrimination. Conclusion: The results underscore the need for culturally responsive trauma-informed public health interventions for working Black adults. Public health practitioners should be alerted to the relationship between WRS and PTSD among working Black adults and the potential contributing factors (alcohol abuse, depression, and major discrimination). Special attention should be given to working Black females with their worse PTSD status and major discrimination experiences which demonstrated greater effect on the relationship between WRS and PTSD.     

早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激(chronic mild stress,CMS)大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响。方法:50只SD大鼠随机分成5组:对照组、模型组、低强度运动组、中等强度运动组、高强度运动组。运动组大鼠按照游泳运动方案运动4 w,糖水消耗实验和强迫游泳实验评价大鼠抑郁程度;Morris水迷宫实验评价大鼠学习记忆能力。结果:模型组大鼠糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间较对照组明显降低(P0.01),低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间明显增加(P0.05或P0.01);模型组大鼠较对照组逃避潜伏期明显延长,目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数减少,体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量下降(P0.05或P0.01);低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组比较,潜伏期缩短明显,目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数增加,体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量增加(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:早期游泳运动能减轻慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠的学习记忆的损害,其中低强度和中等强度运动训练作用效果最佳。     

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) Leaves Mitigates Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Model Inducing Depressive-Like Behavior in Rats

Several studies reported that rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) leaves present promising biological properties. To the best of our knowledge, no study investigated the possible application of their hydroalcoholic extract for treating mood disorders. Herein, we evaluated if the hydroalcoholic extract of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) leaves (HEV) promotes an antidepressant-like effect in rodents using chronic experimental approaches. The effect of repeated administration of HEV (50 mg/kg, p.o.) on the immobility time was assessed in the forced swimming test (FST) in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model. Repeated treatment with HEV reversed the depressive-like behavior induced by UCMS by reducing the immobility time. Besides, the exposure to HEV caused no changes in relative organ weights in rats submitted to UCMS. The results indicated that HEV administration presented antidepressant-like action devoid of toxic effects. Thus, it is possible to suggest its potential as a safe and accessible therapeutic tool in the management of depression and other related mood disorders.     

创伤后应激障碍的经颅磁刺激研究进展

创伤后应激障碍会损伤记忆、注意和执行等认知功能,引起异常的脑活动及脑区间功能连接.尽管药物治疗和心理干预能够取得一定的治疗效果,但存在药物副作用和起效延迟等问题.经颅磁刺激作为新的创伤后应激障碍干预手段受到越来越多的关注.本文通过综述经颅磁刺激干预创伤后应激障碍以及调控认知功能和脑活动的相关研究,系统探讨了创伤后应激障碍干预中经颅磁刺激模式、刺激靶点和疗效评估等问题,并提出未来借助更有效的技术手段进行定位、建立全面有效的评估体系和结合新的记忆理论探索具有长期临床改善效果的干预方案.     

Altered Function of Peripheral Organ Systems in Rats Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression

1. In depression, psychiatric symptoms are frequently associated with impaired cardiovascular function and perhaps also increased risk for cancer diseases. Pathophysiological basis of this comorbidity is not clearly understood. Molecular events involved, particularly factors modified by chronic stress exposure, may only be evaluated in animal models of depression.2. Present experiments were aimed to study parameters related to cardiovascular system (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in adrenal glands) and carcinogenesis (retinoic acid receptors in the liver) in the chronic mild stress model of depression.3. Chronic mild stress induced a rise in adrenal TH gene expression in both male and female rats. Gender dependent changes were found in retinoic acid receptor binding with stress-induced activation in females but not males. Ovariectomized animals exhibited higher retinoic acid receptor binding, slightly elevated TH mRNA levels and failed to respond to chronic mild stress exposure with further increase in TH mRNA levels. Similarly, chronic mild stress induced an anhedonic state manifested by decreased sucrose preference in control but not ovariectomized rats.4. Presented data document that central neurochemical and behavioral changes in animals exposed to chronic mild stress model of depression are associated with changes in adrenal TH gene expression and with gender dependent changes in retinoic acid receptor status in the liver. Such alterations may participate in the development of pathological changes and could participate on increased risk for cardiovascular and oncologic comorbidity in depressive patients.