发酵床猪粪腐解菌群筛选

在浙江省安吉县采集了相邻的天然灌木林和板栗林土壤,分析土壤水溶性碳(WSOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化碳(ROC)、水溶性有机氮(WSON)和微生物生物量氮(MBN),并利用核磁共振方法分析土壤总有机碳的波谱特征,研究天然灌木林改造成板栗林对土壤碳库和氮库的影响.结果表明： 天然灌木林改造成板栗林后,土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾显著增加,而WSOC、MBC、ROC、WSON和MBN显著下降.天然灌木林和板栗林土壤有机碳以烷基碳和烷氧碳为主.天然灌木林改造成板栗林后,土壤有机碳中的烷氧碳和羰基碳比例显著下降,而烷基碳和芳香碳比例以及A/O-A值和芳香度均显著增加.天然灌木林改造成板栗林并长期集约经营后,土壤活性碳库和氮库含量均显著下降,而土壤碳库的稳定性显著增加.     

天然灌木林改造成板栗林对土壤碳库和氮库的影响

在浙江省安吉县采集了相邻的天然灌木林和板栗林土壤,分析土壤水溶性碳(WSOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化碳(ROC)、水溶性有机氮(WSON)和微生物生物量氮(MBN),并利用核磁共振方法分析土壤总有机碳的波谱特征,研究天然灌木林改造成板栗林对土壤碳库和氮库的影响.结果表明： 天然灌木林改造成板栗林后,土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾显著增加,而WSOC、MBC、ROC、WSON和MBN显著下降.天然灌木林和板栗林土壤有机碳以烷基碳和烷氧碳为主.天然灌木林改造成板栗林后,土壤有机碳中的烷氧碳和羰基碳比例显著下降,而烷基碳和芳香碳比例以及A/O-A值和芳香度均显著增加.天然灌木林改造成板栗林并长期集约经营后,土壤活性碳库和氮库含量均显著下降,而土壤碳库的稳定性显著增加.     

亚热带不同林分土壤表层有机碳组成及其稳定性

在浙江临安玲珑山选取了常绿阔叶林、马尾松林、板栗林和雷竹林4种林分,采用传统的化学方法与固态13C核磁共振(NMR)技术研究其土壤有机碳在不同粒径土壤颗粒中的分布规律和结构特征,探讨林分类别和管理措施对土壤有机碳含量及其结构的影响,为亚热带地区森林固碳和土壤碳库管理提供科学依据。结果显示:(1)土壤表层(0—20 cm)有机碳含量按以下次序递减:雷竹林>常绿阔叶林>马尾松林>板栗林,且板栗林以粉黏粒结合态碳为主,其他林分土壤则以粗砂结合态碳为主;(2)13C NMR结果表明,阔叶林和马尾松林土壤有机碳中烷基碳所占比例最大,而雷竹林和板栗林则是烷氧碳比例最大,表明人工经营措施改变了土壤有机碳的成分组成;(3)随着土壤颗粒变细,有机碳中烷基碳比例增加,烷氧碳比例减少,A/O-A值和疏水碳/亲水碳值逐渐增大,表明颗粒越细,其结合的有机碳结构稳定性越高。     

集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳氮库及酶活性的影响

为探明集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳库、氮库以及酶活性的影响,在浙江省临安市选取相邻的粗放经营毛竹林和集约经营毛竹林(经营年限为15年),测定表层(0～20 cm)与亚表层(20～40 cm)土壤不同形态碳氮和蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性.结果表明: 长期集约经营显著降低毛竹林土壤有机碳含量和储量,表层和亚表层土壤有机碳储量分别下降13.2%和18.0%;集约经营15年后,毛竹林表层和亚表层土壤水溶性碳、热水溶性碳、微生物生物量碳和易氧化碳含量均显著降低;与粗放经营毛竹林相比,集约经营毛竹林表层和亚表层土壤氮储量分别增加50.8%和36.6%;集约经营显著增加毛竹林土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,显著降低土壤水溶性氮和微生物生物量氮含量;集约经营15年后,毛竹林表层土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著下降,亚表层土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著下降,而其他酶活性均无显著变化.长期集约经营导致毛竹林土壤碳储量、活性碳库和微生物活性显著下降,在以后的经营过程中要注意化肥与有机肥配合使用,以保证毛竹林的可持续经营.     

山核桃林集约经营过程中土壤有机碳和微生物功能多样性的变化

研究集约经营时间为5、10、15、20 a山核桃林的土壤有机碳和微生物功能多样性的演变规律.结果表明: 天然混交林改造为山核桃纯林并经强度经营后,林地土壤有机碳(TOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量显著下降,但有机碳库的稳定性增强.与天然山核桃 阔叶混交林(0 a)相比,经过5 a的强度经营,TOC、MBC、WSOC含量分别下降28.4%、34.1%和53.3%,20 a后分别下降38.6%、48.9%和64.1%,土壤有机碳组分中的芳香碳、酚基碳和羰基碳比例提高,芳香度提高了23.0%.山核桃的强度经营降低了土壤微生物功能多样性,0、5 a与10、15、20 a土壤微生物活性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)值差异显著,Shannon指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)在0、5 a与15、20 a间差异显著.林地土壤TOC、WSOC、MBC、AWCD、H和E等6个指标两两之间均显著相关.     

互花米草入侵对漳江口红树林湿地土壤有机碳官能团特征的影响

红树林对全球气候变化敏感, 近年来不少区域又受互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵的影响, 土壤碳库组成发生显著变化, 然而鲜有从有机碳官能团特征角度出发的关于两群落的研究。为了解在红树林群落与互花米草群落下土壤碳库及其有机碳官能团的特征差异, 在福建省云霄县漳江口红树林自然保护区湿地内由内陆到海岸方向选取3条样带, 每条样带依次选取3个样地: 红树林群落(MC)、秋茄(Kandelia obovata)-互花米草过渡带(TC)和互花米草群落(SC), 每个样地选取3个呈品字形分布的采样点, 分5层采集0-100 cm土壤样品, 分析土壤中的总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)以及可溶性有机碳(DOC)特征, 并利用核磁共振波谱法测定表层0-15 cm与深层75-100 cm土壤总有机碳官能团特征, 以空间换时间法研究入侵前后土壤碳库变化特征。结果表明: (1)从MC群落到SC群落, 土壤有机碳库显著减小, 各样地总有机碳与颗粒有机碳含量表现为MC > TC > SC, 并随着土层深度增加而减少, DOC含量没有表现出明显的变化趋势。(2)各植被类型土壤有机碳以烷基碳与烷氧碳为主, 其次是芳香碳与羰基碳, N-烷氧碳与酚基碳含量最少, 其中表层0-15 cm土壤从红树林群落到互花米草群落, 烷基碳与烷氧碳含量呈现增加趋势但不显著, 芳香碳与酚基碳含量显著减少, 其余有机碳组分含量无显著差异。在深层75-100 cm随着植被类型的改变, 土壤有机碳组成结构均无显著差异。(3)在0-15 cm土层, 烷基碳/烷氧碳含量表现为: SC > MC > TC; 芳香度表现为SC最小, MC与TC无显著差异; 疏水碳/亲水碳无显著差异; 脂族碳/芳香碳表现为SC显著大于其他两种植被类型, MC与TC无显著差异。在75-100 cm土层, 各比值无显著差异。综上所述, 红树林群落碳储量显著高于互花米草群落, 受植被的影响, 互花米草群落表层土壤有机碳分解程度显著高于红树林群落, 而红树林群落的土壤有机碳分子结构要比互花米草群落更复杂, 以维持其土壤有机碳的稳定性。因此, 互花米草入侵红树林后可能会加快有机碳的分解, 最终稳定在相对简单的分子结构, 降低土壤碳储量。     

Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon composition of mangrove wetland in Zhangjiang River Estuary

红树林对全球气候变化敏感, 近年来不少区域又受互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵的影响, 土壤碳库组成发生显著变化, 然而鲜有从有机碳官能团特征角度出发的关于两群落的研究。为了解在红树林群落与互花米草群落下土壤碳库及其有机碳官能团的特征差异, 在福建省云霄县漳江口红树林自然保护区湿地内由内陆到海岸方向选取3条样带, 每条样带依次选取3个样地: 红树林群落(MC)、秋茄(Kandelia obovata)-互花米草过渡带(TC)和互花米草群落(SC), 每个样地选取3个呈品字形分布的采样点, 分5层采集0-100 cm土壤样品, 分析土壤中的总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)以及可溶性有机碳(DOC)特征, 并利用核磁共振波谱法测定表层0-15 cm与深层75-100 cm土壤总有机碳官能团特征, 以空间换时间法研究入侵前后土壤碳库变化特征。结果表明: (1)从MC群落到SC群落, 土壤有机碳库显著减小, 各样地总有机碳与颗粒有机碳含量表现为MC > TC > SC, 并随着土层深度增加而减少, DOC含量没有表现出明显的变化趋势。(2)各植被类型土壤有机碳以烷基碳与烷氧碳为主, 其次是芳香碳与羰基碳, N-烷氧碳与酚基碳含量最少, 其中表层0-15 cm土壤从红树林群落到互花米草群落, 烷基碳与烷氧碳含量呈现增加趋势但不显著, 芳香碳与酚基碳含量显著减少, 其余有机碳组分含量无显著差异。在深层75-100 cm随着植被类型的改变, 土壤有机碳组成结构均无显著差异。(3)在0-15 cm土层, 烷基碳/烷氧碳含量表现为: SC > MC > TC; 芳香度表现为SC最小, MC与TC无显著差异; 疏水碳/亲水碳无显著差异; 脂族碳/芳香碳表现为SC显著大于其他两种植被类型, MC与TC无显著差异。在75-100 cm土层, 各比值无显著差异。综上所述, 红树林群落碳储量显著高于互花米草群落, 受植被的影响, 互花米草群落表层土壤有机碳分解程度显著高于红树林群落, 而红树林群落的土壤有机碳分子结构要比互花米草群落更复杂, 以维持其土壤有机碳的稳定性。因此, 互花米草入侵红树林后可能会加快有机碳的分解, 最终稳定在相对简单的分子结构, 降低土壤碳储量。     

川南天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后土壤碳库与肥力的变化

对川南天然常绿阔叶林及其人工更新成檫木林、柳杉林和水杉林后土壤不同形态碳素含量、碳库管理指数、养分含量和酶活性进行研究,并探讨了土壤不同形态碳素及碳库管理指数与土壤肥力之间的关系.结果表明:各季节土壤有机碳、水溶性有机碳、微生物量碳、活性有机碳、稳定态碳、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均为天然常绿阔叶林＞檫木林＞水杉林＞柳杉林,土壤碳库管理指数也为天然常绿阔叶林＞檫木林＞水杉林＞柳杉林,且土壤不同形态碳素含量和碳库管理指数与土壤养分含量及酶活性之间存在显著的相关关系.这说明了天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后土壤不同形态碳素含量、碳库管理指数和土壤肥力下降,且各人工林下降程度不同,而且土壤不同形态碳素含量和碳库管理指数的变化能够较好地表征土壤肥力的变化.研究结果为保护天然常绿阔叶林、选择适宜的更新树种和天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后林地土壤的科学管理提供依据,也为退耕还林中树种的选择提供参考.     

短期降水控制对鼎湖山南亚热带季风林土壤有机碳及官能团碳组分的影响

区域降水特征变化影响森林土壤有机碳积累。2013年6月—2017年1月,设置年降水量减少50%(DP)、年降水总量不变而降水次数增加(IF)、自然降水(CK)3种降水处理,利用¹³CNMR技术研究鼎湖山南亚热带季风林土壤总有机碳及其官能团碳组分对降水变化的响应。结果表明:DP处理显著提高了20—40 cm土壤易氧化有机碳, IF处理显著提高了0—10cm土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳;鼎湖山季风林土壤官能团碳结构以烷氧碳为主;DP处理显著提高了20—40 cm土壤烷氧碳和芳香碳含量, IF处理显著提高了0—10 cm土壤的烷氧碳、芳香碳与羰基碳含量;在土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳显著变化的土层中惰性指数趋于降低。短期降水控制增加了鼎湖山南亚热带季风林土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳,其官能团组分也发生改变,土壤碳结构稳定性下降,不利于季风林土壤有机碳的积累。     

增温对南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

全球变暖是当前全球气候变化的主要现象,影响着陆地生态系统的碳循环。森林土壤是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,森林土壤有机碳及其不同组分的积累受到气候变暖的影响,许多研究普遍发现短期增温减少土壤有机碳及其活性碳组分,但尚不清楚这种负效应在长期增温下是否仍存在和有机碳组分是否变化。以鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林为研究对象,采用红外辐射模拟增温,探究长期增温对南亚热带森林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响。2017—2021年的连续增温观测结果表明:与对照相比,在表层土壤中,增温处理下土壤有机碳含量显著增加4.5%,其中土壤重组有机碳库显著降低9.1%,轻组有机碳库显著增加9.8%,易氧化有机碳含量显著增加5.8%,但微生物生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、惰性有机碳和络合态碳含量不变。增温持续时间显著影响土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳、轻组有机碳库、重组有机碳库、惰性有机碳和络合态碳。增温处理与增温持续时间的交互作用显著影响微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳和重组有机碳库,但对土壤有机碳、土壤可溶性有机碳、惰性有机碳、络合态碳和轻组有机碳库无显著影响。综上所述,长期增温背景下南亚热带季风林的土壤有机碳因土壤活性有机碳组分的增加而增加,使总有机碳增加的生物调控作用可能比矿物保护作用强,但减少的惰性碳组分和增加的活性碳组分可能会使土壤有机碳稳定性下降。本研究结果探讨了南亚热带森林表层土壤有机碳及其组分对长期增温的响应,与大多数研究所发现的短期增温使表层土壤有机碳含量减少形成对比,结果可为预测未来该地区土壤碳库的变化特征提供科学依据和理论支持。     

Converting paddy fields to Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) stands affected soil nutrient concentrations, labile organic carbon pools, and organic carbon chemical compositions

Background and aims

Land-use change often markedly alters soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pool sizes with implications for climate change and soil sustainability. The objective of this research was to study the effect of converting paddy fields to Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) stands on soil C and N and other nutrient pools as well as the chemical structure of soil organic C (SOC) in the soil profile.

Methods

Soils (Anthrosols) from four adjacent paddy field–bamboo forest pairs with a known land-use history were sampled from Lin’an County, Zhejiang Province. Soil water soluble organic C (WSOC), hot water soluble organic C (HWSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), readily oxidizable C (ROC), water soluble organic N (WSON), and other soil chemical and physical properties were determined. Soil organic C functional group compositions were determined by ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Results

Concentrations of soil available P, available K, and different N forms increased (P?<?0.05) by the land-use conversion. Higher concentrations of SOC and total N (TN) were observed in the subsoil (20–40 and 40–60 cm soil layers) but not in the topsoil (0–20 cm layer) in the bamboo stands than in the paddy fields. The storage of SOC and TN in the entire soil profile (0–60 cm) increased by 56.7 and 70.7 %, respectively, after the land-use change. The increases in the SOC stock of the three soil layers were 11.0, 14.3, and 9.5 Mg C ha^?1, respectively. The conversion decreased WSOC concentrations in the subsoil but increased the ROC concentration in the topsoil. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of soil samples showed that the conversion increased (P?<?0.05) the O-alkyl C content while decreased the aromatic C content, alkyl C to O-alkyl C ratio (A/O-A), and aromaticity of SOC.

Conclusions

Conversion of paddy fields to bamboo stands increased soil nutrient availability, and SOC and TN stocks. Effects of land-use change on C pools and C chemistry of SOC varied among different soil layers in the profile. The impact of the land-use conversion on soil organic C pools was not restricted to the topsoil, but changes in the subsoil were equally large and should be accounted for.     

Cultivation effects on the nature of organic matter in soils and water extracts using CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy

The objective of this study was to examine the chemical structure of the organic matter (SOM) of Oxisols soils in slash and burn agriculture, in relation to its biological properties and soil fertility. The CP/MAS ¹³C technique was used to identify the main structural groups in litter and fine roots as SOM precursors; to identify the changes on the nature of the SOM upon cultivation and the proportion of labile and stable components; and to identify the nature of the organics present in water extracts (DOC). Carbohydrates were the main structural components in litter whereas components such as carbonyl C, carboxyl C,O-alkyl C and alkyl C were more common in SOM. Phenolic C and the degree of aromaticity were similar in litter and SOM. Cultivation resulted in a small decrease in the relative proportion of carbohydrates in SOM, little change in the levels of O-alkyl C and carbonyl C, but an increase in carboxyl C, phenolic C and aromaticity of the SOM. The level of alkyl C in soil was higher than the level of O-alkyl C, indicating the importance of long-chain aliphatics along with lignins in the stabilization of the SOM in Oxisols. The SOM of Mollisols from the Canadian Prairies differed from the Oxisol, with a generally stronger expression of aromatic structures, particularly in a cultivated soil in relation to a native equivalent. Carbohydrate components were the predominant structures in the DOC, indicating their importance in nutrient cycling and vertical translocations in the Oxisol.     

Aspects of the chemical structure of soil organic materials as revealed by solid-state13C NMR spectroscopy

Solid-state cross-polarisation/magic-angle-spinning³C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS¹³C NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterise semi-quantitatively the organic materials contained in particle size and density fractions isolated from five different mineral soils: two Mollisols, two Oxisols and an Andosol. The acquired spectra were analysed to determine the relative proportion of carboxyl, aromatic, O-alkyl and alkyl carbon contained in each fraction. Although similar types of carbon were present in all of the fractions analysed, an influence of both soil type and particle size was evident.The chemical structure of the organic materials contained in the particle size fractions isolated from the Andosol was similar; however, for the Mollisols and Oxisols, the content of O-alkyl, aromatic and alkyl carbon was greatest in the coarse, intermediate and fine fractions, respectively. The compositional differences noted in progressing from the coarser to finer particle size fractions in the Mollisols and Oxisols were consistent with the changes noted in other studies where CP/MAS¹³C NMR was used to monitor the decomposition of natural organic materials. Changes in the C:N ratio of the particle size fractions supported the proposal that the extent of decomposition of the organic materials contained in the fine fractions was greater than that contained in the coarse fractions. The increased content of aromatic and alkyl carbon in the intermediate size fractions could be explained completely by a selective preservation mechanism; however, the further accumulation of alkyl carbon in the clay fractions appeared to result from both a selective preservation and anin situ synthesis.The largest compositional differences noted for the entire organic fraction of the five soils were observed between soil orders. The differences within orders were smaller. The Mollisols and the Andosol were both dominated by O-alkyl carbon but the Andosol had a lower alkyl carbon content. The Oxisols were dominated by both O-alkyl and alkyl carbon.A model describing the oxidative decomposition of plant materials in mineral soils is proposed and used to explain the influence of soil order and particle size on the chemical composition of soil organic matter in terms of its extent of decomposition and bioavailability.     

Changes in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after Contrasting Land-use Transitions in Northeastern Costa Rica

Northeastern Costa Rica is a mosaic of primary and secondary forests, tree plantations, pastures, and cash crops. Many studies have quantified the effects of one type of land-use transition (for example, deforestation or reforestation) on soil properties such as organic carbon (C) storage, but few have compared different land-use transitions simultaneously. We can best understand the effects of land-use change on regional and global ecosystem processes by considering all of the land-use transitions that occur in a landscape. In this study, I examined the changes in total soil C and nitrogen (N) pools (to 0.3 m) that have accompanied different land-use transitions in a 140,000-ha region in northeastern Costa Rica. I paired sites that had similar topography and soils but differed in recent land-use history. The following land-use transitions were represented: 12 conversions of primary forests to banana plantations, 15 conversions of pastures to cash crops, and four conversions of pastures to Vochysia guatemalensis tree plantations. The conversion of forests to bananas decreased soil C concentrations and inventories (Mg C ha^–1) in the surface soil by 37% and 16.5%, respectively. The conversion of pastures to cash crops reduced soil C concentrations and inventories to the same extent that forest-to-banana cropping did. Furthermore, young Vochysia plantations do not appear to increase soil C storage, at least over the 1st decade. When data from all land-use transitions were pooled, the difference in root biomass and leaf litter pools between land-use pairs explained 50% of the differences in soil C concentrations and 36% of the differences in soil C inventories. Thus, reduced productivity or C inputs to the soil is one mechanism that could explain the losses in soil C pools with land-use change. In this landscape, losses of soil C due to cultivation are rapid, whereas re- accumulation rates are slow. Total soil N pools (0–10 cm) were also reduced after the conversion of forests to banana plantations or the conversion of pastures to crops, despite fertilization of the cropped soils. This suggests that the added N fertilizer is not retained but instead is exported via produce, N gas emissions, and hydrologic processes.     

武夷山不同海拔土壤呼吸对变暖和变冷的响应

由于人类活动,我国亚热带地区正面临剧烈的气候变化,这可能对土壤呼吸有潜在影响.本研究选择武夷山国家公园内针叶林(1442 m)和常绿阔叶林(645 m)为对象,通过土柱置换试验模拟变暖(针叶林置换到常绿阔叶林)和变冷(常绿阔叶林置换到针叶林),探讨模拟变暖和变冷对土壤碳过程的影响,测定两个海拔样地的原位和置换处理的微气...     

黄土丘陵区三种典型退耕还林地土壤固碳效应差异

探讨了黄土丘陵区退耕种植10—40a的柠条、沙棘及刺槐林地土壤总有机碳库及其活性组分密度随退耕时间、土层分布及相对比例的变化差异。结果表明:100 cm深土壤碳库在退耕10a时仅柠条林地碳库未比坡耕地显著增加,但退耕20—40a3种林地比退耕10a时都已有显著增加,且增幅均为刺槐>沙棘>柠条,其中总有机碳的最大增幅分别达到90.92、27.87、14.89Mg/hm2,活性有机碳的分别达到30.28、10.51、9.67 Mg/hm2。各还林地碳库增加在退耕10a时主要来自0—40 cm浅层土,而40—100 cm深层土碳库到退耕20a起才开始显著增加。对比退耕10a时,到退耕40a时柠条、沙棘及刺槐林地0—20 cm表层土分别平均累积了35.4%、27.9%、27.1%的总有机碳,20.2%、45.1%、23.1%的活性有机碳,而20—100 cm各土层间对碳库累积比例大小变化无一致规律,平均每20 cm厚土层累积了17.4%的总有机碳和17.6%活性有机碳。并且相比坡耕地,各林地均使100 cm深土壤活性有机碳占总有机碳的比例提高,改良了碳库质量。综上分析,长期退耕下3种林地固碳效应有明显差异,以刺槐林地碳累积效应较强。     

Long-Term Grazing Exclusion Improves the Composition and Stability of Soil Organic Matter in Inner Mongolian Grasslands

Alteration of the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in Inner Mongolian grassland soils associated with the duration of grazing exclusion (GE) has been considered an important index for evaluating the restoring effects of GE practice. By using five plots from a grassland succession series from free grazing to 31-year GE, we measured the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), humic acid carbon (HAC), fulvic acid carbon (FAC), humin carbon (HUC), and humic acid structure to evaluate the changes in SOM composition. The results showed that SOC, HUC, and the ratios of HAC/FAC and HAC/extractable humus carbon (C) increased significantly with prolonged GE duration, and their relationships can be well fitted by positive exponential equations, except for FAC. In contrast, the HAC content increased logarithmically with prolonged GE duration. Long-term GE enhanced the content of SOC and soil humification, which was obvious after more than 10 years of GE. Solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the ratios of alkyl C/O-alkyl C first decreased, and then remained stable with prolonged GE. Alternately, the ratios of aromaticity and hydrophobicity first increased, and then were maintained at relatively stable levels. Thus, a decade of GE improved the composition and structure of SOM in semiarid grassland soil and made it more stable. These findings provide new evidence to support the positive effects of long-term GE on soil SOC sequestration in the Inner Mongolian grasslands, in view of the improvement of SOM structure and stability.