首次用一对引物扩得大粉瘤菌小亚基rDNA长片段

用引物SMNUR101和NS6对大粉瘤菌小亚基rDNA进行了PCR扩增,取得成功,片段长度为1400～1500bp。用一对引物扩得大粉瘤菌这样长的小亚基片段,在国内外还属首次。     

新疆地区盐湖的中度嗜盐菌的16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析*

对来自新疆地区艾丁湖、艾比湖和玛那斯盐湖等盐湖的２８株中度嗜盐菌与９株相关的参比菌株, 进行了１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析,这些菌株是革兰氏阴性杆菌,能在０～２５％ＮａＣｌ中生长。在实验中, 选用４种限制性内切酶ＡｌｕＩ、ＨｉｎｆＩ、ＲｓａＩ和ＨａｅⅢ,将供试菌株的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ产物进行酶切,用３％ 的琼脂糖电泳分析酶切产物。结果表明,在７４％的相似性水平上分为３群。群Ⅰ包括新分离的菌株ＣＩ和　　参比菌株死海色盐杆菌（Ｃｈｒ     

鸡眼草根瘤菌的１６SrDNA全序列分析

Based on the previous studies on numerical taxonomy, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell protein and DNA hybridization, the rhizobial strains isolated from Kummerowia sp. in semi-arid area of North-west constituted a new subgroup, the 16S rDNA sequence of representative strain SH714 were tested. The unrooted phylogenetic tree was produced. In this tree, the strain SH714 with Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis, S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. medicae, S. saheli and S. teranga constituted a branch of Sinorhizobium. Within this branch, the similarity valuse of 16S rDNA sequence between strain SH714 and S. xinjiangesis, S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. medicae, S. saheli and S. teranga were 97.4%, 97.5%, 96.8%, 96.7%, 97.2% and 95.6% respectively, the values were more than 95%, this indicated that these known species should belong to the same genus. The values of DNA homology between type strains of these species were less than 70%. Thus, the strain SH714 represented a new rhizobial species, and there were some diversity between SH714 and known rhizobial species in phenotypic feature and composition of protein.     

香蕉束顶病植原体16S rDNA片段的RFLP和序列分析

香蕉束顶病（ＢＢＴ）是一种发生在蕉类作物的严重病害。从带有典型香蕉束顶病症状的香蕉植株中按照检测植原体的方法提取ＤＮＡ,扩增患病植株中植原体１６ＳｒＤＮＡ片段,证明香蕉束顶病中有植原体存在。对此扩增片段进行限制性酶切片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）分析和核酸序列分析,并与已知植原体的序列进行同源性比较,构建进化树。结果显示该片段与Ｇｒ１的亲缘关系最近。     

西部某些根瘤菌的数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析

选用61株分离自我国西北地区的野豌豆、棘豆、苜蓿和草木樨根瘤菌和4株已知参比菌株,进行了营养利用、抗生素抗性和耐逆性等13个表型性状研究,通过MINTS软件分析,得到了数值分类树状图,发现全部供试菌株在79％的相似性水平上,分为5个群。对57株未知菌株和10株参比菌株16SrDNAPCR－RFLD分析,发现共具有20个遗传图谱类型,聚类分析树状图表明所有菌株共分为5个系统发育分支,与数值分类结果有较好的一致性。     

Phyto‐specific 16S rDNA PCR primers for recovering algal and plant sequences from mixed samples

Molecular environmental sampling of the phototrophic complexity in a given environment may be important in a number of research disciplines. Because of the broad evolutionary diversity of photosynthetic organisms, however, primers that can recover sequences from all phototrophs also target other organisms, often preferentially. Therefore, PCR primers that selectively amplify genes of phototrophs over those of other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms could prove extremely useful. Here we report two such primers that target 16S rDNA from Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic plastids, but do not amplify genes from abundant Bacteria in a mixed sample.     

利用16SrDNA建立种特异性PCR快速检测鸭疫里默氏菌

鸭疫里默氏菌感染是危害养鸭业的主要疾病,用表型指标鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌存在不足,因此有必要建立检测该菌的种特异性PCR法。利用已登录的鸭疫里默氏菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的16S rDNA基因序列,设计了一对鸭疫里默氏菌16S rDNA基因的特异性引物190f和843r,分别以基因组DNA和菌落提取液为模板,从1-19型鸭疫里默氏菌参考菌株和代表亚型、变异株和可能新型的国内分离株共26株细菌中均扩增出大小为654bp的特异性片段,而扩增鸭大肠杆菌、鸭沙门氏菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等感染鸭的常见细菌的结果均呈阴性。分别将鸭疫里默氏菌基因组DNA和菌落提取液进行10倍梯度稀释,基因组DNA的最小检出量为50pg,菌落最小检出量为15CFU／mL。结果说明,该PCR法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于快速鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌。     

利用16S rDNA建立种特异性PCR快速检测鸭疫里默氏菌

鸭疫里默氏菌感染是危害养鸭业的主要疾病,用表型指标鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌存在不足,因此有必要建立检测该菌的种特异性PCR法。利用已登录的鸭疫里默氏菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的16S rDNA基因序列,设计了一对鸭疫里默氏菌16S rDNA基因的特异性引物190f和843r,分别以基因组DNA和菌落提取液为模板,从1~19型鸭疫里默氏菌参考菌株和代表亚型、变异株和可能新型的国内分离株共26株细菌中均扩增出大小为654bp的特异性片段,而扩增鸭大肠杆菌、鸭沙门氏菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等感染鸭的常见细菌的结果均呈阴性。分别将鸭疫里默氏菌基因组DNA和菌落提取液进行10倍梯度稀释,基因组DNA的最小检出量为50pg,菌落最小检出量为15CFU/mL。结果说明,该PCR法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于快速鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌。     

基于16S rDNA序列探讨十种臂尾轮虫的系统关系和分类地位

通过对角突臂尾轮虫、尾突臂尾轮虫、裂足臂尾轮虫、剪形臂尾轮虫、方形臂尾轮虫、壶状臂尾轮虫、红臂尾轮虫、镰肜臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和十指臂尾轮虫等十种臂尾轮虫和大肚须足轮虫的线粒体16s rDNA进行扩增和序列测序,结合Genebank 中十指臂尾轮虫的16S rDNA序列,使用MAGE软件构建了NJ(neighbor-joining method)树,使用mrbayes软件构建了贝叶斯树,探讨了十种臂尾轮虫之间的系统关系.结果表明,本研究所涉及的轮虫16S rDNA序列差异百分比均值为14.6%,可作为分子标记应用于轮虫属内种间系统关系研究;系统树均支持将十指臂尾轮虫、裂足臂尾轮虫隶属于臂尾轮属;壶状臂尾轮虫和红臂尾轮虫是两个独立的种.此外,还依据16S rDNA序列变异百分比推测了十种臂尾轮虫的分化时间.     

基于28S rDNA D1-D2基因片段与16S rDNA部分序列联合分析的叶肢介系统发育研究

叶肢介(Conchostraca)的系统发育问题一直是甲壳动物研究中颇具争议的一个课题.本研究测定了我国2种叶肢介(Eocyzicus mongolianus,Eoc yzicus orientalis)的28S rDNA D1-D2区基因序列和16S rDNA E-G区序列,并与GenBank中的20种叶肢介序列一起...     

Phylogeny of coral-inhabiting barnacles (Cirripedia; Thoracica; Pyrgomatidae) based on 12S, 16S and 18S rDNA analysis

The traditional phylogeny of the coral-inhabiting barnacles, the Pyrgomatidae, is based on morphological characteristics, mainly of the hard parts. It has been difficult to establish the phylogenetic relationships among Pyrgomatidae because of the apparent convergence of morphological characteristics, and due to the use of non-cladistic systematics, which emphasize ancestor-descendant relationships rather than sister-clade relationships. We used partial sequences of two mithochondrial genes, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA, and a nuclear gene, 18S rDNA, to infer the molecular phylogeny of the pyrgomatids. Our phylogenetic results allowed us to reject previous classifications of Pyrgomatidae based on morphological characteristics. Our results also suggested the possibility of paraphyly of the Pyrgomatidae. The hydrocoral barnacle Wanella is not found on the same clade as the other pyrgomatids, but rather, with the free-living balanids. The basal position of Megatrema and Ceratoconcha is supported. The archeaobalanid Armatobalanus is grouped with Cantellius at the base of the Indo-Pacific pyrgomatines. Fusion of the shell plate and modification of the opercular valves are homoplasious features that occurred more than three times on different clades. The monophyly of the "Savignium" group, comprising four nominal genera, is also not supported, and the different taxa are placed on different clades.     

斜茎黄芪根瘤菌的16SrDNA和23SrDNAPCR—RFLP比较分析

在表型性状数值分析和ＡＦＬＰ指纹图谱分析的基础上,选取５４株斜茎黄芪根瘤菌的代表菌株及已知根瘤菌参比菌株,进行１６ＳｒＤＮＡ和２３ＳｒＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ比较分析。结果表明斜茎黄芪根瘤菌具有极大的系统发育多样性,分别具有２４个１６ＳｒＤＮＡ遗传图谱类型和２２个２３ＳｒＤＮＡ遗传图谱类型,１６ＳｒＤＮＡ与２３ＳｒＤＮＡＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ聚类分析树状图谱有较好的一致性,但也存在一些差异。在对较大类群的划分上,它们的结果与表型性状数值分析结果有较好的一致性。将１６ＳｒＤＮＡ和２３ＳｒＤＮＡＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析数据合并在一起进行分析时,得出２６个综合遗传图谱类型和１个综合聚类分析树状图谱。很明显,１６ＳｒＤＮＡ与２３ＳｒＤＮＡ的合并,能够得出更可靠的系统发育结论。     

新疆地区盐湖的中度嗜盐菌的16S rDNA PCR—RFLP分析

对来自新疆地区艾丁湖、艾比湖和玛那斯盐湖等盐湖的２８株中度嗜盐菌与９株相关的参比菌株,进行了１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析,这些菌株是革兰氏阴性杆菌,能在０～２５％ＮａＣｌ中生长。在实验中,选用４种限制性内切酶ＡｌｕⅠ、ＨｉｎｆⅠ、ＲｓａⅠ和ＨａｅⅢ,将供试菌株的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ产物进行酶切,用３％的琼脂糖电泳分析酶切产物。结果表明,在７４％的相似性水平上分为３群。群Ⅰ包括新分离的     

自溶高温放线菌的生物学特性及16S,rDNA序列分析研究

从云南各地土样及温泉水样中分离到多株高温放线菌。对其中的自溶高温放线菌的形态,生理生化特性、细胞化学组分、同功酶谱及16S rDNA序列进行了研究,结果表明它们与非自溶放线菌在上述各方面存在着明显差异分别属于高温放线菌属（Thermoactinomyces)和链霉菌属（Streptomyces)。同时发现培养基成分、温度、空气湿度对菌体自溶均有显著影响,特别是水分对链霉菌的自溶起着关键作用。     

UNIVERSAL PRIMERS AMPLIFY A 23S rDNA PLASTID MARKER IN EUKARYOTIC ALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA1

The challenge in the development of universal algal primers lies in the genetic diversity contained within the vast array of evolutionary lineages present in this informally named group of organisms. A comparative genomics approach was used previously to identify conserved primers flanking a region of the plastid genome. Our present research illustrates the feasibility of amplifying and sequencing this marker across multiple algal lineages. We present a preliminary framework of 107 novel sequences of this region from 62 red algae, 19 green algae, 14 brown algae, 8 cyanobacteria, 2 diatoms, 1 xanthophyte, and 1 euglenoid, and illustrate levels of divergence of the marker for well‐represented groups in a neighbor‐joining analysis. This ～410 nt region distinguishes most species included in the analysis. The remarkable universality of these primers suggests potential for their use in assays of environmental samples in which they could be used to simultaneously detect a number of different algal lineages.     

沙坡头地区根瘤菌DNA同源性及16SrDNA全序列

数值分类和多位点酶电泳分析表明,分离自宁夏沙坡头 地区的12株根瘤菌构成一个独立的表观群。对这一菌群进行了DNA同源性和群内中心菌株1 6SrDNA全序列分析。12个菌株的G+C mol%在56.4～62.2范围内;群内DNA同源性为72.3% ～9.5%,大于70%,属种内水平;中心株N220的16SrDNA全序列与参比菌株的序列比较,从 模拟系统发育树看出,它与三株土壤杆菌、三株根瘤菌的16SrDNA序列同源性在94.8%～99 .2%的相似性水平上构成一个分支,看来沙坡头地区这群根瘤菌是一个独立的新种群。     

Development and evaluation of specific 16S rDNA primers for marine Cytophaga–Flavobacteria cluster

Through multiple alignment analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from all known genera of Cytophaga–Flavobacteria (CF) cluster, a new primer pair specifically targeting this cluster was developed, greatly facilitating their diversity and function's exploration in marine ecosystems. Compared with previously reported primers, the new primer pair could theoretically retrieve broader CF diversity without decreasing specificity. The effectiveness for field samples was further evaluated by testing the community DNA samples from various marine environments using the optimal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions established in this work. The results showed its robustness and high specificity for amplifying CF cluster's 16S rDNA fragments from complex marine environments.     

16S rDNA用作荧光定量PCR靶基因快速检测铜绿假单胞菌

对20余种细菌16SrDNAs进行多序列比对与进化树分析,设计铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa,PA)荧光定量PCR(fluorescencequantitativePCR,FQ-PCR)特异性引物。提取PA基因组DNA,以特异性引物扩增16SrDNA靶片段,并构建重组质粒pMDT-Pfr。将梯度稀释的pMDT-Pfr质粒作为模板,用于建立定量标准曲线。以SYBRGreenI荧光染料建立20μL反应体系,对不同浓度的PADNA样品进行FQ-PCR检测。同时,以金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌、福氏志贺菌、变形杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和结核杆菌的基因组DNA作阴性对照,验证FQ-PCR方法检测PA的特异性。结果显示,设计的FQ-PCR引物的靶向序列,仅对PA16SrDNA有高度同源性;FQ-PCR方法检测PA,其灵敏度达3.6pg/μL的基因组DNA或(2.1×103±3.1×102)拷贝/μL的16SrDNA基因,并且具有很强的特异性;从细菌DNA提取到FQ-PCR检测,可在2h左右完成PA鉴定。较传统的培养鉴定法而言,以16SrDNA作为FQ-PCR靶基因快速检测PA,具有很好的研究价值与应用前景。     

极端嗜盐菌 16S rDNA的PCR扩增

四株嗜盐菌Haloarcula vallismortis(EM201)、Haloferax denitrificans(EM303)、A_5和B_2已通过一对特定引物用PCR技术从总DNA中扩增出各自的16SrDNA片段,分子大小在1.47kd左右.DNA杂交也表明这些PCR产物具有嗜盐菌的同源性.