曲靖烤烟主要化学成分及其协调性空间分布

利用GIS和地统计学方法,对曲靖烟区烤烟8个主要化学指标空间分布特征进行了分析;然后采用模糊综合评价法对烤烟化学成分协调性进行综合评价;最后基于地统计学原理,借助ArcGIS9.3软件中的反距离权重插值法(IDW)绘制曲靖烤烟化学成分协调性综合评价图。结果表明,曲靖烟区烤烟8项化学指标具有中等的空间自相关性,表现为明显的各向异性分布;烤烟化学成分协调性为优的区域占研究区域总面积的1.82%,为良的区域占54.30%,为一般的区域占41.39%,为中等的区域占2.49%,为差的区域空缺。     

大沙鼠洞群空间分布格局的研究

大沙鼠洞群空间分布格局的研究ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＳＯＦＨＯＬＥＧＲＯＵＰＳＯＦＲＨＯＭＢＯＭＹＳＯＰＩＭＵＳ大沙鼠（Ｒｈｏｍｂｏｍｙｓｏｐｉｍｕｓ）是亚洲中部荒漠以及荒漠草原的典型栖居者。中亚国家和蒙古国的学者在第二次世界大战...     

广聚萤叶甲在豚草上的空间分布

广聚萤叶甲Ophraella communa LeSage是恶性入侵杂草豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia L的一种重要天敌,为了了解广聚萤叶甲卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫在豚草上的分布情况,本文对各虫态广聚萤叶甲在豚草植株上的空间分布进行了调查。调查结果表明,各虫态广聚萤叶甲在豚草上的空间分布均为聚集分布;不同受害程度豚草植株上各虫态广聚萤叶甲主要分布于上部和中部。就不同受害程度豚草植株上同一虫态广聚萤叶甲而言,卵比例随受害程度的加重逐步递减,幼虫和蛹的比例则逐步增加。由此可见,广聚萤叶甲为了确保后代能获得更充足的食物,成虫倾向于在受害程度较轻的植株上产卵。     

玉米根系分布空间和空间密度分布的数学模型

应用重积分研究了土壤层中散根型和直根型玉米根系的分布空间,同时研究了玉米根系的空间密度分布．     

GIS在野生动物空间分布格局研究中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)在绘制动物分布图、确定物种丰富度、预测动物的空间分布格局、建立物种分布数据库等方面都有极大的应用价值。本文介绍了GIS技术在野生动物空间分布格局研究中的应用,并探讨了今后GIS技术在野生动物生态学领域的应用前景。     

空间分布型的形成过程研究

具合影个研究了广义空间分布型和复合空间分布型的形成问题,解释了空间分布型的形成机理,并给出了１１种广义空间分布型和９种复事空间分布型;同时提出了空间分布型的３种判定方法：扩散系数法、空间相关法和参数变动法,它们以可用于区分常见的空间分布型,也可以用于判定分布型的形成过程;为研究空间分布型的形成机理和变化规模提供了有力的手段。以马尾松毛虫的空间分布型的研究结果表明,马尾松毛虫幼虫的空间分布型是复合负     

白桦种群空间分布格局的研究

根据在白桦种群分布区内所选择的四个代表性地区的定位观测资料,本文运用数学分析方法,采用电电子计算机进行运算,模拟,研究白桦种群的空间分布格局。结果表明：随着生境温度的逐渐降低或温度的逐渐升高,白桦种群由聚集分布过渡为随机分布;随着种群年龄的增加,种群空间分布格局表现出相同的变化规律。     

荒漠灌木梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)周围土壤微生物的空间分布

以古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠生态系统中主要优势种——梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)冠幅内外的土壤为研究对象,通过分析从树干基部向外水分和养分变化下土壤微生物生物量、多样性和群落组成的变化规律,试图揭示荒漠生态系统中土壤微生物空间分布的基本特征。微生物生物量和多样性采用磷脂脂肪酸进行测定。结果表明:从树干基部向外,土壤微生物总生物量、多样性以及不同微生物类群的生物量均随土壤水分和养分含量降低而逐渐降低,指示了土壤微生物从裸地向内集聚分布的特征。另外,在微生物群落组成中,不同类群微生物的生物量从树干基部向外的减少程度有所不同,例如,从树干基部附近5 cm处到冠外裸地200 cm处,真菌、细菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的生物量分别减少了50.25%、84.06%、82.70%、92.57%,指示了细菌从裸地向内集聚分布的程度强于真菌,革兰氏阴性菌从裸地向内集聚分布的程度也较强于革兰氏阳性菌。研究表明,在资源稀缺的荒漠生态系统中,土壤微生物倾向于分布在冠内资源丰富的区域。土壤微生物的空间分布不仅与资源的丰富度有关,而且与微生物自身对环境变化的忍耐性或敏感性有关。     

烤烟糖含量的空间变异特征

以中国烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)主产省份2005年B2F(上部二级桔黄色烤烟)、C3F(中部三级桔黄色烤烟)和X2F(下部二级桔黄色烤烟)3个等级烤烟为研究对象,利用地统计学与GIS技术结合的方法研究了中国烤烟主产省份烤烟水溶性总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比的空间分布特征。结果表明:各等级烤烟水溶性总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比空间相关性表现为近似相关,东西方向上,均呈现由西向东先降低后升高的趋势,南北方向上,水溶性总糖含量、还原糖含量趋势不明显,糖碱比各等级趋势各异。     

Spatial event cluster detection using a compound Poisson distribution

Geographic disease surveillance methods identify regions that have higher disease rates than expected. These approaches are generally applied to incident or prevalent cases of disease. In some contexts, disease-related events rather than individuals are the appropriate units of analysis for geographic surveillance. We propose a compound Poisson approach that detects event clusters by testing individual areas that may be combined with their nearest neighbors. The method is applicable to situations where the population sizes are diverse and the population distribution by important strata may differ by area. For example, a geographical region might have sparse population in the northern areas, and other areas which are predominantly retirement communities. The approach requires a coarse geographical relationship and administrative data for the numbers of population, cases, and events in each area. Pediatric self-inflicted injuries requiring presentation to Alberta emergency departments provide an illustration.     

Spatial variability of soil fertility factors in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting region, China

It is essential to understand the spatial variability of soil properties in tobacco planting regions, so that the right decision can be made as to how many fertilizer rates are likely to be appropriated for the high-quality tobacco production. A total of 159 soil samples were taken from the surface soil (0-20cm) in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting fields, Henan Province, in April 2002 to examine the concentration of soil organic matter, pH, available N, available P, and available K. The spatial variability was evaluated using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) analyses. The results show that among those five soil fertility factors, the variation coefficient of soil pH was the smallest, while that of available P was the greatest, which resulted from different cultivation methods and uneven fertilization. Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that the soil pH, organic matter, and available P semivariogram were well described with spherical models, with the distance of spatial dependence being 21020, 19150, and 8460m, respectively, whereas the available N and available K semivariogram were well described with an exponential model, with the distance of spatial dependence being ranged from 7484 to 25320 m. Soil pH value was strongly spatially dependent with C0/sill being 0.1935, while the other four soil fertility factors were moderately spatially dependent with C0/sill ranging between 0.3528 to 0.5260. Through the Kriging analysis, the spatial distribution maps of soil properties were drawn using the arcview software. This study provides a scientific basis for field management, which targets soil quality improvement in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting region.     

Spatial variability of soil fertility factors in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting region, China

It is essential to understand the spatial variability of soil properties in tobacco planting regions, so that the right decision can be made as to how many fertilizer rates are likely to be appropriated for the highquality tobacco production. A total of 159 soil samples were taken from the surface soil (0-20 cm) in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting fields, Henan Province, in April 2002 to examine the concentration of soil organic matter, pH, available N, available P, and available K. The spatial variability was evaluated using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) analyses. The results show that among those five soil fertility factors, the variation coefficient of soil pH was the smallest, while that of available P was the greatest, which resulted from different cultivation methods and uneven fertilization. Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that the soil pH, organic matter, and available P semivariogram were well described with spherical models, with the distance of spatial dependence being 21020, 19150, and 8460 m, respectively, whereas the available N and available K semivariogram were well described with an exponential model, with the distance of spatial dependence being ranged from 7484 to 25320 m. Soil pH value was strongly spatially dependent with C0/sill being 0.1935, while the other four soil fertility factors were moderately spatially dependent with C0/sill ranging between 0.3528 to 0.5260. Through the Kriging analysis, the spatial distribution maps of soil properties were drawn using the arcview software. This study provides a scientific basis for field management, which targets soil quality improvement in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting region.     

Spatial heterogeneity of available zinc, copper, and manganese in Xiangcheng tobacco planting fields, Henan province, China

Geostatistical methods were used in combina-tion with geographical information system (GIS) technol-ogy to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of available zinc, copper, and manganese in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting fields, Henan province, China. Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that the Zn semivar-iogram was well described with the Gaussian model, with the distance of spatial dependence being 900.7 m; while the Mn semivariogram was well described with spherical models, with the distance of spatial dependence being 14 060 m; and, the Cu semivariogram was well described with exponential models, with the distance of spatial dependence being 27 860.7 m. Mn and Zn were strongly spatially dependent, with the C0/sill being 0.014 and 0.147 in this given region; while Cu was moderately spatially dependent, with the C0/sill being 0.3528. With the kriging analysis, the spatial distribution maps of contents of these three trace elements in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting regions was drawn with the Arcview software. It was found that the soils with higher content of Mn were mainly distributed in the high mountains of the southern part of the given regions, while the soils with higher content of Cu were mainly distributed in the south, decreasing from the south to the north. The soil with contents of Zn in the range of 0.76-1.33 mg/kg existed in the high mountains of the west and middle parts of the investigated regions, accounting for 76.11% of the whole area.     

硫对成熟期烤烟叶绿素荧光参数的影响

通通过液培试验,研究了硫浓度(0.01-32 mmol/L)对成熟期烤烟叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,成熟期烤烟叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量随硫浓度的升高而逐渐增加,但各处理差异未达到显著水平。在2-32 mmol/L处理之间,烤烟叶片的有效量子产量（EQY）、最大量子产量（Fv/Fm）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）随硫浓度增加而降低,非光化学猝灭（NPQ）、非光化学过程中的基本量子产量（Fo/Fm）、PSⅡ水裂解端失活程度（Fo/Fv）和PSⅡ反应中心关闭程度（1-qP）随硫浓度增加而升高,2 mmol/L处理的质体醌库（Fv/2）低于4 mmol/L处理外,但其它处理的均随硫浓度升高而降低。0.01 mmol/L处理烤烟叶片的EQY、Fv/Fm和ETR低于2-8 mmol/L处理,但高于16 mmol/L和32 mmol/L处理,其NPQ、Fo/Fm、Fo/Fv和1-qP变化趋势则与之相反;0.01 mmol/L处理的Fv/2低于4 mmol/L处理的,但高于2 mmol/L及8-32 mmol/L处理;低硫处理烤烟EQY、Fv/Fm和ETR的降低可能不是由Fv/2引起的,而是由于1-qP升高引起的。但16 mmol/L和32 mmol/L处理Fv/Fm 、ETR、EQY降低可能是1-qP与 Fv/2共同作用的结果。     

湖南烟区烤烟硫含量与土壤有效硫含量的分布特点

采用野外调查、田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,分析了湖南烟区烤烟硫含量与土壤有效硫含量的分布特点及相互关系.结果表明湖南烟叶硫含量较高,平均为(0.81±0.26)%,变幅为0.34%～1.49%,有39.29%的烟叶硫含量小于0.70%;不同等级烟叶硫含量的变化规律为上橘二(B2F)＞中橘三(C3F)＞下橘二(X2F).湖南种植烤烟土壤有效硫含量较丰富且变异范围大,平均为(37.16±27.59)mg·kg-1,变幅为2.20～217.60 mg·kg-1;有22.58%的土壤在不同程度上缺硫(≤16.0 mg·kg-1),有26.08%的土壤有效硫含量偏高(＞50.0 mg·kg-1),满足优质烟叶生长发育的正常土壤占51.34%;不同土壤类型有效硫含量的变化规律为鸭屎泥＞黄泥田＞红黄泥＞青泥田＞沙泥田＞黄灰土＞黄壤土.相关分析表明,烟叶硫含量与土壤有效硫含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.469, P＜0.01).     

未来气候变化对云南烤烟种植气候适宜性的影响

云南烤烟种植的气候适宜性分布将受到气候变化的深刻影响.根据云南烤烟种植气候适宜性的3个决定因子(7月平均气温、7—8月日照时数、4—9月降水量),利用1981—2060年的气候模拟数据及1986—2005年的气象台站实测数据,分析了1986—2005年及RCP 4.5和RCP8.5气候情景下2021—2040年、2041—2060年云南烤烟种植气候适宜性分布的变化.结果表明: 未来气候情景下,云南烤烟种植气候适宜分布呈现北抬东扩的趋势,未来云南烤烟可种植区域将呈逐渐增加的趋势,且2041—2060年增幅大于2021—2040年、RCP8.5情景的增幅大于RCP4.5情景,其中,烤烟的最适宜区域、次适宜区域增幅均较大,适宜区域则变化不大.未来云南中北部烟区的昆明、曲靖、大理、楚雄、丽江最适宜区面积与可种植面积增幅较大,文山、红河、普洱、西双版纳等南部烟区最适宜区面积与可种植面积减幅较大.     

应用^45Ca示踪技术研究烤烟对钙肥的吸收及分布规律

应用放射性核素^45Ca示踪方法,以烤烟品种“K326”为材料进行盆栽试验,研究在不同施钙水平下,烤烟对钙素营养的吸收分配规律。结果表明：烟株在旺长期体内积存Ca量最高。烤烟吸收的Ca肥量随施Ca水平的提高或生育期的进程而增加,有显著的正相关性。将烟吸收的钙肥在烟株的地上部分主要分配在叶中,其次是茎,花与侧芽较少。烟叶中吸收Ca肥量占地上部分的百分数随生育期进程下降,而烟茎的却增加。烟株地上部吸收的Ca肥量占施入量的百分数随施Ca水平的提高而减少,但随生育期进程而增加。