羟基乙腈水解酶菌株的筛选及其催化特性

以羟基乙腈为唯一氮源, 从土壤中筛选到一株腈水解酶产生菌CCZU-12, 经形态观察生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定该菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。对菌株CCZU-12产腈水解酶的培养条件及催化反应条件进行优化, 最适产酶培养条件为: 碳源为10 g/L乙酸钠, 氮源为5 g/L酵母粉, 金属离子为1.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 培养温度30 °C, pH值7.0, 接种量4%, 装液量50 mL/250 mL; 最适催化反应温度35 °C, pH值7.0, 反应120 h, 羟基乙腈转化率达到98.9%。     

一株高效催化烟酸羟化反应菌株的筛选及鉴定

为开发生物法生产6-羟基烟酸,利用快速筛选方法从多个地区的土壤中筛到了一株能高效羟化烟酸为6-羟基烟酸的菌株BK-1,可以用菌体催化得到高纯度的6-羟基烟酸.通过对菌株BK-1形态观察和16S rDNA同源性分析,构建了系统发育树,BK-1菌株与Pseudomonas plecoglos-sicida形成一个类群,且有99.7%的同源性,初步判定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).     

一株丁二酸高产菌株的筛选鉴定及初步发酵研究

以牛胃内容物为菌源,利用富马酸钠为唯一碳源并加入高浓度丁二酸钠的选择培养基筛选到一株丁二酸产量较高,副产物较少的菌株。经形态学、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,该菌株为巴斯德菌科的产琥珀酸放线杆菌,与琥珀酸放线杆菌S.JST序列相似性最高为98.98%,命名为琥珀酸放线杆菌GXAS137,保藏号为M2011399。利用正交试验对发酵条件进行了初步优化,该菌可发酵55 g/L葡萄糖产38.96 g/L丁二酸,具有较好的丁二酸生产潜力。     

一株烟酸羟基化转化菌株的筛选和鉴定

从南京地区的土壤中筛选到一株高效转化烟酸为 6_羟基烟酸的菌株NA_1。形态及生理生化特征测定结果表明 ,NA_1菌株与假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas)中的恶臭假单胞菌 (P .putida)种的特征基本一致。测定了该菌株的16SrDNA序列并根据 16SrDNA构建了系统发育树 ;在系统发育树中 ,NA_1菌株与恶臭假单胞菌形成一个类群 ,序列同源性为 99%。因此将NA_1菌株鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌     

一株PET降解菌株的筛选鉴定及降解特性

本研究进行了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethyleneterephthalate,PET)降解菌株的分离、筛选和鉴定,以及降解机制的探究.用"分级筛选"策略,先利用塑料类似物对苯二酸二甲酯(diethyl terephthalate,DET)进行富集培养,在以PET颗粒为唯一营养源的无机盐固体培养基上进行涂布,从垃圾填埋场PET塑料样品中筛选获得具有降解PET颗粒能力的菌株JWG-G2.通过菌株形态观察、生理生化特性及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株属于微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.).菌株JWG-G2在pH 7.0、30℃时生长状态最佳.经菌株JWG-G2处理后,PET颗粒表面酯键特征官能团明显减少;PET颗粒失重率达到1％.菌株JWG-G2能够显著降解PET中间体对苯二酸单羟乙酯钠盐(monohydroxyethyl terephthalate,MHET)和对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯(bishydro-xyethyl terephthalate,BHET)多聚体,其降解率分别为4.5％和11.2％.菌株JWG-G2具有较好的PET颗粒及其中间体降解作用,为降解机制的深入研究提供一定理论基础.     

一株产胆固醇氧化酶的不动杆菌的筛选鉴定及特性研究

目的：筛选鉴定产胆固醇氧化酶的菌株并对其酶的性质及发酵条件进行初步的研究。方法：利用唯一碳源的胆固醇平板筛选,酶活测定比较得酶活力最高的菌株;生理生化试验结合16S rDNA序列分析鉴定其种属,单因素及正交实验优化培养基及发酵条件。结果：所得菌株H4与产不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）有最近的亲缘关系,其胆固醇氧化酶作用的最适温度和pH分别为37℃和8.0,金属离子Mg2＋、Zn2＋、Fe2＋对该酶具有一定激活作用,菌株产酶的最适培养基为（g/L）：胆固醇1.5,蔗糖5,蛋白胨7,硝酸铵3,吐温1.0,pH7.5;最适培养条件为33℃,15mL培养基/100mL三角瓶,摇床培养（200r/min）48h,优化后发酵液酶活达135.8U/L。结论：获得了1株产胆固醇氧化酶的菌株H4,并初步鉴定为不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）。     

一株耐铀菌株的鉴定及其促生特性研究

从退役铀矿区土壤中筛选获得耐铀促生菌株,为铀污染土壤的微生物-植物联合修复技术提供优良菌种资源,以解决退役铀矿区污染治理问题。梯度稀释某退役铀矿区污染土壤,涂布含铀培养基,分离筛选出一株具有耐铀性能菌株B2。通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S rDNA序列比较分析,对其进行初步鉴定。采用分光光度法测定菌株在铀胁迫下的生长曲线和培养基铀含量,分析其耐铀能力和铀吸附或吸收能力。通过平板法测定其固氮、解磷、产纤维素酶、合成铁载体能力。用Salkowski比色法测定其产吲哚乙酸（3-indole acetic acid, IAA）能力及产量。通过种子萌发和盆栽实验,验证该菌株的促生能力。综合形态观察结果、生理生化特征和基于16S rDNA序列的进化分析,确定菌株B2为微枝形杆菌属细菌（Microvirga makkahensis sp.）,在铀浓度为0-400 mg/L时,其生长曲线符合S型生长曲线模型,当铀浓度达到600 mg/L后生长受抑制,其对培养基中的铀无吸附或吸收作用。菌株B2具有固氮、解磷、产纤维素酶、合成铁载体和产IAA的促生特性,培养48 h后IAA产量可达到24.39μg/...     

一株产碱性蛋白酶菌株的筛选鉴定及酶学特性研究

【目的】从丝茅草中筛选得到产蛋白酶菌株并研究驯化过程中微生物群落结构,以及探究该菌株的生长特性和蛋白酶的酶学特性。【方法】通过高通量测序探究来源于丝茅草的菌株在不同培养条件下细菌种类及丰度,通过选择性培养基来筛选能够分解酪素并产生蛋白酶的菌株,通过单因素试验方法确定环境因子对菌株生长和蛋白酶活性的影响。【结果】微生物群落结构在基础培养基和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中不同。通过含酪素的选择性培养基里筛选到1株产蛋白酶菌株H-16,经生理生化试验和16S r DNA鉴定知该菌株属于Escherichia marmotae,菌株H-16能产生分子量为70 k Da左右的单亚基蛋白酶。胰蛋白胨、蔗糖、30°C或35°C、p H 7分别为菌株生长的最适氮源、碳源、温度和p H。菌株H-16分泌的蛋白酶最适p H为6–8,在50°C及6%盐度以下酶活性几乎不受影响。此外,Cu(II)和Ag(I)等金属离子能够抑制蛋白酶的活性。【结论】该菌株H-16为嗜中温菌株,能够产生碱性蛋白酶。     

一株高效解磷真菌新菌株的筛选鉴定及解磷特性

从辽宁省辽中县多年耕种的日光温室番茄根际土壤中筛选出一株解磷真菌,通过菌落形态特征和ITS rDNA序列对比,鉴定该菌株为草酸青霉菌的一株新菌株,将其命名为PSF1.该菌株能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖、可溶性淀粉等多种碳源和硫酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、尿素等多种氮源进行生长代谢并表现出较强的解磷能力,在C/N 10∶1~60∶1、初始pH 7~8的条件下生长情况较好且解磷能力较高.该菌株有很强的产酸能力,在培养过程中培养液pH由7.00~7.50下降至2.06~4.87;在4种磷源培养液中的最高解磷量分别为磷酸三钙(869.62 mg·L^-1)>磷矿粉(233.56 mg·L^-1)>磷酸铝(44.77 mg·L^-1)>磷酸铁(28.42 mg·L^-1).Pearson相关分析表明,菌株在磷酸三钙、磷矿粉和磷酸铁培养液中的解磷量与pH的变化之间呈极显著负相关关系,在磷酸铝培养液中无显著相关关系.菌株PSF1解磷能力强,生长条件广,推测其在土壤中有较强的解磷能力.     

Acid Soluble Peptides in Rat Skeletal Muscle

The acid soluble peptide fraction was prepared from rat skeletal muscle, and the amino acid composition of the fraction was analyzed. The peptide fraction was rich in glutamic acid (or glutamine) and glycine and was poor in branched chain or aromatic amino acids. Since the peptide fraction contained N^τ-methylhistidine, the fraction or at least a part of it was presumed to be composed of intermediate peptides of protein degradation in skeletal muscle. At least 31 spots were detected in the fraction by one dimensional paper electrophoresis.     

Purification of aqueous ethylene glycol

Reagent-grade ethylene glycol has been shown to contain substantial amounts of aldehydes, peroxides, iron, and uv-absorbing hydrocarbons. These impurities can be removed by reduction with sodium borohydride, dilution with H2O, passing through a train of four columns, and filtering through a 0.45-micron filter. The product is stable for at least several months and perhaps much longer; storage under nitrogen in acid-washed dark bottles is preferable. Ten liters of 25% (v/v) aqueous ethylene glycol can easily be purified in about 1 week using equipment commonly available in a biochemical laboratory. This purification is also applicable to aqueous glycerol.     

The interaction of phospholipid membranes with poly(ethylene glycol). Vesicle aggregation and lipid exchange

(1) The water soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol), causes aggregation of sonicated vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in a manner consistent with a steric exclusion mechanism. (2) Poly(ethylene glycol) promotes the exchange of lipids between multilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine when the lipids are in the liquid-crystalline state. (3) ³¹P-NMR studies demonstrate that the bilayer configuration of smectic mesophases of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is substantially maintained in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol).     

Determination of low levels of poly(ethylene glycol) 400 in plasma and urine by capillary gas chromatography-selected ion-monitoring mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction

A convenient and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of poly(ethylene glycol) 400 in plasma and urine with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. The sample preparation involves solid-phase extraction with subsequent derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, which proved to give the most stable derivative. The derivatization procedure was optimized using experimental design, and different solid-phase extraction columns were evaluated. The limit of quantitation was 1 μmol/l (0.4 μg/ml) for both plasma and urine.     

Molecular dynamics of sialic acid analogues complex with cholera toxin and DFT optimization of ethylene glycol-mediated zinc nanocluster conjugation

Cholera is an infectious disease caused by cholera toxin (CT) protein of bacterium Vibrio cholerae. A sequence of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, NeuNAc or Neu5Ac) analogues modified in its C-5 position is modelled using molecular modelling techniques and docked against the CT followed by molecular dynamics simulations. Docking results suggest better binding affinity of NeuNAc analogue towards the binding site of CT. The NeuNAc analogues interact with the active site residues GLU:11, TYR:12, HIS:13, GLY:33, LYS:34, GLU:51, GLN:56, HIE:57, ILE:58, GLN:61, TRP:88, ASN:90 and LYS:91 through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Analogues N-glycolyl-NeuNAc, N-Pentanoyl-NeuNAc and N-Propanoyl-NeuNAc show the least XPGscore (docking score) of ?9.90, ?9.16, and ?8.91, respectively, and glide energy of ?45.99, ?42.14 and ?41.66 kcal/mol, respectively. Stable nature of CT-N-glycolyl-NeuNAc, CT-N-Pentanoyl-NeuNAc and CT-N-Propanoyl-NeuNAc complexes was verified through molecular dynamics simulations, each for 40 ns using the software Desmond. All the nine NeuNAc analogues show better score for drug-like properties, so could be considered as suitable candidates for drug development for cholera infection. To improve the enhanced binding mode of NeuNAc analogues towards CT, the nine NeuNAc analogues are conjugated with Zn nanoclusters through ethylene glycol (EG) as carriers. The NeuNAc analogues conjugated with EG-Zn nanoclusters show better binding energy towards CT than the unconjugated nine NeuNAc analogues. The electronic structural optimization of EG-Zn nanoclusters was carried out for optimizing their performance as better delivery vehicles for NeuNAc analogues through density functional theory calculations. These sialic acid analogues may be considered as novel leads for the design of drug against cholera and the EG-Zn nanocluster may be a suitable carrier for sialic acid analogues.     

Isolation and characterization of bacterial strains with the ability to utilize high concentrations of levulinic acid,a platform chemical from inedible biomass

Nineteen levulinic acid (LA)-utilizing bacteria were isolated from environmental samples. Following examination of the use of 80 g/L LA by some isolated strains, Brevibacterium epidermidis LA39–2 consumed 62.6 g/L LA following 8 days incubation. The strain also utilized both 90 and 100 g/L LA, with consumption ratio of 84.3 and 53.3%, respectively, after 10 days incubation.     

Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis after short-term heat treatment in etiolated pea stems

Incubation of plant tissues at a constant elevated temperature greatly inhibits both basal and wound ethylene production. However, recovery from heat treatment is relatively rapid and is followed by stimulated ethylene production. The present investigation examines the kinetics of ethylene production after short-term heal treatment and the regulation of heat-altered ethylene production. Subapical stem segments of 7-day-old etiolated pea L. cv. Alaska) seedlings were analyzed for ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidation, and ACC and l-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (MACC) content after a 2-min 40°C heat pulse. The short-term heat pulse transiently inhibited ethylene production and ACC oxidation accompanied by a slight ACC accumulation within a 30-min time period. Conjugation to MACC did not appear to play an integral role in heat-regulated ethylene production. It was concluded that the major factor affecting ethylene production after heat treatment is the temporary inactivation of ACC oxidation. The possible roles of ACC synthase, ACC oxidase and lipoxygenase in regulating ethylene production after heat treatment are discussed.