2个慈竹bZIP基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及其诱导表达

从慈竹笋转录组数据库中筛选并克隆出2个bZIP基因（BebZIP2和BebZIP6）进行生物信息学分析。分析结果表明,它们编码序列长度分别为504和720 bp,编码167个和239个氨基酸,BebZIP2和BebZIP6属于bZIP相关蛋白,与水稻OsbZIP52/RISBZ5蛋白聚在一枝。组织表达分析表明,这2个慈竹BebZIP基因在慈竹笋、茎、展开叶和未展开叶等部位均有表达,属于组成型表达,同一基因在不同组织中的表达量差异较大,表达量的大小为未展开叶 > 展开叶 > 茎 > 笋。对慈竹幼苗进行ABA、NaCl和PEG6000非生物胁迫处理,结果表明,BebZIP2和BebZIP6对盐、干旱和ABA胁迫均具有不同程度的响应。     

紫花苜蓿逆境响应转录因子MsNAC3基因克隆及表达分析

该研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆了1个紫花苜蓿NAC类转录因子新基因,命名为MsNAC3(GenBank登录号为KC491186)。多重比对发现,MsNAC3蛋白与蒺藜苜蓿MtNAC和鹰嘴豆CarNAC5蛋白的同源性较高,其N端含有典型的NAC保守结构域,C端高度变异;进化树聚类分析表明,MsNAC3与紫花苜蓿MsNAC2和油菜BnNAC3亲缘关系较近,属于NAC蛋白的ATAF亚家族。洋葱亚细胞定位分析表明,MsNAC3定位于细胞核。转录水平表达分析表明,MsNAC3受盐、干旱、ABA和冷害胁迫诱导而显著升高,并且MsNAC3在根中的表达量要明显高于叶中。研究表明,MsNAC3基因可能作为一个正向调控因子在逆境胁迫信号转导过程中发挥重要作用。     

2个慈竹NAC转录因子的克隆与组织表达分析

以慈竹转录组数据为基础,结合毛竹基因组数据,采用同源克隆技术从慈竹中克隆到两个NAC基因Be NAC1(Gen Bank注册号:KU550706)和Be NAC2(Gen Bank注册号:KU821586),分别编码313和389个氨基酸残基。蛋白功能域预测和保守结构域多重对比分析表明,Be NAC1和Be NAC2基因均含有NAM保守域,其模拟的蛋白质三维结构与已知晶体结构的水稻模型蛋白高度相似。亚细胞定位预测分析显示,Be NAC1主要集中在细胞质中;Be NAC2则主要集中在细胞核中。表达分析表明,Be NAC1和Be NAC2具有相似的组织特异性表达,在茎中表达量均明显高于笋和叶片,且Be NAC1在除笋之外各组织中的表达量均显著高于Be NAC2。     

巴西橡胶树HbNAC24基因克隆和表达分析

该研究以巴西橡胶树为实验材料,从橡胶树胶乳cDNA中克隆了NAC转录因子基因(HbNAC24)完整开放阅读框(ORF),并通过酵母实验和实时荧光定量PCR技术,进行转录激活活性分析和表达分析。结果显示:(1)HbNAC24基因ORF为1 167bp,编码388个氨基酸,在N端第7~174氨基酸之间含有一个典型的NAC结构域。(2)酵母实验表明,HbNAC24具有转录激活活性,转录激活区在高度变异C端,具备了NAC转录因子的基本特征。(3)序列比对和系统进化分析表明,HbNAC24蛋白属于NAC转录因子家族中的TIP亚族。(4)实时荧光定量PCR分析结果发现,HbNAC24基因在叶中的表达量显著高于其他部位;割胶和茉莉酸(JA)处理均能够诱导HbNAC24表达上调。研究认为,HbNAC24基因可能参与植物的生长发育和胁迫应答过程。     

大豆GmABI4基因克隆及表达分析

该研究基于大豆基因组数据库,根据拟南芥ABI4蛋白的氨基酸序列,经比对分析,获得了大豆中的2个GmABI4基因,分别命名为GmABI4-1(GenBank登录号为XM_014766551.1)和GmABI4-2(GenBank登录号为NM_001249003)。TMHMM软件和系统进化转录分析表明,这2个基因编码的蛋白均不具有信号肽,二级结构主要以无规则卷曲和延伸链为主;进化树分析表明,大豆GmABI4和野生大豆亲缘关系较近。荧光定量PCR分析表明,GmABI4-1与GmABI4-2基因在大豆种子与豆荚中的表达量均高于根、茎、叶、花等其他组织,推测可能与调控大豆种子生命活动相关。     

棉花Trihelix转录因子GhGT29基因的克隆及功能分析

Trihelix转录因子在植物抵御各种逆境胁迫中扮演重要作用,克隆棉花Trihelix转录因子基因并分析其表达特性和功能,为最终利用转基因手段改良棉花抗逆性奠定基础。本文依据生物信息学分析,采用RT-PCR方法从陆地棉中克隆了一个Trihelix转录因子基因,命名为GhGT29(GenBank登录号：JQ013097)。该基因最大开放阅读框(ORF)为1092 bp,编码363个氨基酸,预测分子量为40.9 kDa,等电点为5.45。SMART蛋白结构预测发现,该蛋白含有1个Trihelix家族典型的SANT结构域。系统进化树分析表明,GhGT29属于Trihelix转录因子SH4亚家族,与拟南芥AtSH4-like1、AtSH4-like2亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,GhGT29受高盐、干旱、低温胁迫和ABA诱导表达;GhGT29在陆地棉的根、茎、叶、花、开花后当天胚珠以及开花后12 d(12 DPA)纤维中均有表达,其中在花中表达量最高,在茎中表达量最低。利用拟南芥原生质体系统进行分析,结果显示GhGT29主要定位于细胞核中,并且具有转录激活活性。以上结果表明GhGT29基因可能参与棉花逆境信号通路中对抗逆功能基因表达的调控。     

苹果DREB转录因子家族全基因组鉴定与分析

DREB转录因子属于AP2/ERF转录因子家族,能够与DRE/CRT顺式作用元件特异性结合,调控与逆境应答基因的表达,因而在植物应对低温、干旱、高盐等逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。该研究利用苹果全基因组数据,通过生物信息学手段鉴定苹果DREB转录因子家族成员,并分析DREB转录因子家族保守域特点与功能及表达情况。结果表明:从苹果全基因组中共鉴定出60个DREB转录因子家族成员,与拟南芥和水稻相比基本一致,通过引入拟南芥DREB基因进行系统发生分析,进一步可以将其细分为6个亚组;结构域和保守元件分析表明,DREB基因家族含有一个AP2保守结构域;染色体定位表明,苹果DREB基因分布于11条染色体上,部分基因存在串联复制现象;基因结构分析显示,该亚家族基因不含内含子。利用同源拟南芥RNA-Seq数据分析结果表明,DREB转录因子家族对低温、ABA调节等非生物胁迫具有调控作用,同时在DREB亚家族中每个亚组响应不同的非生物胁迫;通过分析DREB基因在不同组织中的表达情况,结果显示DREB基因在植物根部中的表达量最强,其次是叶。     

茶树中2个NAC转录因子基因的克隆及温度胁迫的响应

利用茶树转录组数据库,检索得到2个NAC家族转录因子基因CsNAC1和CsNAC2。通过RT-PCR方法,将其从茶树‘迎霜’中分离克隆,利用荧光定量PCR方法,对CsNAC1和CsNAC2基因在‘迎霜’和‘安吉白茶’2个茶树品种不同组织以及温度胁迫处理下的表达进行分析,以探讨NAC家族转录因子在温度胁迫下的响应特征。结果表明:(1)CsNAC1和CsNAC2基因开放阅读框长度分别为1 044和1 047bp,分别编码347个和348个氨基酸;蛋白功能域预测和多重对比显示,CsNAC1和CsNAC2蛋白N端均含有典型NAC家族成员所具有的NAM保守结构域。(2)进化分析表明,CsNAC1和CsNAC2分别属于NAC家族的NAP和AtNAC3亚家族。(3)三维分子模型建模显示,CsNAC1和CsNAC2蛋白分别含有3个和2个α-螺旋,6个和7个β-折叠。(4)荧光定量PCR结果显示,CsNAC1在2个茶树品种中具有较相似的组织特异性,均在茶树成熟叶中表达量最高;CsNAC2则分别在‘安吉白茶’的幼叶中,‘迎霜’的根中表达量最高;高温(38℃)和低温(4℃)处理下,CsNAC1和CsNAC2基因的表达均受不同温度胁迫影响,不同茶树品种、不同时间段的表达存在差异。     

紫花苜蓿NAC转录因子MsNAC1基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及非生物逆境胁迫下的表达分析

NAC转录因子是高等植物所特有的具有多种生物功能的转录因子,在植物生长发育、抵抗逆境和激素调节等过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究利用RACE-PCR技术,克隆获得了紫花苜蓿NAC转录因子Ms NAC1(Gen Bank登录号为JN099384.1)基因的c DNA序列。生物信息学分析显示,Ms NAC1基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为993 bp,编码一个由330个氨基酸残基组成的亲水性蛋白,N-端具有保守的NAM结构域,C-端高度变异,具备NAC转录因子的基本特征;Ms NAC1蛋白被定位在细胞核中,含有2条核定位信号序列,具有9个糖基化位点和23个磷酸化位点,三级结构为对称的同型二聚体。多重比对发现,Ms NAC1蛋白与拟南芥ATAF1和水稻Os NAC6蛋白的同源性较高;系统进化分析表明,Ms NAC1蛋白属于NAC转录因子家族中的ATAF亚族,与ATAF1的亲缘关系最近。非生物逆境胁迫下的表达分析显示,Ms NAC1基因在高盐、干旱和低温胁迫下表达量均呈现先上调后下调的趋势,不同处理时间的差异达到极显著水平,并且根中的表达量上调幅度高于叶片,说明该基因可能参与调控非生物逆境胁迫的生理响应。     

普通小麦TaNAC1基因的表达及在拟南芥中的遗传转化

NAC类转录因子是植物特有的转录因子家族,在调节植物生长发育及逆境胁迫应答反应中起着重要作用。本文从普通小麦幼叶中获得了一个编码NAC结构域的转录因子基因,命名为Ta NAC1;氨基酸序列分析表明,Ta NAC1具有典型的NAC类转录因子所具有的五个亚结构域,隶属于NAC类转录因子的ATAF亚类;亚细胞定位实验表明,Ta NAC1蛋白在细胞核内表达;转录水平上,Ta NAC1基因的表达受到PEG、ABA、低温及高盐等非生物胁迫条件的诱导;将Ta NAC1转化拟南芥后,与野生型比较发现,Ta NAC1基因的过量表达会使转基因植株出现叶片发育畸形且生长缓慢,植株矮化及茎部融合等表型,表明Ta NAC1基因可能在参与小麦叶片及茎的发育中起着重要的调控作用。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.