香鳞毛蕨DfDREB基因克隆与表达模式分析

DREB(dehydration-responsive element-binding)转录因子是响应非生物胁迫反应的主要调节因子,为探索DREB在多年生草本药用植物香鳞毛蕨[Dryopteris fragrans(L.) Schott]抗逆过程中的功能,该研究克隆了DfDREB基因并进行生物信息学分析,采用qRT-PCR方法分析了DfDREB基因在不同激素及干旱、NaCl、高温和低温等逆境胁迫处理下的表达模式。结果表明:(1)成功获得DfDREB基因全长1 203 bp,其编码401个氨基酸,相对分子质量为43.66 kD,等电点为6.13,是亲水性非分泌蛋白,该蛋白具有AP2保守结构域,属于AP2家族。(2)实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,DfDREB基因在香鳞毛蕨根、叶柄和叶中均有表达,其中在叶中表达量最高,根中表达量最低;在水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和乙烯利(ETH)处理时,DfDREB基因表达上调,并都在1 h时表达量达到峰值;在脱落酸(ABA)处理时,DfDREB基因的相对表达量仅在12 h和24 h时呈上调表达,其余时间为下调表达;在干旱、NaCl和高温处理时,DfDREB基因表达均上调;低温处理0.5 h和12 h时DfDREB基因表达显著上调,但在低温处理1～6 h和24 h时无明显变化。研究表明,DfDREB基因响应激素和非生物胁迫处理,且基因表达受胁迫诱导。该研究结果为进一步探索香鳞毛蕨抗逆分子机制奠定了基础。     

香蕉钙调蛋白基因MaCAM在非生物胁迫下的表达分析

为研究香蕉钙调蛋白基因MaCAM的功能,对香蕉幼苗进行盐、低温和干旱胁迫处理,利用荧光定量PCR技术分析香蕉根中钙调蛋白基因MaCAM在上述不同非生物胁迫条件下的表达特性.盐胁迫处理后MaCAM表达随时间延长为先增加后降低趋势,在处理4 h时表达量最高;低温胁迫处理后,MaCAM的表达量随温度降低呈梯度增加,在温度降至5℃时表达量在处理范围内达最大值;干旱胁迫处理后,MaCAM的表达量随胁迫程度增加也是呈梯度增加,重度干旱胁迫时在处理范围内表达量最高.说明香蕉中的钙调蛋白基因具有响应非生物胁迫的能力,可能在香蕉适应盐、低温和干旱等胁迫逆境中发挥重要作用,参与了香蕉幼苗抗逆性调控.     

辣椒CaWRKY8基因克隆及胁迫下的表达分析

为了揭示辣椒WRKY基因功能,以辣椒PI201234为实验材料,克隆得到WRKY基因全长1 647bp的cDNA序列,命名为CaWRKY8。生物信息学分析表明,该基因含有一个1 647bp完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码548个氨基酸残基。氨基酸序列分析显示,CaWRKY8编码的蛋白含有2个WRKY结构域,属于Group I。氨基酸序列比对结果表明,CaWRKY8与辣椒WRKY25、马铃薯WRKY、番茄基因组中预测的WRKY26、烟草基因组中预测的WRKY33和猕猴桃WRKY的氨基酸序列之间均具有高度的保守性。实时荧光定量分析表明,CaWRKY8受盐、高温、干旱和辣椒疫霉菌诱导表达;其中CaWRKY8的表达量在盐和干旱处理下3h达到峰值,分别是对照的2.38倍和121.10倍,在高温和疫霉菌处理下12h达到峰值,分别是对照的6.12和6.81倍。以上研究结果表明,CaWRKY8基因在辣椒响应胁迫进程中发挥着重要作用。     

菘蓝IiLEA基因的克隆及胁迫表达分析

胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(LEA蛋白),是指胚胎发育后期种子中大量积累的一系列蛋白质,大量研究表明这些蛋白质的积累与渗透胁迫耐受性密切相关.该实验以250 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理9 h的菘蓝幼苗为材料,经RT-PCR方法扩增得到LEA基因,命名为IiLEA.经测序确认该基因含有648 bp的开放阅读框,编码由215个氨基酸组成的亲水性蛋白质.对培养30 d的菘蓝无菌幼苗进行自然干旱处理和盐胁迫处理,Northern杂交结果显示,正常生长条件下,IiLEA基因在菘蓝幼苗体内不表达,随着胁迫时间的延长其表达量逐渐增加,到9 h时表达量达到峰值,干旱处理和盐处理有相似结果,表明该基因可能受逆境胁迫诱导表达.     

藜麦CqSAP8基因克隆及其在非生物胁迫下的表达分析

该研究根据NCBI公布的藜麦胁迫相关蛋白(SAP)基因CqSAP8序列进行克隆,利用生物信息学分析CqSAP8蛋白序列、理化性质和结构特点,并采用qRT PCR方法检测CqSAP8基因表达的组织特异性及在非生物胁迫下的相对表达。结果表明：(1)藜麦CqSAP8基因CDS全长528 bp,编码175个氨基酸;预测CqSAP8蛋白分子量为18.73 kD,理论等电点为7.46,属于稳定的亲水性蛋白质;CqSAP8蛋白在N端和C端分别含有A20和AN1保守域,是SAP蛋白最典型的类型。(2)序列比对与进化分析显示,藜麦CqSAP8与甜菜BvSAP8、菠菜SoSAP8亲缘关系最近,序列相似性分别为89.66%和89.47%。(3)qRT PCR分析表明,藜麦CqSAP8基因在根、茎、叶、花和种子中均有表达,且在种子中表达量最高;CqSAP8基因在干旱和高温胁迫12 h表达量达到最大值,分别是对照的13.09和17.47倍,高盐和低温胁迫下的最大表达量均为对照的3.91倍,说明藜麦CqSAP8基因响应多种非生物胁迫应答;另外,藜麦CqSAP8的表达量在ABA胁迫下24 h急剧升高,推测CqSAP8基因在非生物胁迫前期的响应不依赖ABA。该研究为进一步研究CqSAP8基因功能及抗逆分子机制奠定了基础。     

陆地棉干旱胁迫相关基因GhPR-10的克隆及表达分析

病程相关蛋白(pathogenesis-related proteins,PR)的产生与积累是植物体应对生物或非生物胁迫的主要特征之一,而病程相关蛋白10(PR-10)是这类蛋白家族中的重要成员。该研究在前期蛋白质组学分析的基础上,采用同源克隆法和RACE技术相结合,设计了一对引物,克隆了陆地棉"KK1543"干旱胁迫下差异表达的Gh PR-10。Gh PR-10基因具有一个432 bp的开放阅读框,编码144个氨基酸,预测分子量约为15.6 k D,等电点为4.90。氨基酸序列比对和同源性分析显示Gh PR-10蛋白与其他植物中的PR-10蛋白有较高的一致性,说明该基因在进化过程中是相当保守的。系统进化树分析显示,陆地棉Gh PR-10与海岛棉、雷蒙德氏棉中蛋白的亲缘关系最近。为了研究不同胁迫条件和不同组织器官该基因的表达情况,采用荧光定量PCR技术,研究表明在15%PEG胁迫下,Gh PR-10在根中同时期的表达量大部分都比在茎和叶同时期的表达量要高;Gh PR-10的表达量在3种胁迫下变化趋势整体相似,且都呈现上调表达,干旱和盐胁迫下该基因的表达量在24 h达到最高,4℃低温胁迫下该基因在12 h达到最高。上述实验表明,Gh PR-10基因可能参与棉花防御逆境胁迫机制,为进一步研究Gh PR-10基因功能奠定了一定的基础。     

紫花苜蓿F-box蛋白基因MsFTL的克隆及功能分析

FTL(F-box Triple LRR protein)是F-box蛋白家族的成员,具有F-box保守结构域,在植物抵御逆境胁迫过程中起重要作用。本研究参考低温胁迫下紫花苜蓿转录组数据设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆获得紫花苜蓿MsFTL基因,该基因的全长1422 bp,编码473个氨基酸。该蛋白含有1个F-box结构域及3个LRR重复。系统进化分析表明,MsFTL与蒺藜苜蓿XP_003626345.1 F-box/FBD/LRR-repeat protein亲缘关系最近。两者蛋白序列比对发现共有11个差异位点。在低温、盐、干旱以及外源ABA处理下,MsFTL基因受到诱导,表达量上调。构建植物过表达载体pCBM-MsFTL,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草。对经过抗性筛选、PCR和Real-time PCR验证的转基因植株进行低温抗性鉴定。在-4℃低温胁迫下,野生型烟草叶片出现了明显的萎蔫失水现象,而转基因烟草萎蔫程度相对较轻。生理检测结果表明,4℃处理24 h之后,转基因烟草的可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性,CAT活性高于野生型,MDA含量低于野生型。本研究表明,MsFTL基因在提高植物对低温胁迫的抗性方面具有重要的作用。     

香蕉MaTPS1基因序列及其表达特性分析

通过随机克隆测序法,从香蕉根系cDNA文库中获得海藻糖合成酶基因,命名为MaTPS1。MaTPS1扩增获得cDNA序列,全长3 946bp,开放阅读框2 562bp,编码853个氨基酸。生物学信息分析表明,MaTPS1蛋白属于不稳定蛋白,等电点4.72,具有TPS和TPP结构域。序列预测分析表明,MaTPS1蛋白定位于细胞质中,不存在信号肽,为跨膜疏水蛋白。与已知植物TPS氨基酸同源序列比对结果显示,一致性达74.81%,其中与2种马来西亚野生蕉、玉米、野茶树、中果咖啡的TPS编码氨基酸序列一致性分别为100%、79.91%、71.33%、63.93%和65.13%。器官特异性分析表明,MaTPS1在香蕉的根、球茎、假茎、叶、花和果实中都有表达,其中在根、球茎、假茎和花中表达量较高。qRT-PCR分析表明,ABA、ACC、干旱、低温、盐害和枯萎病胁迫处理后,MaTPS1表达量在盐胁下增加,于24h时达到最高,而在其他胁迫下较正常条件下降低。研究认为,MaTPS1可能参与调控香蕉抗盐胁迫机制,从而提高香蕉耐盐性。     

牵牛胁迫应答基因PnLOG2的克隆及功能验证

RING型E3泛素连接酶在植物应答非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要功能。该研究从圆叶牵牛中克隆出RING型E3泛素连接酶基因PnLOG2,该基因序列号为XM_019321049.1。利用ORF Finder预测PnLOG2基因编码开放阅读框长度为912 bp (51~992 bp),编码313个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量34.38 kD,理论等电点为5.14。系统发育分析表明,PnLOG2基因与番茄亲缘关系最近。组织特异性分析表明,PnLOG2基因在牵牛不同组织均有表达,在老茎和新叶中表达量较高。qRT PCR分析结果表明,PnLOG2基因在圆叶牵牛根和叶中受干旱、盐碱胁迫诱导显著上调表达。通过异源表达PnLOG2基因于酵母细胞中,发现干旱、盐碱胁迫下PnLOG2基因提高了重组酵母的耐盐和耐旱能力,但降低了对碱的耐受性。该研究初步阐明了PnLOG2基因在干旱、盐碱胁迫下的功能,为进一步研究RING型E3泛素连接酶在非生物胁迫中的机理提供了理论依据。     

逆境诱导水稻谷胱甘肽合成酶基因的表达研究

用RACE方法获得了全长的水稻谷胱甘肽合成酶(GS)基因的cDNA,并命名为OsGS(GeneBankaccession No.:AY453405)。该cDNA全长1 892 bp,编码一个由540个氨基酸组成的多肽,预测其氨基端(N端)含有一段定位叶绿体的信号肽。比较水稻基因组定位结果表明OsGS基因位于水稻12号染色体短臂上,转录区全长6 321 bp,由12个外显子和11个内含子组成。通过RT-PCR对OsGS在水稻正常生长条件和逆境条件下的表达进行了研究。结果表明,在正常生长条件下,OsGS在水稻幼苗的根和叶以及抽穗期水稻的根中表达;但不在抽穗期水稻的叶、茎和幼穗中表达,这显示OsGS在水稻中的表达具有发育和组织特异性。利用抽穗期水稻的叶片为材料,经高温、干旱和重金属逆境处理后,OsGS在抽穗期叶片中的转录被诱导表达;而在盐、低温、伤害逆境下则不被诱导。在轻度和中度干旱胁迫4 h后OsGS基因可被诱导表达。外源ABA处理也能够提高OsGS的转录水平,这显示OsGS可能是依赖ABA信号途径的环境胁迫诱导基因。     

沙鞭PvDREB基因克隆与表达特异性分析

基于沙鞭的三代转录组数据,该研究利用PCR技术克隆DREB基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该基因的表达模式以及在20%PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理下的表达特征,以探讨干旱胁迫下沙鞭DREB转录因子的功能和作用,为揭示PvDREB基因响应沙鞭的耐旱分子机制奠定基础。结果表明：(1)成功克隆获得一个沙鞭DREB基因,命名为PvDREB;PvDREB基因编码区长度831 bp、编码276个氨基酸,含有典型的AP2转录因子保守结构域;PvDREB蛋白是亲水性蛋白,不具有信号肽结构,存在跨膜结构和可能的糖基化及磷酸化位点。(2)系统进化分析显示,PvDREB基因与毛竹的DREB亲缘关系较近。(3)亚细胞定位预测表明,PvDREB蛋白定位于线粒体和细胞核中。(4)qRT-PCR显示,沙鞭根、茎和叶中PvDREB均可诱导表达但差异较大,且在茎中表达量最高,叶中次之,根中最低,具有明显的组织特异性;20%PEG-6000模拟干旱下,PvDREB基因在叶中的表达量随干旱胁迫时间增加而增加,12 h时达到最高,之后逐渐下降。研究推测,沙鞭PvDREB基因受干旱胁迫诱导表达,且...     

An integrative proteome analysis of different seedling organs in tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars under drought stress and recovery

Roots, leaves, and intermediate sections between roots and leaves (ISRL) of wheat seedlings show different physiological functions at the protein level. We performed the first integrative proteomic analysis of different tissues of the drought‐tolerant wheat cultivar Hanxuan 10 (HX‐10) and drought‐sensitive cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) during a simulated drought and recovery. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the roots (122), ISRLs (146), and leaves (163) showed significant changes in expression in response to drought stress and recovery. Numerous DEPs associated with cell defense and detoxifications were significantly regulated in roots and ISRLs, while in leaves, DEPs related to photosynthesis showed significant changes in expression. A significantly larger number of DEPs related to stress defense were upregulated in HX‐10 than in CS. Expression of six HSPs potentially related to drought tolerance was significantly upregulated under drought conditions, and these proteins were involved in a complex protein–protein interaction network. Further phosphorylation analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of HSP60, HSP90, and HOP were upregulated in HX‐10 under drought stress. We present an overview of metabolic pathways in wheat seedlings based on abscisic acid signaling and important protein expression patterns.     

蓖麻RcbZIP11基因克隆及表达特性研究

为探究蓖麻bZIP(basic leucine zipper)基因在响应非生物胁迫应答过程中的作用,研究基于蓖麻转录组数据,克隆到1条在低温胁迫下显著上调表达的bZIP基因,并将其命名为RcbZIP11(GenBank No. OQ506490)。RcbZIP11基因的编码区序列全长492 bp,其推导163个氨基酸,预测是1个亲水性蛋白质,具有保守的bZIP＿plant＿GBF1结构域。蛋白质的多序列对比显示,RcbZIP11蛋白质在进化过程中相对保守,进化树分析显示RcbZIP11与麻风树JcbZIP11蛋白质亲缘关系最近。亚细胞定位显示RcbZIP11蛋白质定位于细胞核,并成功克隆出RcbZIP11启动子序列,预测结果显示,该区域拥有光响应元件、逆境响应类元件和激素诱导类元件。RcbZIP11基因在蓖麻不同组织(真叶、子叶、茎和根)中均有表达,在子叶中相对表达量最高;且该基因在逆境胁迫下(干旱、盐、低温和ABA)的根和真叶中其相对表达量均高于0 h,说明RcbZIP11基因积极地参与蓖麻的非生物胁迫响应。综上,研究为进一步探究RcbZIP11基因在蓖麻逆境条件生长过程中的功能奠定...     

Global regulation of reactive oxygen species scavenging genes in alfalfa root and shoot under gradual drought stress and recovery

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging in plants under drought stress have been studied intensively in recent years. Here we report a global analysis of gene expression for the major ROS generating and scavenging proteins in alfalfa root and shoot under gradual drought stress followed by one-day recovery. Data from two alfalfa varieties, one drought tolerant and one drought sensitive, were compared and no qualitative differences in ROS gene regulation between the two were found. Conserved, tissue-specific patterns of gene expression in response to drought were observed for several ROS-scavenging gene families, including ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and peroxiredoxin. In addition, differential gene expression within families was observed. Genes for the ROS-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase were generally induced under drought, while those for glycolate oxidase were repressed. Among the ROS-scavenging protein genes, Ferritin, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the majority of the glutathione peroxidase family members were induced under drought in both roots and shoots of both alfalfa varieties. In contrast, Fe-SOD, CC-type glutaredoxins, and thoiredoxins were downregulated.     

Effect of Drought Stress on Lipid Peroxidation,Osmotic Adjustment and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Leaves and Roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycium ruthenicum</Emphasis> Murr. Seedling

Seedling stage is a critical period for survival and growth under drought stress. In the current study, we determined effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical parameters of leaves and roots of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seedling. The variables measured were lipid peroxidation (in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content), osmotic substances (free proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar), and antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)). Free proline, soluble sugar, and MDA of leaves and roots increased with increasing stress level. Leaves displayed higher accumulations of free proline and MDA than roots. However, roots showed higher total soluble sugar than leaves. Under drought stress, soluble proteins in leaves and roots decreased initially and then increased. Meanwhile, measured proteins were higher in leaves. Under drought stress, SOD, POD, and CAT activities in leaves increased initially and then decreased but increased with increasing drought stress level in roots. Under drought the level of accumulation of osmotics was higher in the leaves than in the roots, while increased activity of antioxidant enzymes persisted in the stressed roots longer that in the leaves.     

Effect of nodules on dehydration response in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Drought is a key abiotic stress that negatively affects growth and development as well as symbiotic nitrogen fixation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). To understand whether nodulation would affect drought stress response in alfalfa, we analyzed the lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), contents of superoxide anion radical, non-enzymatic antioxidants including reduced glutathione (GSH) and proline, total protein, and soluble sugar in dehydration-stressed alfalfa. Three-month-old alfalfa plants without nodule, with active nodules, or with inactive nodules were dehydrated for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h. We found that roots and leaves from plants with nodules, especially with active nodules, showed less lipid peroxidation which was associated with higher CAT activities and higher levels of GSH. Roots and leaves with active nodules also accumulated less free proline and soluble sugar compared to plants without nodules, suggesting that proline and soluble sugar may have a limited role in osmotic adjustment in these plants. The results suggested that active nodules may have a positive effect on drought stress tolerance in alfalfa.     

干旱胁迫对烟草两品种幼苗生理生化特性及NtDEGP5基因表达的影响

以烟草Nicotianatabacum抗旱品种NC82和干旱敏感品种云烟87幼苗为材料,利用PEG-6000对幼苗进行干旱胁迫处理,研究干旱胁迫对烟草不同品种Fv/Fm、SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量等生理生化指标及NtDEGP5基因表达的影响,为进一步开展NtDEGP5基因的功能研究提供依据。结果表明,干旱胁迫对烟苗的Fv/Fm、SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量有影响,随着干旱的持续,Fv/Fm呈逐渐下降趋势,POD、SOD活性和MDA含量呈先升高后降低的趋势;不同品种对干旱胁迫的响应有差异,在干旱胁迫0～9 h,云烟87幼苗的Fv/Fm降幅大于NC82,POD、SOD活性、MDA含量的增幅小于NC82,胁迫12h后与对照差异不显著。干旱胁迫下不同品种、不同器官间的Nt DEGP5基因表达有差异,云烟87幼苗根、茎、叶中的表达量均较低,NC82幼苗根中的表达量较低,但干旱胁迫9～12 h后叶和茎的表达量较高。NC82幼苗叶片NtDEGP5基因表达量与Fv/Fm、POD活性、MDA含量呈显著正相关。Fv/Fm、SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量可作为烟草苗期抗旱性评价指标,NtD...