Changes in blood chemistry in broiler chickens during the fattening period

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the selected biochemical serum parameters in male Ross 308 broilers during the fattening period. The birds were kept under standard farm conditions and they were fed on commercial mixtures. The blood for analysis was taken from the jugular vein on the 14th, 21st, and 42nd days of age. The concentration of serum protein (total protein, albumins, uric acid, creatinine), lipid (TG, TCHL, HDL) and mineral (Ca, P(i), Mg, Fe) indices were determined. The measurements were carried out with the use of Epoll 20 photometer. The content of LDL and VLDL lipoprotein fractions was calculated on the basis of the Friedewald equation. Most of the estimated parameters, except for LDL and Pi, were age-dependent (P<0.05). Total protein, albumins and total Ca levels showed a constant increase between the 14th and 42nd days of life. A lower (P<0.05) concentration of TG, TCHL, HDL, VLDL, Mg and Fe was determined at the end of the fattening period compared to 14-day-old broilers. A significant decrease of TG, VLDL, Mg and Fe content was noted already in the first age range (days 14-21) while in the case of TCHL and HDL a significant decrease was found between the 21st and 42nd days of fattening. The obtained results may be helpful in the evaluation of changes in the metabolic profile, health condition and production patterns in growing broiler chickens reared under farm conditions.     

莲房原花青素对家兔血脂及肝组织形态的影响

目的：观察莲房原花青素（LSPC）对实验性高血脂兔及其肝组织形态学的影响。方法：按血胆固醇水平将实验性高血脂兔随机分组：空白对照组,三个不同LSPC剂量（100,200,400mg/kg）组,测定口服LPSC前后血清和肝总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、血清低密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（LDL－C）、高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（HDL－C）等指标,并对家兔肝脏进行病理学检查。结果：低剂量LSPC能明显降低高血脂兔的血清及肝脏中TG（P＜0．05）,显著升高血清HDL－C值（P＜0．01）;高剂量LSPC能显著减少高血脂兔血清TC、LD1－C（P＜0．01）,同时升高血清HDL－C值（P＜0．05）,但对肝组织形态有一定的副作用。结论：结论：提示莲房原花青素可能具有调节血脂的作用。     

The Effect of Different Levels of Organic and Inorganic Chromium Supplementation on Production Performance, Carcass Traits and Some Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicken Under Heat Stress Condition

A total of 250 broilers in a completely randomized design selected to evaluate the effect of different levels of chromium (Cr) supplementation on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of heat-stressed broiler chicks. All birds were kept under heat stress temperature (33?±?3°C) and divided into five treatments groups. Each treatment consisted of five pens with 10 birds in each pen. The basal diets were supplemented with 0?ppb (control), 800?ppb Cr-L-Met (T(1)), 1,200?ppb Cr-L-Met (T(2)) or 800?ppb CrCl(3) (T(3)), and 1,200?ppb CrCl(3) (T(4)). The feed intake and body mass were measured at 10, 21, and 42?days of age. Blood samples were collected from two birds in each replicates to determine biological and hematological values at 28 and 42?days of age. There were no significant difference in mass gain and feed conversion of broilers that received Cr supplementations compared with controls. The serum glucose concentration decreased in broilers received organic chromium methionine supplements compared with other treatments groups. Slight but not significant increases were observed in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration of treated groups than controls while the mean serum HDL concentration was significantly higher in T(2) group compared with control group. Serum low-density lipoprotein level decreased in broiler received organic Cr supplements (p?相似文献   

Antioxidative and metabolic responses to extended cold exposure in rats

In this work, we investigated whether extended cold exposure increases oxidative damage and susceptibility to oxidants of rat liver, heart, kidney and lung which are metabolically active tissues. Moreover in this study the effect of cold stress on some of the lipid metabolic mediators were studied in rat experimental model. Male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: The control group (n=12) and the cold-stress group (n=12). Tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathion S-transferase (GST) and glutathion reductase (GR) activities and glutathion (GSH) were measured using standard protocols. The biochemical analyses for total lipid, cholesterol, trigliceride, HDL, VLDL and LDL were done on autoanalyzer. In cold-stress groups SOD activity was decreased in the lung whereas it increased in the heart and kidney. CAT activity was significantly decreased (except liver) in all the tissues in treated rats. GST activity of cold-induced rats increased in liver and heart while decreased in the lung. GR activity was significantly decreased (except in liver) in all the tissues in cold-stressed rats. GSH level was significantly increased in the heart but decreased in the lung of animals exposed to cold when compared to controls. It was found that among the groups trigliceride, total lipid, HDL and VLDL parameters varied significantly but cholesterol and LDL had no significant variance. In this study, we found that exposure of extended (48 h) cold (8 degrees C) caused changes both in the antioxidant defense system (as tissue and enzyme specific) and serum lipoprotein profiles in rats.     

Losartan Improved Antioxidant Defense,Renal Function and Structure of Postischemic Hypertensive Kidney

Ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) is a highly complex disorder involving renal vasoconstriction, filtration failure, tubular obstruction, tubular backleak and generation of reactive oxygen species. Due to this complexity, the aim of our study was to explore effects of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade on kidney structure and function, as well as oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized adult male SHR in the model of ARF with 40 minutes clamping the left renal artery. The right kidney was removed and 40 minutes renal ischemia was performed. Experimental groups received AT1R antagonist (Losartan) or vehicle (saline) in the femoral vein 5 minutes before, during and 175 minutes after the period of ischemia. Biochemical parameters were measured and kidney specimens were collected 24h after reperfusion. ARF significantly decreased creatinine and urea clearance, increased LDL and lipid peroxidation in plasma. Treatment with losartan induced a significant increase of creatinine and urea clearance, as well as HDL. Lipid peroxidation in plasma was decreased and catalase enzyme activity in erythrocytes was increased after losartan treatment. Losartan reduced cortico-medullary necrosis and tubular dilatation in the kidney. High expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the injured kidney was downregulated after losartan treatment. Our results reveal that angiotensin II (via AT1R) mediates the most postischemic injuries in hypertensive kidney through oxidative stress enhancement. Therefore, blockade of AT1R may have beneficial effects in hypertensive patients who have developed ARF.     

Metabolomic analysis of polar metabolites in lipoprotein fractions identifies lipoprotein-specific metabolic profiles and their association with insulin resistance

While the molecular lipid composition of lipoproteins has been investigated in detail, little is known about associations of small polar metabolites with specific lipoproteins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the profiles of polar metabolites in different lipoprotein fractions, i.e., very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and two sub-fractions of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL(2), and HDL(3) fractions were isolated from serum of sixteen individuals having a broad range of insulin sensitivity and characterized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). The lipoprotein fractions had clearly different metabolite profiles, which correlated with the particle size and surface charge. Lipoprotein-specific associations of individual metabolites with insulin resistance were identified, particularly in VLDL and IDL fractions, even in the absence of such associations in serum. The results indicate that the polar molecules are strongly attached to the surface of the lipoproteins. Furthermore, strong lipoprotein-specific associations of metabolites with insulin resistance, as compared to their serum profiles, indicate that lipoproteins may be a rich source of tissue-specific metabolic biomarkers.     

Role of Clove and Tulsi on broiler health and meat production

The role of Clove (Cv) and Tulsi (Ts) supplementation on broiler growth performance and gut health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters has already been established. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the role of Cv and Ts on the serum biochemical profile and meat quality traits in broilers. A total of sixty (60) one-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four homogenous groups (15 birds per group). They were then fed Cv powder and Ts extract from day (d) 8 to d 28 with drinking water i.e. zero level of Cv or Ts (T0), 0.5% Cv + 2% Ts (T1), 1.0% Cv + 3% Ts (T2), 1.5% Cv + 4% Ts (T3). Blood and meat samples were collected on d 14, 21, and 28 to analyze the serum-biochemical profile and meat quality. Supplementation of Cv and Ts improved serum-biochemical profile by reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers. However, they did not affect the serum protein levels while the 0.5–1% Cv and 2–3% Ts supplemented groups had higher glucose levels on d 21. Production of breast and thigh meat increased with increased size, and density of myofibers while fed 0.5–1% Cv and 2–3% Ts. On the contrary, 1.5% Cv powder and 4% Ts extract supplementation improved thigh meat color, breast and thigh meat pH as well as the water-holding capacity. The current study findings suggest that Cv and Ts can be used in combination to improve broiler health, production, and meat quality.     

Oxidative modification of lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemic patients and hypercholesterolemic rabbits in vivo

Many lines of evidence suggest that LDL is oxidized in vivo and that Ox-LDL is present in the artery wall. But the oxidation of VLDL and HDL in vivo has not yet been reported. In this study, the oxidative modification of serum LDL, VLDL, and HDL in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and in serum of rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet were made. The serum LDL, VLDL and HDL were isolated by the density gradient ultracentrifugation. The oxidative modification of LDL, VLDL and HDL were identified by agarose eletrophoresis, absorbance at 234 nm and fluorescence of TBARS. The results showed that serum TC, TG and TBARS in the HTG group (n= 25) and in rabbits fed with a high fat diet (for 12 weeks, n = 8) were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control groups (normal subjects, n = 25; rabbits fed with a normal diet, n = 8; p < 0.01). The electrophoretic mobilities of LDL, VLDL and HDL were increased when compared with the controls, and absorbance at 234 nm and TBARS of LDL, VLDL and HDL in the HTG group and in the high fat diet rabbits were significantly higher than those of the controls (p < 0.01). These results suggest that not only LDL but also VLDL and HDL were oxidatively modified in vivo in the patients with HTG and in the rabbits fed with a high cholesterol diet.     

Metabolic diversity of progressive kidney disease in 325 patients with type 1 diabetes (the FinnDiane Study)

Type 1 diabetic patients with varying severity of kidney disease were investigated to create multimetabolite models of the disease process. Urinary albumin excretion rate was measured for 3358 patients with type 1 diabetes. Prospective records were available for 1051 patients, of whom 163 showed progression of albuminuria (8.3-year follow-up), and 162 were selected as stable controls. At baseline, serum lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and low-molecular weight metabolites were quantified by NMR spectroscopy (325 samples). The data were analyzed by the self-organizing map. In cross-sectional analyses, patients with no complications had low serum lipids, less inflammation, and better glycemic control, whereas patients with advanced kidney disease had high serum cystatin-C and sphingomyelin. These phenotype extremes shared low unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and phospholipids. Prospectively, progressive albuminuria was associated with high UFAs, phospholipids, and IDL and LDL lipids. Progression at longer duration was associated with high HDL lipids, whereas earlier progression was associated with poor glycemic control, increased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and inflammation. Diabetic kidney disease consists of diverse metabolic phenotypes: UFAs, phospholipids, IDL, and LDL may be important in the subclinical phase, high SFAs and low HDL suggest accelerated progression, and the sphingolipid pathway in advanced kidney injury deserves further research.     

HDL Subspecies in Young Adult Twins: Heritability and Impact of Overweight

The association between abdominal obesity and atherogenic lipid profile emerges from complex interactions of genes and environment. We aimed to explore the heritability and effects of overweight on serum lipid profile (high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), HDL mean particle size, percentages of HDL_{2b, 2a, 3a, 3b, and 3c}, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), LDL peak particle size and triglycerides (TGs)) in healthy, young adults. HDL‐C, LDL‐C, and TG were measured in 52 monozygotic (MZ) and 89 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, aged 23–32 years, chosen to represent a wide range of BMIs (17.6–42.9 kg/m²). Of them, 24 MZ and 26 DZ pairs were chosen at random for measurements of HDL mean and LDL peak particle sizes and percentages of HDL subspecies. The heritabilities of the lipid parameters adjusted for BMI were HDL‐C 73%, HDL mean particle size 56%, HDL subspecies 46–63%, LDL‐C 79%, LDL peak particle size 49%, and TG 64%. Genetic and environmental correlations between BMI and HDL‐C, LDL‐C, and TG were modest (0.3–0.4). Abdominal overweight (waist circumference ≥94 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) associated with decreased HDL‐C, increased LDL‐C, and TG concentrations, smaller HDL mean particle size, lower HDL_2b, and higher HDL_3c percentages in both genders. Within MZ twins, controlling for genetic influences, within‐pair differences in HDL_3c percentage were associated with those in waist (r = 0.46, P = 0.032) and BMI (r = 0.51, P = 0.013). In conclusion, serum lipid parameters, including LDL peak and HDL mean particle sizes and HDL subspecies distribution are under strong genetic control. Overweight associated with significant lipid profile changes, particularly, small HDL_3c increased in overweight independent of genetic influences.     

The effects of dietary fish oil on hepatic high density and low density lipoprotein receptor activities in the rat

Rats were fed either a standard ration diet or that diet supplemented with 8% by wt of a marine fish oil or safflower oil. After 10 days, plasma triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity were significantly depressed while HDL receptor activity was significantly increased in rats fed fish oil. Fish oil-induced effects on cholesterol metabolism in the rat therefore include reciprocal changes in the activities of hepatic LDL and HDL receptors.     

Relationship between Lipids Levels of Serum and Seminal Plasma and Semen Parameters in 631 Chinese Subfertile Men

Objective

This prospective study was designed to investigate the relationship between lipids levels in both serum and seminal plasma and semen parameters.

Methods

631 subfertile men were enrolled. Their obesity-associated markers were measured, and semen parameters were analyzed. Also, seminal plasma and serum TC, TG, HDL and LDL and serum FFA, FSH, LH, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and SHBG levels were detected.

Results

Seminal plasma and serum TG, TC and LDL levels were positively related to age. Serum TC, TG and LDL were positively related to obesity-associated markers (P < 0.001), while only seminal plasma TG was positively related to them (P < 0.05). For lipids levels in serum and seminal plasma, only TG level had slightly positive correlation between them (r = 0.081, P = 0.042). There was no significant correlation between serum lipids levels and semen parameters. However, seminal plasma TG, TC, LDL and HDL levels were negatively related to one or several semen parameters, including semen volume (SV), sperm concentration (SC), total sperm count (TSC), sperm motility, progressive motility (PR) and total normal-progressively motile sperm counts (TNPMS). Moreover, seminal plasma TG, TC, LDL and HDL levels in patients with oligospermatism, asthenospermia and teratozoospermia were higher than those with normal sperm concentration, motility or morphology. After adjusting age and serum LH, FSH, TT, E2 and SHBG levels, linear regression analysis showed that SV was still significantly correlated with seminal plasma LDL (P = 0.012), both of SC and TSC with seminal plasma HDL (P = 0.028 and 0.002), and both of PR and sperm motility with seminal plasma TC (P = 0.012 and 0.051).

Conclusion

The abnormal metabolism of lipids in male reproductive system may contribute to male factor infertility.     

Specific saturable binding of rat high-density lipoproteins to rat kidney membranes

The binding of rat 125I-labelled high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to rat kidney membranes was studied using HDL fractions varying in their apolipoprotein E content. The apolipoprotein E/apolipoprotein A-I ratio (g/g) in the HDL fractions ranged from essentially 0 to 1.5. All these HDL preparations showed the same binding characteristics. The saturation curves, measured at 0 degrees C in the presence of 2% bovine serum albumin, consisted of two components: low-affinity non-saturable binding and high-affinity binding (Kd about 40 micrograms of HDL protein/ml). Scatchard analyses of the high-affinity binding suggest a single class of non-interacting binding sites. These sites could be purified together with the plasma membrane marker enzyme 5'-nucleotidase. The binding of rat HDL to rat kidney membranes was not sensitive to high concentrations of EDTA, relatively insensitive to pronase treatment and influenced by temperature. The specific binding of rat HDL was highest at acid pH and showed an additional optimum at pH 7.5. On a total protein basis unlabelled rat VLDL competed as effectively as unlabelled rat HDL for binding of 125I-labelled rat HDL to partially purified kidney membranes. Rat LDL, purified by chromatography on concanavalin A columns and human LDL did not compete. Unlabelled human HDL was a much weaker competitor than unlabelled rat HDL and the maximal specific binding of 125I-labelled human HDL was only 10% of the value for 125I-labelled rat HDL.     

Antihyperlipidemic effect of D-pinitol on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

D-pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiroinositol), an active principle of the traditional antidiabetic plant, Bougainvillea spectabilis, is claimed to exert insulin-like effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of D-pinitol on lipids and lipoproteins in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Rats were made type II diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of blood glucose and total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids in serum, liver, kidney, heart, and brain. The levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were significantly increased, and the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly decreased in diabetic rats Oral administration of D-pinitol to STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of blood glucose and total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids in serum, liver, kidney, heart, and brain. The D-pinitol also lowered significantly (p < 0.05) LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels and increased significantly (p < 0.05) HDL cholesterol levels in the serum of diabetic rats. Thus, the present study clearly showed the antihyperlipidemic effect of D-pinitol in STZ-induced type II diabetic rats.     

Relationship between adiponectin and metabolic variables in Caribbean offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM: To examine the relationship between adiponectin and metabolic variables in the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Fasting blood samples and anthropometric indices were taken from 34 subjects, offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes, and 24 healthy control subjects without any immediate family history of diabetes. Plasma glucose and serum adiponectin, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were measured, and insulin resistance (IR) was calculated based on the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method. RESULTS: Offspring and control subjects were sex-matched, but the offspring were older and had higher body mass index and waist circumference than the control subjects (p < 0.05). The offspring had significantly higher mean fasting plasma glucose concentrations; however, their mean serum insulin, adiponectin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and HOMA-derived IR levels did not significantly differ from those of the control subjects (p > 0.05). While the negative correlation between serum adiponectin and HDL cholesterol levels in the offspring remained statistically significant after adjusting for the effect of age, sex and BMI (r = -0.37, p < 0.05), the negative correlation between adiponectin and serum triglyceride, LDL cholesterol or IR levels became non-significant after controlling for the above variables (p > 0.05 in all cases). CONCLUSION: The correlation between adiponectin and some known biochemical risk factors for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the offspring of patients with diabetes warrants further study to evaluate its potential in assessing the risk of developing these disorders.     

Effects of feeding aFusarium poae extract and a natural zeolite to broiler chickens

A feeding trial was conducted in order to determine the effects of aFusarium poae extract on the health and performances of broiler chickens and the possible protective effect of a natural zeolite. TheF. poae extract contained nivalenol, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol and demonstrated high toxicity when administeredi.p. to rats. One-day-old broiler chickens were fedad libitum over a period of 28 days with the following diets: group I - control; group II - 0.5% zeolite; group III -F. poae extract; group IV-0.5% zeolite andF. poae extract. Broilers were sacrificed at 28 days for the measurement of relative organs weights, leukocyte counts and serum biochemical values. No mortality was recorded over the experiment. Body weight gains, feed intake, feed utilisation and water consumption were depressed by theF. poae extract (p<0.05). A decrease of these parameters were also observed in group IV which received the diet with zeolite and theF. poae extract. No significant differences were seen in group II when compared to control. In groups III and IV the relative weights of liver, kidney, hearth and gizzard were significantly increased (p<0.05), while in group II only the relative liver weight was increased.F. poae extract, administered singly or in combination with zeolite, significantly decreased leukocytes count, serum total protein and serum albumin. Zeolite andF. poae extract, singly or combined, increased serum creatinine and uric acid concentrations (p<0.05). These findings indicate that sublethal doses of F. poae extract can affect adversely the performances and the health in broiler chickens. By adding zeolite these impairments could not diminished and for some parameters the zeolite additive increased the adverse effects of the F. poae extract.     

Teratogenic effects of dilantin on thoraco-abdominal organs of developing chick embryos

Congenital anomalies on some viscera like heart, liver and kidney have been investigated in chick embryos after a single injection of dilantin (3 mg/egg), a known antiepileptic drug, on 4th day of incubation. On 19th day of incubation, chick embryos were collected to observe the gross malformations and histological changes in heart, liver and kidney. On gross examination, visceroptosis (29%), thin anterior abdominal wall (28%), ectopia cordis (10%) and dextrocardia (1%) were observed. Histological examination of the kidney revealed glomerular degeneration in kidney while in liver, dilated central veins with degenerated hepatocytes were present. Longitudinal section of the heart showed thicker musculature specially of ventricles with a narrower lumen in comparison to that of the control. The results indicate teratogenicity of dilantin in developing chick embryos.     

Heterogeneity of serum lipoproteins during the fetal and neonatal development of the pig

Serum lipoproteins from fetal, neonatal and adult pigs were characterized with the use of lipid analysis, polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and zonal ultracentrifugation. Almost all serum cholesterol was found in LDL during the early stages of fetal development, while low but increasing levels appeared in the fetal pig HDL by the end of the gestation period. In the fetal pig, most of the serum triglycerides could be found in the HDL fraction. After the start of suckling, the levels of serum triglycerides and cholesterol increased. Most of these exogenous lipids were found in the chylomicrons + VLDL + LDL fraction of the newborn pig serum. The molecular weights of the native serum lipoproteins were calculated as being 2.0-2.4 X 10(5) daltons for newborn pig HDL and 1.4-1.7 X 10(6) daltons for newborn pig LDL. Minor changes in the molecular weight distributions were detected within these ranges for both HDL and LDL during fetal and neonatal development of the pig. Zonal ultracentrifugation of neonatal pig serum partly separated the LDL into three subfractions, whereas neonatal HDL appeared as one broad fraction.     

Cottonseed Meal Bioactive Peptides as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Chicks

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of cottonseed meal (CSBP) compared with zinc bacitracin, as an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), on productive traits, serum lipid profile, and ileal microbial population in broiler chickens. A total number of 240-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated into 4 treatments, replicated 5 times based on a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments included a basal diet serving as control group, basal diet?+?40 mg/kg zinc bacitracin as AGP group, and the basal diet supplemented with 15 or 20 g/kg CSBP substituting equal quantity of maize and soybean meal. Performance traits, including daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and livability were recorded. At the end of the study, serum lipid parameters, ileal microbial population, and economical indices were determined. The results indicated that feed intake and FCR increased (P?<?0.05) in birds receiving 20 g/kg CSBP over the entire period (1–35 days), but there was no significant effect of CSBP on body weight, although numerically higher than the control group. However, the antibiotic group showed a significant increase (P?<?0.05) in body weight and feed intake. Livability, European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), and European Broiler Index (EBI) significantly improved in broiler chickens fed antibiotic and 15 g/kg CSBP supplement (P?<?0.05). Adding 20 g/kg of CSBP to the diet significantly increased serum triglycerides and decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) compared to the control and antibiotic groups on day 35. The relative weight of abdominal fat and LDL to HDL ratio were significantly lower for CSBP and antibiotic treatments than the control group (P?<?0.05). Supplementation of antibiotic and both graded levels of CSBP decreased the ileum population of Escherichia coli (P?<?0.05). The current findings suggest that including CSBP in broiler diets may benefit production through improving growth rate of broilers and balancing gut microbiota population. In addition, CSBP could be considered as a potential alternative to antibiotics in an AGP free production system.

     

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity. II. Physiological, biochemical and morphological effects of prolonged administration to rats.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the morphological, physiological and biochemical effects of gentamicin upon the rat kidney following prolonged administration of the antibiotic. Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 strain rats were given 3, 10, 20 or 40 mg gentamicin per kg body weight per day for 28 days. Morphologic alterations were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Functional parameters included glomerular filtration rate, PAH secretion, renal plasma flow, sodium reabsorption, potassium excretion, urine volume and protein, and serum urea nitrogen. Oxidative metabolism of mitochondrial fractions from renal cortical homogenates was evaluated by oxygen uptake and P:O ratios. The results indicate focal proximal tubular injury, decreased tubular maximum secretion of PAH, and altered oxidative metabolism at the higher dose levels of gentamicin. Neither elevations of serum urea nitrogen nor alterations in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or sodium or potassium excretion were observed. Thus, it appears that high dose levels (40 mg per kg per day) alter the structure and function of some proximal tubular segments when administered over prolonged periods. The alterations appear reversible. Although nephro-toxicity is identified under these conditions in rats, extrapolation to human patients usually receiving much lower doses must be guarded.