一种更有效的肝癌靶向性条件复制型腺病毒的构建及体外抑瘤作用

目的:分别构建以甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)300bp启动子和800bp增强子-300bp启动子调控复制的条件复制型腺病毒(CRAd),对两种病毒的务件复制性以及溶瘤作用进行比较,为肝癌靶向性治疗提供更优良的载体.方法:以HepG2基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增AFP基因启动子(AFPp)和增强子(AFPe),构建表达质粒pAFPp-EGFPluc和pAFPep-EGFPluc,通过检测报告基因EGFP和luciferase的表达鉴定启动子和增强子的活性后,构建穿梭质粒pDC311-AFPp-E1A,pDC311-AFPep-E1A并包装出腺病毒Ad.AFPp-E1A和Ad.AFPep-E1A.利用Western blot、病毒增殖、细胞病变、细胞活力等鉴定并比较两种病毒的复制能力和溶瘤作用.结果:Ad.AFep-E1A和Ad.AFPep-E1A均可在AFP阳性细胞中选择性复制并且具有一定的溶瘤作用,以后者的选择复制性和溶瘤性更为明显.感染病毒Ad.AFPp-E1A后的HepG2、Hep3B细胞的存活率分别为(54.23±7.13)%、(61.18±12.63)%;感染病毒Ad.AFPep-E1A后的HepG2、Hep3B细胞存活率分别为(26.65±5.43)%、(24.49+3.31)%.结论:被截短的800bp增强子片断,在对AFP启动子起到增强作用的同时,可以为腺病毒包装进更多的治疗基因提供空间,从而为肝癌靶向治疗提供更为良好的条件复制型病毒载体.     

人eNOS复制缺陷型重组腺病毒的构建

目的:构建以巨型细胞病毒(CMV)为启动子的heNCS重组腺病毒转移载体.方法和结果:将heNOS cDNA全长亚克隆到穿梭质粒启动子CMV的下游,通过I-Ceu Ⅰ和PI-SceⅠ两个稀有酶切位点将目的基因heNOS与腺病毒质粒DNA(pAdeno-X)进行体外连接,获得重组腺病毒质粒DNA(pAdeno-heNOS),后者经限制性内切酶PacⅠ切割,利用脂质体转染法获得heNOS重组腺病毒.PCR双引物法鉴定是否成功构建heNCS重组腺病毒.结论:PCR双引物检测含有heNOS片段,表明成功构建了heNOS重组腺病毒转移载体AdhCMV-heNOS.     

细菌内同源重组法构建靶向Survivin 的腺病毒载体的研究

目的:研究细菌内同源重组法构建靶向Survivin的腺病毒载体及其体外扩增表达。方法:将survivin基因克隆至穿梭质粒载体中,特异性酶切后回收、连接、转化,构建负载survivin片段的重组腺病毒载体。提取重组病毒基因酶切鉴定后,包装成病毒,并扩增到所需滴度。行Western blotting鉴定,观察重组腺病毒载体在真核细胞的表达。结果:(1)重组穿梭质粒的Mlu I酶切鉴定结果显示,酶切结果均与相应的载体及目的片段的大小相符合,基因测序结果基本一致。(2)凝胶电泳产生了两条大约15 kb和8.5kb的片段,由图2可知重组腺病毒质粒酶切充分完全,且回收率较高。(3)重组腺病毒载体转染AD293细胞24 h后已出现细胞病变效应,病变细胞细胞核变大。(4)D260/OD280的值为1.92,表明重组腺病毒纯度较高。(5)AD293细胞病毒上清中有能与抗Survivin单抗反应的蛋白,其相对分子质量与理论值相吻合,阴性对照组无对应条带出现。结论:本方法成功构建表达了含Survivin的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步进行Survivin基因功能的研究提供了实验基础和理论支持。     

脂肪储存小滴蛋白5 重组腺病毒的制备

目的:利用AdEasy腺病毒表达系统构建含有小鼠脂肪储存小滴蛋白5(LSDP5)基因的重组腺病毒。方法:从小鼠肝脏cDNA克隆出LSDP5基因全长,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,酶切测序。回收酶切产物,连接到腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV,构建pShuttle-CMV-LSDP5重组质粒,经PmeI酶切线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183中。筛选阳性克隆,提取重组质粒,PacI酶切线性化并转染AD293细胞进行包装,提取病毒DNA,鉴定重组病毒并检测病毒滴度。结果:LSDP5基因克隆经测序证实与Genebank公布一致,双酶切重组pMD18-T载体得到1400 bp左右的片段。重组穿梭载体经Kpn I和Sal I双酶切后得到预期片段。PacI酶切得到30 Kb大片段和4.5 Kb小片段。转染AD293细胞后收集病毒,经PCR鉴定,获得理想的目的片段。取病毒上清反复感染AD293细胞以扩增病毒,最后所得病毒滴度为2.5×109pfu/ml。结论:成功构建了携带脂肪储存小滴蛋白5基因的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步研究LSDP5基因功能奠定基础。     

跨膜型TNF-α单克隆抗体腺病毒表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的:应用AdEasy-1系统构建包含tmTNF-α单克隆抗体轻、重链序列的重组腺病毒表达载体。方法:首先PCR合成抗体轻、重链序列,分别将轻、重链序列插入经过改造的含有双启动子的穿梭质粒pShuttle-2CMV,将穿梭载体电转化转化AdEasy系统BJ5183感受态,挑取单克隆扩增质粒后酶切鉴定。结果:成功构建重组腺病毒表达载体pAdEasy-tmTNF-α,抗体重链、轻链序列酶切后经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实条带片段大小正确,电转化BJ5183后挑选重组克隆提取质粒,PacI酶切后重组片段位于4.5kb及3 kb位置,证明重组腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-1-tmTNF-α构建成功。结论:将腺病毒系统与单克隆抗体技术相结合,利用AdEasy-1系统成功构建腺病毒重组tmTNF-α单克隆抗体表达载体,为进一步开展肿瘤基因治疗的研究提供基础。     

杂合启动子HREAF的构建及其肝癌特异性分析

本研究将在几乎所有肝癌细胞中均有高特异性的杂合启动子HREAF用于构建肝癌特异性溶瘤腺病毒。根据献报道的缺氧应答元件(HRE)和人甲胎蛋白(AFP)核心启动子(AF0.3)基因序列,设计并合成2对引物,采用PCR方法从肝癌细胞基因组DNA中扩增获得大小分别约为560bp的HRE DNA片段和310bp的AF0.3DNA片段,连接到pGEM—T Easy载体进行测序,证明获得了HRE和AF0.3的基因片段。将HRE和AF0．3的PCR产物分别进行PstI和SspI酶切并末端补平后直接连接,将此约700bp的连接产物克隆到pGEM—T Easy载体进行测序,证明杂合启动子HREAF构建成功。将HREAF亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle并在其后克隆入受其调控的腺病毒早期基因E1,构建成肝癌特异性溶瘤腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle—HREAF—E1,经PCR及酶切鉴定。将pShuttle—HREAF—E1转染肺癌细胞株及AFP产量不等的不同人肝癌细胞株,经Ela的RT—PCR检测证实杂合启动子HREAF可调控目的基因在AFP产量不等的不同人肝癌细胞系中特异性高表达。杂合启动子HREAF及腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle—HREAF—E1的构建为进一步研制肝癌特异性重组溶瘤腺病毒及其体内外肝癌特异杀伤作用的研究打下了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白重组腺病毒的构建与免疫原性测定

应用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒国内分离株S1毒株的GP5基因序列,然后通过KpnI和XhoI酶切位点把该基因克隆入经过同样双酶切的穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV中。重组穿梭载体经过酶切和PCR鉴定后进行测序,证明所克隆入的基因以正确的阅读框插入。获得的重组穿梭载体经线性化后与腺病毒骨架载体共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183菌株。纯化的重组腺病毒质粒经酶切线性化后转染293细胞获得重组腺病毒。重组腺病毒经纯化后进行RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光鉴定,证明了用PRRSVGP5蛋白基因所构建的重组腺病毒成功的表达了GP5蛋白。猪体免疫试验后收集血清进行中和实验证明所构建的重组腺病毒在猪体内能够诱导产生中和抗体,因此我们所构建的重组腺病毒可以作为PRRSV基因工程疫苗研究候选病毒株。     

跨膜型TNF-alpha单克隆抗体腺病毒表达载体的构建和鉴

目的：应用AdEasy-1 系统构建包含tmTNF-alpha单克隆抗体轻、重链序列的重组腺病毒表达载体。方法：首先PCR 合成抗体 轻、重链序列,分别将轻、重链序列插入经过改造的含有双启动子的穿梭质粒pShuttle-2CMV,将穿梭载体电转化转化AdEasy 系 统BJ5183 感受态,挑取单克隆扩增质粒后酶切鉴定。结果：成功构建重组腺病毒表达载体pAdEasy-tmTNF-alpha,抗体重链、轻链序 列酶切后经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实条带片段大小正确,电转化BJ5183 后挑选重组克隆提取质粒,PacI酶切后重组片段位于4.5 kb及3 kb位置,证明重组腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-1-tmTNF-alpha构建成功。结论：将腺病毒系统与单克隆抗体技术相结合,利用AdEasy-1 系统成功构建腺病毒重组tmTNF-alpha单克隆抗体表达载体,为进一步开展肿瘤基因治疗的研究提供基础。     

FMDV全ORF编码基因的克隆及其腺病毒载体的构建

为研制O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)复制缺陷型腺病毒活载体疫苗毒株,通过RT-PCR方法获得了O型FMDV的开放阅读框(ORF)基因,并定向克隆到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV中,构建了重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMVORF,经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定,克隆得到的ORF编码基因序列与原始强毒株O型FMDV的ORF编码基因相似性达99.8%。将含有目的基因的穿梭质粒线性化后和腺病毒骨架载体pAdeasy-2共同电转化入大肠杆菌BJ5183感受态细胞中,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAd-ORF,经PCR和酶切鉴定正确。本研究成功获得了含有现代O型疫苗用FMDV毒株的全ORF编码基因的阳性克隆,并成功构建了含有完整编码基因表达盒的重组腺病毒穿梭质粒及其腺病毒骨架质粒。     

人核糖核酸酶抑制因子基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建含有人核糖核酸酶抑制因子（hRI）基因的重组腺病毒载体。方法以含有全长cDNA的pT7-RI为模板,PCR扩增hRI,经T载体克隆后,酶切亚克隆到穿梭质粒pAdTrack—CMV上,在BJ5183细菌内和pAdEasy-1同源重组。筛选阳性克隆,酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,线性化后脂质体法转染293细胞进行包装、扩增。通过观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒。结果酶切鉴定及PCR结果证明hRI基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功,病毒滴度为1．5×10^10 pfu/ml。结论应用细菌内同源重组法成功构建了含hRI基因的重组腺病毒载体。     

Activity of the Human Telomerase Catalytic Subunit (hTERT) Gene Promoter Could Be Increased by the SV40 Enhancer

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex of which the function is to add telomeric repeats to chromosomal ends. Telomerase consists of two essential components, the telomerase RNA template (hTR) and the catalytic subunit (hTERT). hTERT is expressed only in cells and tissues positive for telomerase activity, i.e., tumor and fetal cells. The aim of this study is to test the increased telomerase promoter activity for cancer gene therapy in adenovirus vector. We cloned the hTERT promoter in place of the SV40 promoter in the pGL3-contol vector to be increased by the SV40 enhancer sequences, resulting in strong expression of luc+ only in telomerase positive cancer cells. Then we transfected the constructed plasmid into a normal human cell line and several cancer cell lines. Through these experiments, we identified the selective and increased expression of the luciferase gene controlled by the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer in the telomerase positive cancer cell lines. To investigate the possibility of utilizing the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer in targeted cancer gene therapy, we constructed an adenovirus vector expressing HSV-TK controlled by the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer for the induction of specific telomerase positive cancer cell death. NSCLC cells infected by Ad-hT-TK-enh were more significantly suppressed and induced apoptosis than those infected by Ad-hT-TK. Telomerase is activated in 80～90% of cancers, so adenovirus with increasing telomerase promoter activity might be used for targeted cancer gene therapy using suicide genes. These results show that the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer might be used for targeted cancer gene therapy.     

Activity of the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene promoter could be increased by the SV40 enhancer

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex of which the function is to add telomeric repeats to chromosomal ends. Telomerase consists of two essential components, the telomerase RNA template (hTR) and the catalytic subunit (hTERT). hTERT is expressed only in cells and tissues positive for telomerase activity, i.e., tumor and fetal cells. The aim of this study is to test the increased telomerase promoter activity for cancer gene therapy in adenovirus vector. We cloned the hTERT promoter in place of the SV40 promoter in the pGL3-contol vector to be increased by the SV40 enhancer sequences, resulting in strong expression of luc+ only in telomerase positive cancer cells. Then we transfected the constructed plasmid into a normal human cell line and several cancer cell lines. Through these experiments, we identified the selective and increased expression of the luciferase gene controlled by the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer in the telomerase positive cancer cell lines. To investigate the possibility of utilizing the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer in targeted cancer gene therapy, we constructed an adenovirus vector expressing HSV-TK controlled by the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer for the induction of specific telomerase positive cancer cell death. NSCLC cells infected by Ad-hT-TK-enh were more significantly suppressed and induced apoptosis than those infected by Ad-hT-TK. Telomerase is activated in 80 approximately 90% of cancers, so adenovirus with increasing telomerase promoter activity might be used for targeted cancer gene therapy using suicide genes. These results show that the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer might be used for targeted cancer gene therapy.     

Activation of gene expression by adenovirus and herpesvirus regulatory genes acting in trans and by a cis-acting adenovirus enhancer element

A plasmid containing the adenovirus E2 gene, a gene normally requiring E1A-mediated induction during viral infection, is expressed very poorly upon transfection into mouse L cells. If the same plasmid is transfected into 293 cells, which constitutively express the adenovirus E1A gene, or into L cells together with a plasmid containing the E1A gene, the E2 gene is expressed at higher levels. Cotransfection of the E2 plasmid with a plasmid containing the pseudorabies virus (a herpesvirus) immediate early gene results in an even higher increase in the level of E2 expression. In addition, efficient E2 expression in the absence of trans induction was obtained by inserting E1A upstream promoter sequences at the 5' or 3' end of the E2 gene, indicating that these E1A sequences possess enhancer properties. Thus the efficient expression of the E2 gene can be obtained either by a structural change in the gene itself or by a trans-acting induction.