洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF_66抗菌物质的分离纯化及性质的研究

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF-66能够抑制立枯丝核菌等若干植物病原菌和其它一些真菌的生长。CF-66菌发酵液的粗提液通过Sephadex-75pg、Sephacryl S-100柱层析分离纯化,获得抗菌物质CF66I。此抗菌物质耐热性强,耐碱,但在强酸性条件下不稳定。低浓度有机溶剂的存在有利于抑菌活性的提高。对其结构的研究表明CF66I是以(CH2CH2O)n为主要单元结构并带有酰氨键的化合物。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌活性物质的分离纯化及抑菌活性研究

植物真菌病害给农业生产带来了巨大损失,因此对生物农药的开发迫在眉睫。从堆肥中分离得到一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌,它具有强烈的抗真菌活性。其发酵液经硫酸胺沉淀得到粗提液,粗提液经Hiprep 26/10 Desalting,HiLoad 26/10 Q Sepharose和HPLC多步柱层析,分离纯化得到一种抗真菌活性物质。ESI-MS质谱法测得其分子量为1498 Da。经活性检测发现,该纯物质对尖孢镰刀菌、草莓蛇病菌等植物病原真菌具有很强的抑制作用,对毛霉、黑曲霉等食品腐败菌也有抑制作用。经过显微镜观测,该物质可造成草莓蛇病菌菌丝生长异常,表现在菌丝弯曲,顶端膨大,分生孢子数量减少。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF_66抗菌物质的分离纯化及性质的研究

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF_66能够抑制立枯丝核菌等若干植物病原菌和其它一些真菌的生长。CF_66菌发酵液的粗提液通过Sephadex_75pg、Sephacryl S_100柱层析分离纯化,获得抗菌物质CF66I。此抗菌物质耐热性强,耐碱,但在强酸性条件下不稳定。低浓度有机溶剂的存在有利于抑菌活性的提高。对其结构的研究表明CF66I是以(CH2CH2O)n为主要单元结构并带有酰氨键的化合物。     

桉树LH21无性系生根抑制物初步研究

通过绿豆插条发根及白菜种子萌发的生物测验表明,桉树LH₂₁无性系体内存在生根抑制物质。对其茎的粗提液进一步用有机溶剂萃取,硅胶柱层析技术分离纯化得到5种不同的成分,进行生物测验后,呈现不同程度的抑制生根作用,经Duncan抯新复极差法分析,有两种成分抑制作用显著。     

桉树LH22、U6无性系茎提取液对绿豆插条发根和种子萌发的影响

研究表明,难生根的尾叶桉×赤桉LH₂₂无性系茎的粗提液对绿豆插条发根率、不定根长度有极明显的抑制作用,而易生根的尾叶桉U₆无性系茎的粗提液却没有抑制作用。对这些茎粗提液进一步用有机溶剂萃取分离,各萃取相进行白菜种子萌发的生物测验,表明LH₂₂中的水相、乙醚相含有抑制种子萌发的物质,经Duncan's新复极差法分析抑制作用显著,而易生根的U₆中却无影响。水相、乙醚相分别再经硅胶柱层析技术分离纯化得到多种不同的成分,进行白菜种子萌发生物测验后,有数种成分有明显的抑制作用。因此说明,难生根的LH₂₂无性系茎内含有成分不同的生根抑制物质,而易生根的U₆无性系茎内几乎没有或含有少量这些生根抑制物质。     

迷迭香抗氧化剂的提取方法研究

本文介绍了一种两步法从迷迭香植物中提取天然抗氧化剂的方法。先用低沸点有机溶剂进行粗提 ,然后经真空蒸馏去除敏感的色泽和风味物质 ;或用硅胶柱层析分离得到较高纯度的抗氧化剂。将硅胶柱液相色谱层析与真空蒸馏分离得到的抗氧化剂进行抗氧化性能的比较 ,发现后者能获得更高纯度的抗氧化剂。纯化的抗氧化剂组份对植物油和动物油具有显著的抗氧化效能     

南极适冷菌Pseudomonassp．C抑菌活性物质的分离纯化与结构鉴定北大核心CSCD

本文对南极适冷菌Pseudomonassp．c发酵液上清中的抗植物病原菌活性物质进行了研究,结果表明在温度40-70℃和pH5—9的范围内发酵液上清的抑菌活性稳定。根据活性追踪,通过硅胶柱层析和高效液相色谱对发酵液上清中的抑菌活性物质进行了分离纯化,得到了3个对常见植物病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌具有抑菌活性的化合物,并对其中的两个化合物进行了结构鉴定。化合物1为环二肽类（环（苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸））,化合物2为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚类（14-壬基苯氧基．3,6,9,12．四氧十四烷-1-醇）,两者对枯草芽孢杆菌也具有一定的抑菌活性。     

枯草芽孢杆菌JA-206对皮肤癣菌抑制作用的研究

低能离子诱变筛选获得的枯草芽孢杆菌JA-206的发酵粗提液对红色毛癣菌和须毛癣菌有较强的抑菌或杀菌作用,粗提液经高温、蛋白酶处理后仍然有较高的稳定性,将JA-206粗提液经多步分离纯化,得到三种单一纯化产物抗菌肽AFP1、AFP2和AFP3,其中AFP1和AFP3对两种皮肤癣菌显示出明显的抑菌或杀菌作用。     

喜树内生真菌抗水稻纹枯病菌活性的研究

从喜树健康组织叶、茎以及果实中经过分离、纯化共得到26株内生菌株。利用生长速率法测定这26株菌株对植物病原菌——水稻纹枯病病原菌的抑制作用。抑菌试验结果显示：26株菌株中有22株喜树内生真菌的发酵液对植物病原菌菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用;其中,菌株XSY10的发酵液抑菌效果最强,达到了74.97%。水稻盆栽试验结果表明：喷施菌株XSY10次生代谢产物7d后,对水稻纹枯病的防治效果为34.77%。以上试验结果说明喜树内生真菌XSY10对植物病害的防治具有一定的功效。     

从小牛胸腺分离纯化末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶

本文采用Okamura氏的寡聚脱氧胸苷酸(oligo-dT)-纤维素柱层析法分离纯化小牛胸腺末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)。包括下列主要步骤:制备酶粗提液、磷酸纤维素柱层析、二乙基氨基乙基纤维素柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶过滤、oligo dT-纤维素亲和层析。经过上述几步分离纯化,从500克小牛胸腺中获得6,564单位TdT,比活性达5,199单位/毫克蛋白,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈一条带,不含脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)多聚酶Ⅰ。     

Multiple effects of a novel compound from Burkholderia cepacia against Candida albicans

A novel compound (named CF66I) produced by Burkholeria cepacia CF-66 strain was investigated for its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. This compound exhibited excellent antifungal activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Uptake analysis revealed that the compound preferentially acted against the fungal cell wall, and was also able to enter the cells. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that this compound caused loosening of the cell wall and a significant increase in the cell wall thickness was noted; however, no alterations were observed in the contents of the cell wall components. CF66I probably affected the normal assembly and integration of fungal cell wall components by interrupting the weak interactions between them, such as hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. Propidium iodide (PI) staining indicated that on exposure to CF66I C. albicans cells became permeable to PI. Marked alterations in lipid and sterol contents were observed, and the major changes were a depletion of total lipids and ergosterol, concomitant with an increase in lanosterol content. These observations suggested that the novel compound CF66I may have considerable potential for development of a new class of antifungal agents.     

Isolation and characterization of a novel Burkholderia cepacia with strong antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani

Strain CF-66 with strong antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from compost samples. It is clearly demonstrated that strain CF-66 is belonging to Burkholderia cepacia complex by the morphological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence. The B. cepacia complex consists of a group of bacteria currently organized into nine genomovars, among them genomovar II and genomovar III, contain the highly epidemic strains. However, it was known that strain CF-66 is not a member of genomovar II or III of the B. cepacia complex by species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. In this study, the antifungal compound CF66I produced by strain CF-66 was purified and characterized. Based on the nuclear magnetic resonance, GC-MS spectral and infrared spectral data, CF66I was confirmed to have amide bonds, α-metyl fatty acid, bromine, and some structural units such as CH₂CH₂O. CF66I is stable to high temperature, proteolytic enzymes, and organic solvents. CF66I inhibit the growth of a variety of plant pathogenic fungi and pathogenic yeast, whereas bacterial cells are unaffected. CF66I mainly reduced hyphal extension rates in a dose-dependent manner and induced severe change in cell morphology that resulted in swelled and formed very short hyphae with multiple branches.     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌发酵产抗菌物质CF66I温度控制策略

在3.7 L发酵罐中考察了不同温度23℃～33℃对洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF-66发酵产抗菌物质CF66I的影响,并对不同温度下的发酵过程进行了动力学特性分析。在此基础之上,提出抗菌物质CF66I合成的分阶段控制策略：发酵过程0～20 h控制温度在30℃,20 h后温度控制在25℃至发酵结束。采用此温度控制策略进行了CF66I的发酵,CF66I的活性达到了3.783 u/mL,比采用单一温度下的最大值提高了26.1%。     

Isolation and Characterization of a Pseudomonas Strain That Restricts Growth of Various Phytopathogenic Fungi

The characterization of a novel Pseudomonas strain exhibiting antagonism towards many important corn fungal pathogens is presented. This strain was isolated from the caryopses of the grass Tripsacum dactyloides and was identified as Pseudomonas cepacia. The antagonistic activity is due to the production of an antifungal compound. The chromatographic properties of this partially purified compound isolated from growth medium differ from those reported previously for other pseudomonads. The suppression of the growth of economically important phytopathogens by this strain and by the partially purified compound indicates a potential biocontrol agent.     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia cepacia）CF-66发酵生产新型抗菌物质CF66I培养基的优化

利用基于统计学的实验设计RSM（Response surface methodology）优化了Burkholderia cepacia CF-66产新型抗菌活性物质CF66I的发酵培养基组成。首先,用部分重复因子实验对培养基组分NH4Cl,MgSO4·7H2O,柠檬酸钠及酵母粉浓度对菌株产CF66I的影响进行评价,找出主要影响因子为柠檬酸钠和酵母粉。两者均为正影响,其他组分对CF66I活性的影响不显著。其次用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域。最后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。菌株在优化培养基中培养较初始培养基CF66I活性提高了约两倍。     

Environmental factors affecting the antagonism of Pseudomonas cepacia against Trichoderma viride.

Antagonistic activity of the bacterium Pseudomonas cepacia against Trichoderma viride was greatly influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. Xylose and trehalose strongly enhanced the antifungal activity of P. cepacia, whereas mannitol and glucose had little effect. The carbon sources that enhanced the antagonistic activity also inhibited sporulation of T. viride. Antagonism of P. cepacia was enhanced by ammonium nitrogen; however, with nitrite or nitrate there was only a little antagonism. The antagonism of P. cepacia was optimal at pH 5.0. Although P. cepacia showed maximum antagonism against T. viride at 37 degrees C, the antagonism was fairly good at temperatures as low as 18 degrees C, indicating that there is a broad range of temperature for the antifungal activity of P. cepacia.     

Cyclosporin C is the main antifungal compound produced by Acremonium luzulae.

A strain of Acremonium luzulae (Fuckel) W. Gams was selected in screening new microorganisms for biological control of fruit postharvest diseases, especially gray and blue mold diseases on apples and strawberries. This strain manifests a very strong activity against a large number of phytopathogenic fungi. In this work, the product responsible for this antifungal activity was isolated from modified Sabouraud dextrose broth cultures of A. luzulae. It was purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase column chromatography. On the basis of UV, infrared, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, mass spectral analysis, and the amino acid composition of the acid hydrolysates, the antibiotic was determined to be cyclosporin C. Cyclosporin C showed a broad-spectrum activity against filamentous phytopathogenic fungi but no activity against bacteria or yeasts. Its antifungal activity is only fungistatic. In contrast to Tolypocladium inflatum, another cyclosporin-producing strain, A. luzulae, did not produce additional cyclosporins. This was confirmed by in vivo-directed biosynthesis.     

Identification of clinical isolates of Burkholderia cepacia and assessment of their pathogenicity in animal experiments

In experiments on animals study of pathogenicity of 9 clinical strains of Burkholderia cepacia isolated from patients with chronic lung diseases was performed. Preliminary identification of studied strains by means of biochemical and genetic methods allowed to establish their belonging to B. cepacia species. It was determined that 6 of 9 strains are epidemiologically significant. Experiments showed that bacteria of studied strains are not able to cause infectious process in white mice and hamadryas baboons. Conclusion about appropriateness of development and use of other biological models was made.