Metabolism of ent-kaurenol-[17-14C], ent-kaurenal-[17-14C] and ent-kaurenoic acid-[17-14C] by germinating Hordeum distichon grains

Subcellular fractions from germinated barley embryos, chloroplast preparations and whole germinating barley grains are able to carry out the conversions ent-kaurenol → ent-kaurenal → ent-kaurenoic acid → ent-hydroxykaurenoic acid, the initial steps of the biosynthetic pathway to gibberellins. Whole grains, and chloroplasts to a slight extent, incorporate radioactivity from ent-kaurenol-[17-¹⁴C] and ent-kaurenoic acid-[17-¹⁴C] into materials with similar but distinct properties from the gibberellins GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₇.     

Determination of estrogens by radioimmunoassay with antibodies to estrogen-C6-conjugates. I. Synthesis of estrone-, estradiol-17 -, and estriol-6-albumin conjugates

6-oxoestriol 6-carboxymethoxime, 6-oxoestradiol-17beta 6-carboxymethoxime, and 6-oxoestrone 6-carboxymethoxime were prepared and each was coupled to bovine serum albumin by means of the mixed anhydride technique. Standard methods were used to characterize the reaction products and intermediates. The results indicate that the estrone-, estradiol-17beta-, and estriol-6-albumin conjugates, as prepared in this study, can be used as antigens which induce specific antibodies to the corresponding haptens.