赤霉素固态发酵溶剂提取工艺研究

就赤霉素固发酵的溶剂提取工艺的设计原理,溶剂选择、工艺路线的确定以及工艺参数的选定进行了较系统的试验分析研究,确定了比较切合实际、符合生产要求的最佳工艺,为工业化大生产提供了依据。     

水稻恶苗病菌对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗药性分子机理研究初探

用真菌β－微管蛋白基因的丰余寡聚核苷酸引物Ｂ１和Ｂ３,扩增了一段８７１ｂｐ的水稻恶苗病菌Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ的β－微管蛋白基因片段,进行了克隆和ＤＮＡ序列测定,并根据该序设计了Ｆ．ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ β－微管蛋白基因的特异性测序引物。经过对恶苗病菌对多菌灵具有不同抗性水平菌株的β－微管蛋白基因核苷酸序的比较研究,表明Ｆ．ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ的β－微管蛋白的１６５,１９８。     

赤霉素固体发酵研究

赤霉素固体发酵研究张志群,王兰,娄莉青（辽宁省分析测试研究中心沈阳,１１００１５）项勇,奚若明（沈阳药科大学）赤霉素（Ｇｉｂｂｅｒｅｌｌｉｎ）是由水稻恶苗病菌（Ｇｉｂｂｅ,ｅｌｌａｆ。ｊｉｂ。ｒｏｔ）产生的多组仿植物生长激素,具有刺激细胞伸长作用等一...     

四种真菌油脂提取方法的比较研究

采用索氏法、超临界CO2萃取法、酸热法和有机溶剂法分别提取雅致枝霉、拉曼被孢霉、少根根霉、畸雌腐霉和橙黄红酵母的油脂,从样品要求、最小样品量、仪器要求、处理样品能力及油脂得率等方面对4种提取方法进行综合评价,并对索氏法、超临界CO2萃取法和酸热法提取的雅致枝霉油脂的脂肪酸组成进行气相色谱分析。索氏法的油脂得率最高,但耗时较长;超临界CO2萃取法和酸热法的油脂得率相近,较索氏法略低,但酸热法更为简便,单位时间内样品处理能力强;有机溶剂法提取效果最差。我们建立的酸热法是一种适合油脂及多水饱和脂肪酸高产菌株筛选的简便、有效的真菌油脂提取方法。     

吸附法提取赤霉素工艺研究

介绍一种用大网格聚合物吸附剂从发酵液中分离、提取赤霉素的新工艺。通过树脂筛选、定向合成,到动态吸附容量测定、吸附、解吸和结晶条件等的研究,最后合成了一种对赤霉素动态吸附容量较高(达41.1mg/ml湿吸附剂),与国外Amberlite XAD-4相当的吸附剂GD-46。该吸附剂在最佳条件下对赤霉素结晶收率可达55—57%,总收率达80%,比原萃取工艺提高10%。并总结了一条在生产上可行,技术上先进的工艺流程,供工厂企业选用。     

脱脂对不同生长期苜蓿膳食纤维含量及其提取得率的影响

目的：研究脱脂对苜蓿膳食纤维含量、构成及其提取得率的影响,为该方法在苜蓿膳食纤维提取中的合理应用提供科学依据。方法：以初花期和结荚期苜蓿草粉为原料,研究脱脂前后苜蓿草粉中膳食纤维含量、构成及其提取得率的变化规律。结果：苜蓿膳食纤维以水不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）为主,开花后苜蓿IDF含量占膳食纤维总量（TDF）的90%以上;脱脂后的初花期和结荚期苜蓿草粉中,IDF含量分别达72.88%、73.62%,比脱脂前分别提高61.38%、38.12%;IDF在TDF中的比例分别由90.09%、92.82%提高至95.19%、95.71%,IDF提取得率分别达61.52%、72.11%,比脱脂前分别提高69.94%、48.62%;脱脂过程中水溶性膳食纤维（SDF）流失严重、含量降低,SDF提取得率下降92.68%和92.29%。结论：脱脂方法适用于结荚期苜蓿IDF提取原料的前处理,但不适于苜蓿SDF的提取。     

发酵液中曲酸的提取方法比较

190 7年斋滕在蒸米发酵物中发现曲酸(Ｋｏｊｉｃａｃｉｄ)。 1 92 4年 ,薮田测定了曲酸的结构[1,2 ] ,化学名称为 5 -羟基——— 2 -羟甲基- 1 ,4吡喃酮 ,相对分子质量 1 42 .1。曲酸具有抑菌能力、抗氧化性、与金属离子螯合作用等性质 ,因此在食品中可作为防腐剂、保鲜剂、护色剂 ;曲酸具有抑制黑色素生成酶———酪氨酸酶活性的功能 ,有显著的增白作用 ,现已在美白化妆品、浴剂及牙膏等日化工业中应用[2 ,3] ;它还可作为香料合成的中间体 ,故此国内外近来对曲酸开展了广泛的研究。目前 ,采用发酵法生产曲酸的方法较多 ,对发酵液中曲酸的提…     

金银花不同提取方法的绿原酸比较研究

本文采用了水提法、水提醇沉法、酶解法、醇提法对金银花进行提取,并用紫外分光光度法来测定提取物中绿原酸的含量,依此来比较各种方法的优劣。由实验结果可得：以绿原酸作为指标来考察各种方法的优劣,尤以醇提法较好,绿原酸的含量可达到15.28%;以提取物的得率为指标来考察,以酶解法为最好,提取物的得率可达到37.91%。     

细胞破膜对提取植物有效成分得率影响的研究

本文通过真空破膜法对乌头根、银杏叶、红豆杉茎皮及桔子果皮等材料进行细胞破膜处理,然后通过紫外分光光度计、高压液相色谱以及气相色谱等方法分别对其有效成分滇乌碱、银杏黄酮、紫杉醇以及桔皮精油和其精油中柠檬烯等的含量进行了分析。结果表明:滇乌碱得率由0.59％提高到0.81％;银杏叶中黄酮由1.76％提高到1.91％;红豆杉中紫杉醇由0.0139％提高到0.015％,桔皮挥发油由1.310％提高到1.591％,其中柠檬烯的含量由93.26％提高到95.37％。由此可见,对植物样品的细胞膜处理,在提高有效成分提取得率方面具有较显著作用。     

Gibberellin A59: A New Gibberellin from Canavalia gladiata

Gibberellin A₅₉ has been isolated from immature seeds of Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) and its structure was determined to be Δ²-gibberellin A₂₁ (1).     

Gibberellin Metabolism in Maize (The Stepwise Conversion of Gibberellin A12-Aldehyde to Gibberellin A20

The stepwise metabolism of gibberellin A12-aldehyde (GA12-aldehyde) to GA20 is demonstrated from seedling shoots of maize (Zea mays L.). The labeled substrates [13C,3H]GA12-aldehyde, [13C,3H]GA12, [14C4]GA53, [14C4/2H2]GA44, and [14C4/2H2]GA19 were fed individually to dwarf-5 vegetative shoots. Both [13C,3H]GA12-aldehyde and [13C,3H]GA12 were also added individually to normal shoots. The labeled metabolites were identified by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices. GA12-aldehyde was metabolized to GA53-aldehyde, GA12, GA53, GA44, and GA19; GA12 was metabolized to 2[beta]-hydroxy-GA12, GA53, 2[beta]-hydroxyGA53, GA44, 2[beta]-hydroxyGA44, and GA19; GA53 was metabolized to GA44, GA19, GA20, and GA1; GA44 was metabolized to GA19; and GA19 was metabolized to GA20. These results, together with previously published data from this laboratory, document the most completely defined gibberellin pathway for the vegetative tissues of higher plants.     

Accumulation of Gibberellin A1 and the Metabolism of Gibberellin A9 to Gibberellin A1 in a Phaeosphaeria sp. L487 Culture

Gibberellin A₁ (GA₁), which was identified as the major GA from the GA-producing fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. L487, was accumulated in the culture with a maltose-yeast extract medium, its amount in the culture filtrate being about 50 mg per liter after a 3-week culture. The new fungal biosynthetic pathway to GA₁ from GA₉ via GA₄ was elucidated by feeding experiments with synthetic [17-²H₂]GA₉ and [17-²H₂]GA₄.     

Structure of Gibberellin A40

¹³C NMR spectroscopy was applied to studying lysine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21543, a lysine producing mutant. It was cultured in a medium containing [1-¹³C]glucose or [6–¹³C]glucose as the sole carbon source and the ¹³C NMR spectrum of the culture filtrate was measured. C labeling patterns of l-lysine produced were well explained by the putative metabolic pathways of the bacterium. Fixation of ¹³CO₂ liberated from the labeled substrates and the operation of the tricarboxylate cycle in the fermentation were obviously observed. The dual operations of the classical diaminopimelate pathway and the diaminopimelate dehydrogenase bypath were supported. Calculation of the contribution ratios of the metabolic pathways was attempted.     

全自动直接定量法与定量比值法检测红细胞葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性的比较

目的:与定量比值法比较,探讨全自动直接定量法检测红细胞葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD)活性的可行性。方法:同时采用定量比值法(即硝基四氮唑蓝定量法)和全自动直接定量法,检测219例肝素抗凝静脉血标本的红细胞G-6-PD活性。结果:定量比值法检测G-6-PD缺乏的阳性率为9.13%,全自动直接定量法检测的G-6-PD缺乏阳性率为9.58%,两种方法检测结果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:定量比值法简单易行,适用于卫生条件有限的基层医疗单位;全自动直接定量法快速准确,是一种可批量检测的理想筛选方法。     

Gibberellin A36, Isolation from Gibberella fujikuroi,Structure and Conversion to Gibberellin A37

A cDNA encoding a putative extracellular α-L-arabinofuranosidase was cloned from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea (CcAbf62A). CcAbf62A belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 62 (GH62), but is phylogenetically distinct from previously characterized GH62 enzymes. The recombinant CcAbf62A, expressed in Pichia pastoris, released L-arabinose from both wheat arabinoxylan and oat-spelt xylan. The enzyme activity for wheat arabinoxylan was increased by the addition of CcEst1, a carbohydrate esterase from C. cinerea.     

Gibberellin A(3) Is Biosynthesized from Gibberellin A(20) via Gibberellin A(5) in Shoots of Zea mays L

[17-¹³C,³H]-Labeled gibberellin A₂₀ (GA₂₀), GA₅, and GA₁ were fed to homozygous normal (+/+), heterozygous dominant dwarf (D8/+), and homozygous dominant dwarf (D8/D8) seedlings of Zea mays L. (maize). ¹³C-Labeled GA₂₉, GA₈, GA₅, GA₁, and 3-epi-GA₁, as well as unmetabolized [¹³C]GA₂₀, were identified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) from feeds of [17-¹³C, ³H]GA₂₀ to all three genotypes. ¹³C-Labeled GA₈ and 3-epi-G₁, as well as unmetabolized [¹³C]GA₁, were identified by GC-SIM from feeds of [17-¹³C, ³H]GA₁ to all three genotypes. From feeds of [17-¹³C, ³H]GA₅, ¹³C-labeled GA₃ and the GA₃-isolactone, as well as unmetabolized [¹³C]GA₅, were identified by GC-SIM from +/+ and D8/D8, and by full scan GC-MS from D8/+. No evidence was found for the metabolism of [17-¹³C, ³H]GA₅ to [¹³C]GA₁, either by full scan GC-mass spectrometry or by GC-SIM. The results demonstrate the presence in maize seedlings of three separate branches from GA₂₀, as follows: (a) GA₂₀ → GA₁ → GA₈; (b) GA₂₀ → GA₅ → GA₃; and (c) GA₂₀ → GA₂₉. The in vivo biogenesis of GA₃ from GA₅, as well as the origin of GA₅ from GA₂₀, are conclusively established for the first time in a higher plant (maize shoots).     

Gibberellin A12 Is Converted to Gibberellin A53 in Cultured Cells of Nicotiana tabacum and Catharanthus roseus

The metabolism of GA₁₂ and its precursors was investigated incultured cells of seven cell lines of Nicotiana tabacum andthree cell lines of Catharanthus roseus using ^l4C-labeled substrates.The presence of a metabolic pathway from ent-7-hydroxykaurenoicacid to GA₅₃ via GA₁₂-aldehyde and GA₁₂ was demonstrated inthe cultured cells. GA₁₂ was effectively converted to GA₅₃ incells of BY-2, 2b-4, 2b-13 and CG from N. tabacum. By contrast,GA₅₃ was not converted to any other GAs in all of the linesof cells examined. The metabolism of C₁₉-GAs was also examinedusing ³H-labeled substrates. The conversion of GA₂₀ to GA₂₉and GA, and of GA₄ to GA₃₄ occurred more efficiently in cellsfrom C. roseus than in cells from N. tabacum. However, 13-hydroxylationof GA₄ and GA₉ was not observed in any of the cell culturesexamined. Among the various metabolites, GA₅₃, GA₂₉ and GA₃₄were identified by full-scan GC/MS. (Received December 20, 1990; Accepted May 27, 1991)