1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D2 induces leukemia cell differentiation

This work supported in part by the NIH (USPHS), Council for Tobacco Research, American Institute for Cancer Research, and the Cornell Consolidated and Cornell Biotechnology Program which is sponsored by the New York State Science and Technology Foundation, a consortium of industries, the US Army Research Office and the National Science Foundation.     

Evolutionary games for spatially dispersed populations

An evolutionary game model is developed that incorporates both spatial dispersion and density effects in the evolutionary dynamic. It is shown that a stable equilibrium (e.g. an evolutionarily stable strategy) of the non-dispersed frequency dynamic becomes a stable equilibrium of the larger system if population density stabilizes at these fixed frequencies. It is also shown, by example, that other equilibria, whose frequencies change from one location to another, may appear when dispersal rates are relatively small.Research supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Operating Grant A6187Research supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Operating Grant A7822     

Predator-prey systems with group defence: The paradox of enrichment revisited

The main concern of this paper is with survival or extinction of predators in models of predator-prey systems exhibiting group defence of the prey. It is shown that if there is no mutual interference among predators, enrichment could result in their extinction. However, if there is mutual interference, the predator population survives (at least deterministically). Research partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant No. NSERC A 4823. Research partially supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postdoctoral fellowship.     

Global dynamics of a selection model for the growth of a population with genotypic fertility differences

A population growth model is considered for a one locus two allele problem with selection based entirely on fertility differences. A local stability analysis is carried out for the critical points — which include possible polymorphic states — of the resulting nonlinear differential equations. The methods of dynamical systems theory are applied to obtain limiting genotypic proportions for every initial state. Thus the results are global and there are no periodic solutions.Research for this paper was partially supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant NSERC A-8130Research for this paper was partially supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant NSERC A-4823Research supported by NSF Grant MCS 7901069. A portion of the work was carried out while the author was a Visiting Professor at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah     

Levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer

Summary The usefulness of LMS in postoperative immunochemotherapy of gastric cancer was investigated. In compliance with the protocol, MMC was given at a dose of 20 mg on the day of gastrectomy, and an additional 10 mg on the next day IV. The patients receiving 600 mg Tegafur daily were then divided into two groups according to whether LMS was also given or not. LMS was administered for 3 days before the operation in a daily dose of 150 mg and for 1 year or more after operation according to a schedule of 3 days' administration followed by an 11-day interval. The 2-year follow-up demonstrated that in stage III patients, the LMS (+) regimen was superior to the LMS (–) regimen, since the former prolonged the relapse-free interval significantly. The survival rate for stage III disease was also significantly higher in the LMS (+) than in the LMS (–) group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of subjective or objective side-effects between two groups. The incidence of agranulocytosis was comparable in the two groups.Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan Levamisole Research AssociationChairmen of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan LMS Research AssociationController of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan LMS Research AssociationMembers of the Data Collection and Analysis SubcommitteeThis study was carried out by the Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Japan LMS Research Association (directed by Prof. Kiyoshi Inokuchi, Dept. of Surgery, Kyushu University and Prof. Eiro Tsubura, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Tokushima University). The results were presented in part at the 19th General Meeting of the Japanese Society for Gastroenterological Surgery in February, 1982     

Calcium and inositol trisphosphate receptors

Work from the authors' laboratory is supported by the Wellcome Trust, and the Medical, and Agricultural and Food Research Councils. CWT is a Lister Institute Research Fellow.     

Models of competition in the chemostat with instantaneous and delayed nutrient recycling

Two models for competition of two populations in a chemostat environment with nutrient recycling are considered. In the first model, the recycling is instantaneous, whereas in the second, the recycling is delayed. For each model an equilibrium analysis is carried out, and persistence criteria are obtained. This paper extends the work done by Beretta et al. (1990) for a single species.Research partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant NSERC A4823Research carried out at the University of Alberta while on a Canada-China Scholarly Exchange Program     

New draft code for research involving humans proved a major challenge.

A new draft code of conduct for research involving humans aims to bring a fresh vision to the ethics field. The code is a joint endeavour of the Medical Research Council, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and supersedes all three agencies'' earlier ethics statements. Once the draft code is revised and approved, likely by the end of the year, investigators will have a more refined understanding of the ethical limits of acceptable research.     

Ageing changes in human muscle and bone in relation to oral function and general health

The Symposium was held on the 26 June 1998 at the Annual meeting of the IADR in Nice. It was “sponsored” by the Geriatric Oral Research Group, the Prosthodontics, Neuroscience, Nutrition & Implantology Research Groups of the IADR and notably it was generously supported by Unilever Dental Research     

Phenolic Compounds from the Fruits of Prunus davidiana (Rosaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activities

This research was supported by Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ014204032019) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2020R1A6A3A01100042).     

Purification and properties of two distinct groups of ADH isozymes from Chinese hamster liver

Two major classes of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes have been purified from Chinese hamster liver. The two isozyme classes have the same subunit molecular weights but different electrophoretic mobilities. They have a similar range of substrates but different KROM values and sensitivities to the inhibitor pyrazole. The ADHs are immunologically related as determined by Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments. These results suggest that the isozymes are encoded by different structural gene loci derived from a common ancestral gene.Financial support was provided by the National Cancer Institute of Canada and the Medical Research Council of Canada, Grant MT4860. J.-P. Thirion is a Research Scholar of the Science Research Council of Quebec.     

Peroxidase-dependent oxidation of tyrosine or dopa to melanin in neurons

Summary Peroxidase activity was demonstrated in guinea pig frontal lobe by histochemical methods, and was correlated with peroxidase-dependent enzymatic synthesis of melanin from tyrosine or dopa. Peroxidase activity and peroxidase-dependent melanin synthesis appeared to be mainly in lysosomes of neurons. These findings open the possibility that peroxidase may have a role in catecholamine, lipofuscin and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain.Supported by USPHS Grant T1 AM 5220, The General Research Support Fund, Boston City Hospital, and the General Research Fund and Pathology Research Fund, St. Vincent Hospital.     

Man/machine interaction in adaptively controlled experimental conditions

Systems in which a human subject interacts with an adaptive control mechanism through display and response facilities are examined. A cybernetic model is discussed, together with supporting experimental data. The research reported in this paper has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under Contract AF. 61.052.640. (for Cybernetic models for learning) and by the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories A.F.C.S., under contract AF. 61.052.402. (for adaptive teaching systems), through the European Office for Aerospace Research.     

Specific antigen and organelle expression of a long-term rhesus endothelial cell line

Summary A long-term culture of a spontaneously transformed endothelial cell line derived from the choroid-retina of a rhesus macaque fetus is reported. It has been carried in vitro by serial propagation more than 548 passages in 17 yr. Cells were identified as being of endothelial origin by cellular morphology, growth pattern, ultrastructure, immunocytochemistry (immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase), and immunodiffusion. The transformants are characterized by (a) an infinite life span, (b) a changed expression of Factor VIII-related antigen, and (c) chromosomal aberrations. Throughout long-term serial passages and after repeated freeze-storage, thawing, and reculture the cells retain the specific organelles, Weibel-Palade bodies, and most of the other characteristic morphologic features. For this long-term cultured endothelial cell line, Weibel-Palade bodies seem to be a more reliable marker than Factor VIII-related antigen. This is publication No. 1475 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center. Research was supported by grant RR-00163 from Animal Resources Branch, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health; by NIH grant EY02086, basic research support grant from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, and the Collins Medical Trust.     

Assessment of the effectiveness of different methoods of immunization with live plague vaccine EB in aerosol infections]

The work deals with the results of the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccines developed at the Sanitary Research Institute (Zagorsk) and the Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), as well as two methods of immunization against plague, by inhalation and subcutaneous injection, under the conditions of aerosol infection. The immunogenic effectiveness of both vaccines, when evaluated in terms of LD50, was shown to be approximately the same, but the animals immunized by the inhalation method with the vaccine developed at the Sanitary Research Institute proved to be less susceptible to infection than those immunized with the vaccine developed at the Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera in Moscow. After immunization by the inhalation method the vaccine developed at the Sanitary Research Institute rendered more effective protection (3- to 4-fold) against aerosol infection than after immunization by subcutaneous injection. The animals immunized by the inhalation method proved to be capable of surviving plague in the primary pneumonic form.     

Adrenergic nerves in the pars intermedia of the pituitary in the toad,Bufo arenarum

Summary By means of a highly sensitive and specific histochemical method for the demonstration of certain biogenic monoamines a plexus of nerves containing a primary catecholamine has been demonstrated in the pars intermedia of the toad, Bufo arenarum. These nerves are restricted in distribution to the part of the gland which contains colloid vesicles (stored MSH ?) in the cells. The view is put forward, based on the results of pharmacological and surgical experiments, that the adrenergic nerves inhibit the release of the MSH from the pars intermedia. The origin of the nerves in the brain is unknown, but experiments with lesions have shown that it is not to be found in the nucleus periventricularis arcuatus.The research reported in this document has been sponsored by the Swedish Medical Research Council and by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council.Research fellow of the Commission of Scientific Research of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.     

Wartime research on malaria chemotherapy

Malaria was a major problem for the opposing forces in World War II. During the first year of operations in the South West Pacific the casualties caused by this disease greatly exceeded the numbers of battle casualties. In response to this situation comprehensive research and development programs to discover new antimalarial drugs were undertaken in the United States and Britain. In both countries compounds synthesised by co-operating chemical laboratories were screened against bird malaria and those with high activity and low toxicity were tested in man. The wartime program in America was funded by the Office of Scientific Research and Development and co-ordinated through a specially designated body under the Committee on Medical Research of the National Research Council. It was an enormous undertaking involving a massive co-operative effort between pharmacologists, chemists, and clinical research scientists from American universities, the US Public Health Service, and the laboratories of commercial pharmaceutical companies. The British program, on a much smaller scale, was based on a co-operative arrangement between the research laboratories of Imperial Chemical Industries at Manchester, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the British Medical Research Council. The wartime programs in both countries identified a number of promising leads but lacked the resources to permit their rapid clinical evaluation against field strains of human malaria. This deficiency was overcome by experiments conducted by the Land Headquarters Medical Research Unit of the Australian Army in Cairns, Queensland with the use of army volunteers. Large scale clinical trials of the most promising compounds which emerged from the American and British programs were carried out in Australia. This co-operative endeavour among allied scientists resulted in a range of new drugs which have had an enduring influence on malaria chemotherapy.     

Gravity related features of plant growth behavior studied with rotating machines

Research in plant physiology consists mostly of studies on plant growth because almost everything a plant does is done by growing. Most aspects of plant growth are strongly influenced by the earth's gravity vector. Research on those phenomena address scientific questions specifically about how plants use gravity to guide their growth processes.     

Inhibition of dark repair of ultraviolet damage in DNA by caffeine and 8-chlorocaffeine. Kinetics of inhibition

Summary The inhibition of dark repair by caffeine and 8-chlorocaffeine was investigated by a cellular enzyme kinetics system. The results suggest that the caffeine and 8-chlorocaffeine act by inhibiting the excision enzyme of the dark repair system.This work was supported by National Insitutes of Health Research Grant AI-05340, the University of Kansas Research Fund, and N.I.H. Training Grant 5 T1 GM-73.     

Primary culture and mRNA analysis of human ovarian cells

Established cell lines are invaluable for studying cell and molecular biological questions. A variety of human ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines exist, however, most have acquired significant genetic alterations from their cells of origin, including deletion of important cell cycle regulatory genes. In order to analyze signaling events related to cell cycle control in human OC, we have modified existing protocols for isolating and culturing OC cells from patient ascites fluid and normal ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells from benign ovarian tissue sections. These cells maintain an epithelial phenotype and can be manipulated experimentally for several passages before cellular senescence. An example using TGF1 treatment of OC cells to examine signaling and target gene activation is presented. This work is supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of Canada with funds from the Canadian Cancer Society (#13631), the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, and by Cancer Research and Education (CaRE) Nova Scotia with funding from the Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. L.D.D. is supported by the Rossetti Studentship for Cancer Research with funds from the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation, T.G.S. is supported by a CaRE Fellowship with funding from the Canadian Cancer Society, and M.W.N is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Scholar. Published: October 28, 2002.