MacELISA、RPHI和IFAT用于流行性出血热早期诊断的比较

比较了IgM捕获ELISA(MacELISA)、反向间接血凝抑制试验(RPHI)和间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFAT)检测流行性出血热(EHF)病人血清特异性抗体的结果。MacELISA对急性期血清IgM抗体的阳性检出率与RPHI对总抗体的阳性检出率相近,两法都具有较高的敏感性。而IFAT检测IgG抗体的阳性率则较低。总抗体滴度(RPHI)与IgG抗体滴度(IFAT)相关(r=0.542,P<0.01),而与IgM抗体滴度(MacELISA)无明显相关(r<0.1)。但进一步研究发现,3日内血清IgM抗体滴度与总抗体滴度(RPHI)存在相关关系(r=0.701,P<0.01),表明IgM抗体可能也与发病初期RPHI的较高的阳性检出率有关。本工作表明,MacELISA作为一种早期诊断方法具有高度的特异性和敏感性,而RPHI操作简便、快速、敏感性高,但存在一定的非特异性。研究还发现,流行区临床诊断为EHF的病人,IFAT(IgG)和RPHI检测均阳性,而MacELISA(IgM)阴性,提示用RPHI进行血清学诊断时,检查双份血清是必要的。     

内蒙地区发热患者血清中冠状病毒抗体的检测

目的分析内蒙地区发热患者中冠状病毒的感染情况。方法以SARS冠状病毒感染Vero细胞涂片为冠状病毒抗原片,用间接免疫荧光法分别检测55例发热患者和68例正常人血清中冠状病毒的IgG、IgM抗体。结果发热患者血清中冠状病毒IgG抗体和IgM抗体阳性率分别为29.1%(16/55)和10.9%(6/55),而正常人血清中只检测到2.9%(2/68)的IgG抗体,且未检测到IgM抗体,2组患者的IgG和IgM抗体阳性率比较差异均有显著性;随机选取7例患者的IgG阳性血清进行SRAS冠状病毒的特异性抗体封闭实验,结果有6例血清仍为阳性,有1例血清转为阴性,说明冠状病毒IgG抗体阳性血清中85.7%为普通冠状病毒特异性,14.3%为SARS冠状病毒特异性。结论普通冠状病毒是内蒙地区发热患者的主要病原体之一,部分患者还存在SARS冠状病毒的既往感染。     

念珠菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体在肺念珠菌病中的诊断价值

目的:评价念珠菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体在肺念珠菌病中的诊断价值。方法:入选2017-09-01～2018-03-31住院患者76例,其中临床诊断肺念珠菌病患者8例、拟诊诊断肺念珠菌病患者13例、非念珠菌病患者55例(曲霉菌病患者12例、非真菌病患者28例、未确定病原菌患者15例);用胶体金法念珠菌特异性IgM和IgG抗体检测患者血液标本,与血清G实验和肺泡灌洗液(BALF)G实验比较,分析IgM和IgG抗体检测在诊断肺念珠菌病中的价值。结果:76例患者全部行IgM和IgG抗体检测,IgM抗体检测阳性33例,IgG抗体检测阳性22例;38例患者行血清G实验检测,阳性1例;35例患者行BALF G实验检测,阳性15例。检测灵敏度、特异度和Youden指数,IgM抗体检测分别为100.0%、64.2%和0.642,IgG抗体检测分别为87.5%、77.9%和0.654,血清G实验分别为0%、97.1%和-0.029,BALF G实验分别为83.3%、65.4%和0.487。结论:IgM抗体检测诊断肺念珠菌病的灵敏度高,可作为高危患者的筛查指标;IgG抗体检测灵敏度和特异度均较高,可作为诊断肺念珠菌病的指标。     

41例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者血清抗体检测分析

目的比较新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19)不同临床分型患者血清中新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)特异性IgM和IgG抗体的差异和不同时期的浓度变化,并以抗体水平变化判断核酸复阳是否为二次感染。方法选取2020年2—3月南华大学附属南华医院收治的41例COVID-19患者,共收集其患病15-65天血清标本126份;作为对照,同时选取91例发热门诊核酸检测阴性患者采集血清各1份。采用化学发光免疫分析法(chemiluminescence immunoassay, CLIA)检测血清中新冠病毒IgM和IgG抗体水平,经组间t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验对抗体浓度变化进行统计学分析。结果无症状感染者IgM和IgG抗体平均浓度高于阴性对照组,低于普通型和重型患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);普通型患者IgM和IgG抗体浓度均低于重型患者,IgM抗体差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但IgG抗体差异没有统计学意义(P=0.06);COVID-19患者急性期的IgM和IgG抗体浓度均高于康复期,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。复阳后,患者体内IgM和IgG抗体浓度没有增加,持续下降。结论 COVID-19患者的SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体浓度,依无症状感染、普通型、重症型患者临床类型逐次升高,康复期逐渐降低,但大部分体内仍存在较高水平的IgG抗体。核酸复阳之后的SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体浓度并未增高,说明未发生二次感染。     

尿素解离法降低新型冠状病毒IgM和IgG检测结果假阳性的效果评价

探讨引起新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体检测结果假阳性的干扰因素,改良检测方法,完善实验室检测方案。本研究收集2020年1月2日至2020年3月5日就诊于川北医学院附属医院及南充市中心医院的门诊及住院患者血清样本共74份,其中19例为SARS-CoV-2核酸检测确诊阳性,10例为其他呼吸道病毒IgM抗体阳性,10例肝炎病毒抗体IgM阳性,20例类风湿因子IgM阳性,15例抗核抗体阳性。采用胶体金免疫层析法(试剂A、试剂B)分别对研究对象血清进行SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体检测,并对结果为SARS-CoV-2 IgM或SARS-CoV-2 IgG阳性的病例进行分析,发现造成检测结果假阳性的可能因素。再采用合适浓度的尿素对检测为阳性结果的血清及3例SARS-CoV-2 IgM阳性的COVID-19早期患者血清进行解离,解离后分别重新测定SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体。采用SPSS19.0统计软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果显示,19例COVID-19确诊患者血清中,试剂A检出SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体阳...     

胶体金免疫层析法检测新型冠状病毒IgM/IgG抗体的临床评价与应用

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染暴发流行已成为全球公共卫生事件,急需快速有效的现场诊断试剂。为探讨SARS-CoV-2病毒IgM/IgG抗体胶体金免疫层析法检测效果及临床应用价值,本研究选取304例新冠肺炎临床诊断病例、114例SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阴性的正常人(138)及其他发热伴呼吸道症状病例(64),采用胶体金法对采自上述病例的血浆或血清标本进行IgM和IgG抗体检测,并选取部分病例进行了全血和血浆或血清标本的检测同源性比较,进一步对304例临床诊断病例的病毒核酸、IgM/IgG抗体的时间分布进行了分析。结果显示,304临床诊断病例中,SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性病例为105例,胶体金法检测SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体的敏感性分别为76.2%(80/105)和86.6%(91/105),IgM/IgG抗体阳性总体符合率为96.1%(101/105);核酸、抗体均为阴性者为73例;其余126例临床诊断病例中,IgM阳性率为69.2%(87/126),IgG阳性率为98.3%(125/126),IgM/IgG总体符合率为100%(126/126)。健康人...     

捕捉法ELISA检测脊髓灰质炎IgA抗体方法的建立与应用

建立了一种检测脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)IgA抗体的捕捉法ELISA(Aac-ELISA)。方法敏感,快速,特异,用于检测144份脊灰可疑病人的血清,IgA抗体检出率为77.8％(112/144).而这些血清的IgM抗体检出率为65.2％(94/144)。如同时检测IgM和IgA抗体,则阳性率可达91.7％(132/144)。麻痹后1～3天内IgA的检出率为76.5％(13/17),4～7天内为95％(19/20)。最长检出IgA的一例可疑病人,其血清收集于病后第59天。本方法在一部分16天后可疑病人IgM阴性血清中查出IgA阳性,故可以作为查IgM抗体诊断方法的补充,尤其适用于诊断感染后未能及时收到血清标本,IgM已经转阴而IgA抗体仍为阳性的病人。     

肺炎支原体IgG类抗体亲和力检测的实验研究与临床应用

目的探讨肺炎支原体IgG类抗体亲和力检测在肺炎支原体感染诊断中的意义。方法用被动颗粒凝集试验(PPA)和间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测儿童上呼吸道感染者血清IgM类抗体水平,同时用IFA法检测其IgG类抗体的亲和力,并对检测结果进行相关性分析和一致性检验。结果在IgM类抗体检测上PPA法检出阳性率(60/120)高于IFA法(49/120),两法检测结果缺乏一致性。而IFA法检测IgG类抗体阳性的97例中,有22例检出低亲和力IgG类抗体,其中20例同时检出IgM类抗体,两法检测结果具有显著的相关性(P<0.001)和较好的一致性(0.7>Kappa>0.4)。结论肺炎支原体低亲和力IgG类抗体检测有与IgM类抗体检测类似的早期诊断价值,可与IgM类抗体联合检测用于区分近期感染、感染后复发或再次感染。     

嗜肺军团菌和弯曲杆菌在间接荧光抗体试验中的血清学交叉反应

50名培养证实弯曲杆菌胃肠炎的患者血清中作了嗜肺军团菌抗体检查。间接免疫荧光试验检测有10名患者(20％)出现阳性滴度(≥16)。36份急性期患者血清只有1份检测到抗体,而14份在症状出现10天以上获得的血清中却有10份(71％)有抗体。所有阳性血清均含有特异性IgM抗体而特异性IgG或IgA未能在任何标本中检测到。从42例类似沙门氏菌胃肠炎病人血清中未能检测到军团菌抗体。这些结果显示在嗜肺军团菌和弯曲杆菌之间有血清学交叉反应。     

大学新生戊型肝炎病毒现/近期隐性感染的筛查

为了解大学新生戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)现/近期隐性感染的状况,探讨引起隐性感染与急性戊型肝炎(HE)的HEV毒株间有无差异,本实验利用ELISA一步法检测了正常大学新生血清标本中抗-HEV IgM,对抗-HEV IgM阳性者检测抗-HEV IgG,并进行HEV逆转录-巢式PCR(RT-nPCR). 结果2223份血清中抗-HEV IgM阳性18份,阳性率0.8%,P/N值在2.0~3.0之间.17份标本抗-HEV IgM、IgG同时阳性,1份抗-HEV IgM单独阳性,但用RT-nPCR检测抗-HEV IgM阳性标本, HEV RNA均阴性.提示正常大学新生中存在HEV现/近期隐性感染,应注意感染者作为传染源的可能性;HEV隐性感染时,产生的抗体滴度或亲和力较低,病毒血症时间短,病毒滴度低,或毒株的基因序列与引起急性HE的毒株的序列有一定差异.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.