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1.
Plant regeneration from callus cultures of several soybean genotypes via embryogenesis and organogenesis 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Using callus derived from immature embryos, regeneration of viable plants was obtained in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Depending on the composition of the medium, regeneration occurred via embryogenesis or via organogenesis. Embryogenesis resulted when embryos were plated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 43 M -naphthaleneacetic acid. In work with the cultivar Williams 82, the addition of 5.0 M thiamine HCl increased embryogenesis from 33% to 58% of the embryos plated. Addition of 30 M nicotinic acid to the MS medium enhanced embryogenesis further to 76%. Organogenesis was obtained when medium containing 13.3 M 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.2 M and -naphthaleneacetic acid and four times the normal concentration of MS minor salts was used. Histological studies of these cultures confirmed the organogenic and embryogenic nature of the cultures, by demonstrating the formation of shoot buds and somatic embryos, respectively. Similar responses were obtained in all 54 genotypes tested in this manner. The cultures retained the ability to regenerate complete plants for at least 12 months and 12–15 subcultures. Seeds have been obtained from several regenerated plants and when grown in the field these produced normal-appearing fertile plants.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetio acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Shoog (1962) medium
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid 相似文献
2.
Unpollinated ovaries of Hyoscyamus muticus L. (commonly known as Egyptian henbane) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog and Bourgin and Nitsch media supplemented with
various growth hormones to study the organogenesis, embryogenesis and regeneration of plantlets. Embryogenesis was reported
for callus grown on both media containing 0.05 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. Differentiation of roots and shoots from the calli also occurred
in these media. Albinism or chlorophyll deficiency and variation in ploidy level were observed among the ovary-derived plantlets.
Received: 7 April 1997 / Revised received: 2 August 1997 / Accepted: 2 September 1997 相似文献
3.
The production of callus capable of plant regeneration from immature embryos of numerous Zea mays genotypes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the summer of 1983, immature embryos from 101 selfed inbred lines and germplasm stocks of Zea mays L. were examined for their ability to produce callus cultures capable of plant regeneration (regenerable cultures) using a medium with which some limited success had previously been obtained. Forty-nine of the genotypes (49%) produced callus which visually appeared similar to callus previously cultured and shown to be capable of plant regeneration. After five months, 38 of these genotypes were alive in culture and plants were subsequently regenerated from 35 (92%) of them. No correlation was observed between plant regeneration and callus growth rate, the vivipary mutation (genes vp1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 9), or published vigor ratings based on K+ uptake by roots. When F1 hybrid embryos were cultured, 97% of the hybrids having at least one regenerable parent also produced callus capable of plant regeneration. No regenerable cultures were obtained from any hybrid lacking a parent capable of producing a regenerable callus culture.In the summer of 1984, immature embryos from 218 additional inbred lines and germplasm stocks were plated and examined for their ability to produce regenerable callus cultures on media containing altered micronutrient concentrations, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), glucose, and elevated levels of vitamin-free casamino acids and thiamine. Of these genotypes 199 (91%) produced callus that was regenerable in appearance. In the 1984 study, plant regeneration was noted in many commercially important inbreds, including B73, Mo17, B84, A632, A634, Ms71, W117, H993H95 and Cm105. Thus tissue-culture techniques are now available to obtain callus cultures capable of plant regeneration from immature embryos of most maize genotypes.Abbreviations trade names 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- dicamba
3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid 相似文献
4.
M. Cristina Pedroso M. Salom Pais 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1995,31(1):31-35
Summary Two methods (I and II) for somatic embryo production from embryogenic suspension cultures ofCamellia japonica are presented. Method I, embryogenic suspension cultures, was established from suspension cultures initiated from leaf-derived
callus. These cultures were maintained by reducing agitation and increasing subculture interval. Induction of somatic embryogenesis
was achieved in MS28 medium, 6, 12, 24, and 36 mo. after culture establishment. Embryo production decreased after 1 yr of
culture. Method II, suspensions of single embryogenic cells and proembryos, was obtained from leaves cultured in liquid MS13
medium 6 wk after culture initiation. Embryo production was 23 embryos/ml. Germination of cell suspension-derived embryos
on MS56 medium was 16.7 % (±4.2%) for method I, and 35.4% (±5.1%) for method II. The embryos germinated into
plantlets with 0 to 7 axillary shoots. 相似文献
5.
J. P. Ranch L. Oglesby A. C. Zielinski R. B. Horsch 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1985,21(11):653-658
Summary Routine regeneration of fertile plants from a tissue culture of soybean has been achieved. Serially propagated embryogenic
cultures were initiated from immature embryos of many genotypes. Organized tissues developed only on the cotyledons of embryos.
Genotypic variation in the frequency of initiation of embryogenic tissue was noted. However, embryogenic tissue cultures were
generated from all genotypes tested. Embryogenic tissue was serially increased and underwent morphogenesis. Whole fertile
plants were recovered. Cultures have been maintained for two years without loss of morphogenic competency.
Editor's Statement This procedure for initiating embryogenic tissue cultures from commerical cultivars of soybean and the
subsequent development of fertile plants establishes a framework for studying the processes of embryogenesis and embryogenyin vitro as well as providing a system for tissue culture propagation and in vitro modification of soybean. Robert B. Horsch 相似文献
6.
Derek W. R. White 《Planta》1984,162(1):1-7
A genotype of Trifolium repens L. capable of sustaining high-frequency plant regeneration from long-term (24-month old) cell cultures has been selected. Numerous densely cytoplasmic meristemoids were formed in suspension cultures following the coordinate removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) from the medium and an increase in the NH
4
+
concentration. Some meristemoids arose from single cells in culture. Increasing the NH
4
+
concentration in the medium resulted in increased meristemoid formation and decreased the growth rate. Ammonium stimulated meristemoid formation when it was the sole source of nitrogen only if a lethal shift in the pH of the medium was prevented. Meristemoids plated on hormone-free agar medium developed directly into shoots which spontaneously formed roots.Abbreviations 2,4-D
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige-Skoog (1962) medium
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- SH
Schenk-Hildebrandt (1972) medium 相似文献
7.
In vitro plant regeneration from embryogenic cultures of a diploid and a triploid,Cavendish banana 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Navarro Cuauhtémoc Escobedo Rosa Ma. Mayo Alberto 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,51(1):17-25
Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis was attempted with diploid (Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis) and triploid ('Grand
Nain') bananas. Explants inoculated in vitro were, respectively, immature zygotic embryos and male flower bud primordia. An
histological study showed that the embryogenic process involves a sequence of similar events for both species. A yellow-green
compact callus was initiated, which consisted of an actively dividing meristematic zone surrounded by several layers of starchy
cells. A white and friable callus, characterized by the presence of proembryonic cells, bicellular proembryos and proembryonal
masses in its periphery gradually appeared, which finally gave rise to somatic embryos from which plants were recovered. Induction
media contained 2,4-D (and also NAA and IAA for the triploid); zeatin and kinetin were necessary for embryo maturation and
6-BA and IAA were used for germination.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
G. Jogeswar D. Ranadheer V. Anjaiah P. B. Kavi Kishor 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(2):159-166
This study describes a protocol for the induction of high frequency somatic embryogenesis directly from immature inflorescence
explants in three sorghum genotypes (SPV-462, SPV-839, and M35-1). The effect of various growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis
was investigated. High frequency somatic embrogenesis was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg
l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and addition of 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin (KN) in the medium further improved the formation of somatic embryos per explant in all genotypes. The presence of
1.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine plus 1.0 mg l−1 KN in MS medium was most efficient for maturation and germination of somatic embryos. The genotype SPV-462 performed better
than SPV-839 and M35-1 in terms of induction and germination of somatic embryos. Organogenesis also occurred in callus of
all genotypes at the frequency of 20–25%. Regenerated plants from somatic embryos were successfully acclimatized in soil in
the greenhouse where plants were grown to maturity, flowered, and set seeds. Regenerated plants appeared normal like that
of the seed-raised plants. 相似文献
9.
Suk W. Kim Nam H. Song Kyung H. Jung Sang S. Kwak Jang R. Liu 《Plant cell reports》1994,13(6):319-322
Summary A system for high frequency plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures in Catharanthus roseus is described. Calli were obtained from anthers cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1 mgl-1
-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mgl-1 kinetin. After the second subculture on solid medium, embryogenic callus was identified and transferred to liquid medium to initiate suspension cultures. Cells dispersed finely in the medium were subcultured at 14-day intervals. Upon plating onto the basal medium, yellowish compact colonies proliferated from the cells and more than 80% of them gave rise to somatic embryos. Subsequently, plantlets developed from the embryos. Both the plantlets and the source plants showed the normal somatic chromosome number of 2n=2x=16.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog
- MSNK
MS medium + 1 mgl-1 NAA + 0.1 mgl-1 kinetin
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
10.
11.
This paper is part of a series considering the impact of activated carbon (AC) on the composition of plant tissue culture media. Using liquid culture media for initiation of Norway spruce embryogenic tissue and eight different ACs, we present a method for achieving target plant growth regulator (PGR) levels in AC-containing medium based on sorption isotherms for individual PGRs. Linear relationships were found between PGR adsorption and specific BET (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller theory) surface area and specific total pore volume of AC. When using a new AC, this linear relationship allows one to achieve multiple PGR levels similar to historic levels through adjustment of the mass of AC based on its relative BET surface area or relative total pore volume. Target levels of PGRs and an initiation success similar to that in medium without AC were achieved with several different AC types when AC mass was adjusted on the basis of pore volume. 相似文献
12.
During somatic embryogenesis in Papaver orientale tissue cultures a permanent starch accumulation and a transient triacylglycerol accumulation were observed. The degradation of the lipids during plantlet development from embryoids was paralleled by an activity increase of the glyoxylate-cycle enzymes malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2) and isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1). Fat accumulation and breakdown was interpreted as a reflection of seed formation and germination during normal development. 相似文献
13.
Enhancement of plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of commercial barley cultivars 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Genotypic restrictions on plant regeneration from cultured cells have hindered the genetic transformation of most barley
cultivars. Optimizing culturing protocols for specific cultivars of commercial interest may facilitate their genetic transformation.
Plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of `Harrington', `Morex', and `Hector' as affected by certain protocol modifications
was examined in replicated experiments. Regeneration was improved for all cultivars by separately autoclaving certain components
of the culture media and by reducing the amount of embryogenic callus cultured per petri dish. Regeneration improvements in
response to various concentrations of copper and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were more genotype specific. This study suggests
that the development and use of genotype-specific protocols can enhance plant regeneration. Enhancements in plant regeneration
are expected to facilitate the transformation of commercial barley germplasm.
Received: 11 August 1997 / Revision reveived: 2 March 1998 / Accepted: 20 March 1998 相似文献
14.
A protocol was developed for the induction, maturation and germination of somatic embryos from leaf tissue of jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider]. Explants were placed on their adaxial sides in Petri dishes and maintained in darkness on half-strength
Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS/2). Combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1.35–4.52 μM) with 6-benzylaminopurine
(1.33–4.43μM) and 2 synthetic cytokinins, N-(2-chloro-4pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (1.21–4.03μM) or (E)-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-but-2-enylamino]
purine (1.11–3.71μM) resulted in formation of embryogenic cultures and somatic embryos. After two 30-day subcultures, embryogenic
cultures were transferred onto MS/2 medium supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins. Somatic embryo maturation, germination
and plantlet formation were achieved using 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (3.75μM) or indole-3-butyric acid (3.44μM) in combination
with BA (0.44 or 1.33μM) or F3iP (0.37 or 1.11μM). Histology confirmed each stage of development.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Gurvinder S. Cheema 《Plant cell reports》1989,8(2):124-127
Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation were obtained from callus and cell suspension cultures of 40-year- old Himalayan Poplar (Populus ciliata Wall ex Royle). Callus and cell suspensions were obtained by transfer of inoculum of semiorganized leaf cultures, which were maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP), to MS with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Reduction of 2,4-D concentration during subsequent subculture of cell suspensions resulted in the formation of embryoids. These embryoids developed further only after being transferred to agar-based MS medium supplemented with BAP and naphthalene acetic acid. Loss of embryogenic potential was observed in cell suspensions after 6 subcultures. However, callus cultures retained the embryogenic potential even after repeated subcultures for more than a year. Plantlets could be successfully hardened and grown in natural outdoor conditions.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthalene acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium 相似文献
16.
Culture and regeneration of mesophyll-derived protoplasts of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. V. Sairam N. Seetharama P. S. Devi A. Verma U. R. Murthy I. Potrykus 《Plant cell reports》1999,18(12):972-977
A protocol for plant regeneration from mesophyll/protoplasts of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was developed. The yield of intact protoplasts, their subsequent divisions and regeneration were genotype-dependent.
The genotype 296B was always more responsive than IS 32266. For 296B, the sixth leaf from 18-day-old plants kept in dark for
2 days before harvesting was found to be the most suitable source of viable protoplasts. The first division was observed 10–12
days after plating, and the second division after 12–14 days. The maximum plating efficiency was 4.8% in 296 B, followed by
2.48% in IS 32266. Microcolonies were visible after 25–30 days, and microcalli after 60–75 days. Whole plants were obtained
after 6–8 weeks of culture of microcalli on MS medium containing 0.2 mg l–1 kinetin and 2 mg l–1 BAP. The frequency of regeneration in 296B and IS 32266 was 12.80% and 10.58%, respectively. Ten plants transferred to pots
in the glasshouse established well. The seeds collected from glasshouse-grown plants were sown in the field where plants were
grown to maturity.
Received: 7 October 1998 / Revision received: 13 January 1999 / Accepted: 20 January 1999 相似文献
17.
Establishment and maintenance of friable,embryogenic maize callus and the involvement of L-proline 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Friable, embryogenic maize (Zea mays L.), inbred line A188, callus was established and maintained for more than one year without apparent loss of friability or embryogenic potential. Embryoid development was abundant in these cultures and plants were easily regenerated. Frequencies of friable-callus initiation and somatic-embryoid formation increased linearly with addition to N6 medium (C.C. Chu et al. 1975, Sci. Sin. [Peking] 18, 659–668) of up to 25 mM L-proline. Proline additions up to 9 mM to MS medium (inorganic elements of T. Murashige and F. Skoog 1962, Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497, plus 0.5 mg 1-1 thiamine hydrochloride and 150 mg 1-1
L-asparagine monohydrate) did not stimulate embryoid formation. A major part of the difference between MS and N6 media could be attributed to their respective inorganic nitrogen components. L-Glutamine was not a satisfactory substitute for L-proline. Of 111 regenerated plants grown to maturity from three independent friable, embryogenic cell lines ranging in age from three to seven months, only four plants were abnormal based on morphology and pollen sterility. Seed was produced by 77% of the regenerated plants.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
medium containing inorganic elements of Murashige and Skoog (1962), plus 0.5 ml 1-1 thiamine hydrochloride and 150 mg 1-1
L-asparagine monohydrate
- N6
medium of Chu et al. (1975)
Paper No. 13,904, Scientific Journal Series Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station 相似文献
18.
Archana Giri Paramvir Singh Ahuja P. V. Ajay Kumar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,32(2):213-218
Plants were obtained via somatic embryogenesis in callus derived from in vitro raised leaf and petiole explants of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Callus was induced on a Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d 1 mg l-1) and kinetin (KN 0.5 mg l-1) with coconut water (CW 10% v/v) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 5 mg l-1) and benzylaminopurine (BAP 1 mg l-1). Somatic embryos appeared after 2–3 months or 2 subculture passages when 2,4-d or NAA induced source of the callus was transferred to a MS medium containing BAP (1 mg l-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l-1). For successful plantlet formation, the somatic embryos were transferred to a medium containing 1/4 strength MS nutrient with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg l-1). Alternatively, the somatic embryos were dipped in a concentrated solution of IBA for 5 min and placed on a hormone free medium. Complete plantlets were formed after 4 weeks and were transferred successfully to soil.CIMAP Publication No. 1020. 相似文献
19.
目的:建立山茱萸的组织培养及植株再生体系。方法:分别以山茱萸的叶片、花柄和花托为材料,进行山茱萸不同外植体的离体培养研究,筛选最佳培养基组成。结果:适宜山茱萸叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基组合为1/2MS,附加BA2.0mg/L、IBA0,5—1.0mg/L;适宜山茱萸花柄、花托愈伤组织诱导的培养基组合为1/2MS,附加BA1.0mg/L、2,4-D0.5mg/L;在1/2MS附加BA2.0mg/L、IBA0.05mg/L的培养基上,可诱导不定芽的产生;1/2MS附加IBA2.0mg/L的培养基有利于山茱萸试管苗生根。讨论:山茱萸的花托是进行组织培养的最适外植体,白色或翠绿色、结构致密的愈伤组织较易分化产生不定芽。 相似文献
20.
Ashok Kumar Sahrawat Suresh Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(1):55-61
Summary An efficient method was established for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from 3-,4-, 5-
and 7-d-old coleoptile segments of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kasturi), Compact and friable callus developed from the cut ends and also on the entire length of the coleoptile segments
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1962) supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 4.50–18.0
μM), kinetin (2.32 μM) and sucrose (3%, w/v). High frequency embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryo development was achieved when embryogenic
calluses were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.25 μM 2,4-D, 2.32 μM kinetin, 490 μM
L-tryptophan and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Plant regeneration was achieved by transferring clumps of embryogenic callus onto MS medium
containing 2.85 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 17.77 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Histological observations of embryogenic calluses revealed the presence of
somatic embryos and also plant regeneration via multiple shoot bud formation. Three, 4- and 5-d-old coleoptile segments showed
a significantly (P<0.05) higher frequency of plant regeneration and mean number of plantlets per explant in comparison to 7-d-old coleoptile
segments. The highest frequency (73.5%) of plant regeneration and mean number of plantlets (11.9±1.0) was obtained from 4-d-old
coleoptile segments. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium containing 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and plants were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity. 相似文献