中国仓鼠卵巢细胞及其表达载体的改造

哺乳动物细胞因其表达的外源蛋白最接近天然构象,已成为生产重组蛋白药物的理想系统。其中,中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO）是目前最为常用的表达系统,但这种系统也存在很多缺点,如大规模培养中表达量低、生产成本高、细胞无限度增殖及细胞凋亡等。目前,通过优化培养基配方和培养条件很难从根本上解决上述问题,必须从整个表达系统着手进行改造,其中CHO细胞本身和表达载体的改造最为关键。     

红细胞生成素在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中稳定表达

红细胞生成素是调节体内血液生成的一种重要体液因子,对红细胞以及血小板发生都有调节作用,具有非常巨大的临床应用价值。由于该蛋白在正常体内含量甚微,目前国外已研制出体外高表达红细胞生成素的细胞株,临床应用表明其分泌产物对多种贫血尤其是由肾衰引起的贫血具有十分显著的疗效,而且安全可靠。国外几年前就有批量生产,但我国至今无自己的重组产品问市。为此,我们进     

红细胞生成素cDNA在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的稳定表达

将(?)红细胞生成素(EPO)cDNA构建的重组表达质粒用电穿孔法引入COS-7细胞,ELISA和红系集落测活结果表明,该重组质粒在哺乳动物细胞中能够表达有生物活性的红细胞生成素。进一步将其转染CHO-dhfr~-细胞,经氨甲喋呤(MTX)加压扩增,混合细胞中各克隆表达水平比较一致,细胞的平均表达水平为2-3μg/10~6 Cells/24hr。细胞冻存后复苏其表达水平与冻存前一致,表明外源基因整合稳定。     

外源蛋白在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中高效表达的策略

高效表达外源蛋白,在生物制药中有重要意义.中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（Chinese hamster ovary cell）是表达外源蛋白的最佳真核表达系统之一.影响外源蛋白在CHO细胞表达的因素甚多,主要包括载体、宿主细胞和外源基因几方面.深入了解和灵活运用它们之间的关系,有助于获得外源基因在CHO细胞中的高效表达.     

分泌表达bFGF的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞的构建及其特性分析

CHO细胞在无血清或无蛋白培养条件下培养通常会遇到贴壁能力差,细胞活力差等问题。通过构建分泌型bFGF基因,克隆到pIRESneo3表达载体上,转染CHO细胞,通过MTT法间接检测细胞培养上清中bFGF表达,并在无蛋白培养基中观察细胞的生长。结果显示转染的CHO细胞表达bFGF,且分泌的bFGF有生物活性;转染的CHO细胞在无蛋白培养基中较未转染的CHO细胞的贴壁能力和活力强。成功改造了CHO细胞,为CHO细胞在无血清或无蛋白条件下大规模培养提供了基础。     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原在中国仓鼠卵巢（CHO）细胞中的表达

将切去３＇端穿膜序列的ＥＢ病毒膜抗原（ＭＡ）基因,插入ｐＳＶ２－ｄｈｆｒ质粒的ＳＶ４０早期启动子下游,构建了真核表达载体ｐＳＶ２－ｄｈｆｒＧＰＴＲ,使两个ＳＶ４０早期启动子分别调控ＭＡ和二氢叶酸还原酶（ｄｈｆｒ）基因。将该重组质粒转化ＣＨＯ－ｄｈｆｒ细胞。在选择培养基中筛选阳性克隆,用氨甲喋呤加压扩增,建立了表达ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ的克隆细胞系。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｏｌｔ分析证明,所表达的蛋白的分子量大约为     

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞表达新技术

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）是基因工程药物生产的最佳表达系统之一,在生物制药中被广泛应用。传统的获得高表达CHO细胞株的方法费时、费力。近年来出现了一些CHO细胞高效表达新技术,它们从克服位置效应,提高基因转录效率、mRNA翻译效率及稳定性、筛选高表达细胞的效率等不同层次调控外源基因在CHO细胞中的高效表达。与MTX加压扩增基因获得高效表达外源基因的方法比较,能够节约时间、减少工作量,不易丢失高表达细胞株。     

人尿激酶原cDNA在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CH0)中高效表达研究

通过构建高效表达载体,改进转染方法,与二氢叶酸还原酶(dhfr)基因共扩增等手段在CH0细胞内高效表达了人尿激酶原(Pr0-UK)cDNA。首先将pro—UK cDNA插入到sR α启动子的下游,构建成表达质粒pMGl0102,在cos－7细胞内进行暂时性表达,结果表明此启动子的表达水平比SV40早期启动子高约5倍。然后将质粒pMG10102和pSV2－dhfr线性化后用磅酸钙共沉淀法转染CH0－dhfr-细胞,经一系列筛选后获得20个能表达pro—UK的细胞克隆,纤维蛋白溶解平板法(FAPA)测定表达水平为12．5—100IU／10⁶cells／d．再经MTX加压共扩增,得到9株高表达细胞系,其中最高的表达水平达到400—500Iu／10‘cells／d。2—3个月连续传代,表达水平未下降,表明细胞株是稳定的。Western Blot分析证明细胞分泌的重组pro－UK具有与天然pro—UK相同的分子量,而且培养液中不加蛋白酶抑制剂时,分泌的重组UK大部分为单链(60％以上)。     

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的悬浮适应及代谢特征

目的：通过悬浮适应,使中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）获得悬浮生长的特性,并可在悬浮培养条件下较快地生长。方法：将CHO细胞以3×10^5／mL接种于100mL的三角瓶内,培养时加入1％小牛血清、1g/LPIuronic F-68、25μg／mL硫酸葡聚糖,培养体积35mL,摇床转速90r／min,每24h离心换液,当细胞增殖为2×10^6／mL时传代。结果：经过悬浮适应,细胞的平均比生长速率由适应最初的0．27／d提高为适应后的0．48／d,最大总细胞密度由适应初期的2．5×10^6／mL提高为适应后的6．3×10^6／mL,目的蛋白活性也由适应前的2781U／mL提高为适应后的8878U／mL,适应后细胞的葡萄糖平均比消耗率为1．42μmol／（10^6细胞·d）,低于适应前的2．16μmol／（10^6细胞·d）。结论：贴壁生长的CHO细胞经过悬浮适应,不仅可以在悬浮培养条件下快速生长,而且细胞对葡萄糖的利用率也得到提高。     

抗凋亡策略在细胞大规模培养中的应用

随着阐明凋亡发生的分子机制,现在可运用多种方法阻止细胞凋亡的发生。在大规模细胞培养过程中应用这些方法可促进细胞的存活,实现细胞大规模高密度培养,从而提高细胞生产有价值生物技术产品的能力。     

人肝细胞生长因子cDNA克隆在CHO细胞中的表达

肝细胞生长因子是一种由α、β链组成的杂合二聚体糖蛋白,能促进肝细胞、多种上皮细胞、内皮细胞和神经胶质细胞的有丝分裂,并对多种肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒性作用或者抑制其生长［１～４］,其作用无种属特异性,如人肝细胞生长因子能促进大鼠肝细胞增殖［５］。由于天然Ｈ...     

人骨形态发生蛋白7在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的表达研究

目的:构建重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7(rhBMP7)表达质粒,并研究其在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的表达。方法:将hBMP7重组表达质粒电转到中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)中,并用DOT-BLOT和ELISA方法分析检测rhBMP7在重组CHO细胞中的表达。结果:hBMP7 cDNA整合到CHO细胞基因组中并被转录。点杂交和ELISA检测证实rhBMP7在CHO细胞中得到表达。结论:hBMP7成功在CHO表达系统中得到表达。     

Apoptosis in batch cultures of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells

One of the main problems in the culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells continues to be the inability to maintain the viability of the cultures over an extended period of time. The rapid decline in viability at the end of the culture is exacerbated by the absence of serum. In trying to reduce the extent of death in these cultures, we first tried to determine the mode of death. We found that more than 80% of the cells in a standard serum‐free batch culture of CHO cells in suspension died via apoptosis—as evidenced by condensed chromatin and the appearance of a characteristic DNA ladder. Furthermore, when protein synthesis was inhibited using cycloheximide, the cells underwent rapid apoptosis indicating that death proteins were present in greater abundance than survival proteins in our CHO cells. Cell lysate from CHO cells showed evidence of cysteine protease (caspase) activity. Caspases of the Interleukin‐1‐β‐Converting Enzyme (ICE) family, e.g., CPP32, Mch‐1, etc., have been implicated in the apoptotic process. Surprisingly, a caspase peptide inhibitor, N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐fluoro‐methyl‐ketone (z‐VAD.fmk), was unable to substantially extend the life of a serum‐free batch culture of CHO cells. In addition, z‐VAD.fmk was only marginally able to extend viability in response to withdrawal of growth and survival factors, insulin and transferrin. In both these instances, z‐VAD.fmk was able to prevent cleavage of caspase substrates, but not protect cells from death. However, we found that bcl‐2 expression was able to significantly extend viabilities in CHO batch culture. Bcl‐2 expression also substantially extended the viability of cultures in response to insulin and transferrin withdrawal. These results provide interesting insights into the pathways of death in a CHO cell. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 632–640, 1999.     

Generation of Recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines by Microinjection

Microinjection is a gene transfer technique enabling partial control of plasmid delivery into the nucleus or cytoplasm of cultured animal cells. Here this method was used to establish various recombinant mammalian cell lines. The injection volume was estimated by fluorescence quantification of injected fluorescein isothyocynate (FITC)-dextran. The DNA concentration and injection pressure were then optimized for microinjection into the nucleus or cytoplasm using a reporter plasmid encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Nuclear microinjection was more sensitive to changes in these two parameters than was cytoplasmic microinjection. Under optimal conditions, 80–90% of the cells were GFP-positive 1 day after microinjection into the nucleus or the cytoplasm. Recombinant cell lines were recovered following microinjection or calcium phosphate transfection and analyzed for the level and stability of recombinant protein production. In general, the efficiency of recovery of recombinant cell lines and the stability of reporter protein expression over time were higher following microinjection as compared to CaPi transfection. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using microinjection as a method to generate recombinant cell lines. Revisions requested 27 October 2005; Revisions received 12 December 2005     

Barium Influx Mediated by the Cardiac Sodium-Calcium Exchanger in Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

We examined Ba²⁺ influx using isotopic and fura-2 techniques in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the bovine cardiac Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (CK1.4 cells). Ba²⁺ competitively inhibited exchange-me diated ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake with a K _i ∼ 3 mM. Ba²⁺ uptake was stimulated by pretreating the cells with ouabain and by removing extracellular Na⁺, as expected for Na⁺/Ba²⁺ exchange activity. The maximal velocity of Ba²⁺ accumulation was estimated to be 50% of that for Ca²⁺. When the monovalent cation ionophore gramicidin was used to equilibrate internal and external concentrations of Na⁺, Ba²⁺ influx was negligible in the absence of Na⁺ and increased to a maximum at 20–40 mM Na⁺. At higher Na⁺ concentrations, Ba²⁺ influx declined, presumably due to the competition between Na⁺ and Ba²⁺ for transport sites on the exchanger. Unlike Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺ did not appear to be taken up by intracellular organelles: Thus, ¹³³Ba²⁺ uptake in ouabain-treated cells was not reduced by mitochondrial inhibitors such as Cl-CCP or oligomycin-rotenone. Moreover, intracellular Ca²⁺ stores that had been depleted of Ca²⁺ by pretreatment of the cells with ionomycin (a Ca²⁺ ionophore) remained empty during a subsequent period of Ba²⁺ influx. Ca²⁺ uptake or release by intracellular organelles secondarily regulated exchange activity through alterations in [Ca²⁺]_i. Exchange-mediated Ba²⁺ influx was inhibited when cytosolic [Ca²⁺] was reduced to 20 nM or less and was accelerated at cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations of 25–50 nM. We conclude that (a) Ba²⁺ substitutes for Ca²⁺ as a transport substrate for the exchanger, (b) cytosolic Ba²⁺ does not appear to be sequestered by intracellular organelles, and (c) exchange-mediated Ba²⁺ influx is accelerated by low concentrations of cytosolic Ca²⁺.