猪精浆蛋白基因PSP-Ⅰ和PSP-Ⅱ启动子序列克隆及生物信息学分析

分别用PCR方法扩增了1.7kbp和1.6kbp的猪PSP-Ⅰ和PSP-Ⅱ基因的启动子,并进行TA克隆,测序鉴定,测序结果用DNAstar程序与Genebank中的相应序列进行对比分析,结果显示与已发表序列的同源性分别为99.8%和96.3%。利用生物信息学的方法对克隆的1.7kbp和1.6kbp的猪PSP-Ⅰ和PSP-Ⅱ基因的启动子区进行了预测分析。PSP-Ⅰ和PSP-Ⅱ基因序列对比(mVista)分析发现,启动子0→-1000bp的保守性较高,其中0→-200bp核心启动子部分的序列同源性达到了100%,而-1000bp上游序列的保守性则较低。启动子的位置预测(Promoter Scan)结果显示,转录起始点上游200bp的区域为两基因的核心启动子位置。启动子区转录因子结合位点预测(TFSEARCH)发现,转录起始位点上游的1000bp区域内含有大量的顺式调控元件,并且得到了一系列潜在的转录因子结合位点。     

Localization of the ATP binding site on alpha-tubulin

The binding site for ATP to tubulin was established by use of the photoaffinity label [gamma-32P]N3ATP. Photolysis of the analog in the presence of tubulin resulted in covalent modification of the protein as revealed by autoradiography of electropherograms. Scanning the autoradiograms showed that the ATP analog was bound mainly to the alpha subunit of the tubulin dimer; the alpha subunit was two to three times more radioactive than was the beta subunit. The location of a particular site on the alpha subunit was further defined by peptide maps. The alpha and beta subunits from affinity-labeled tubulin were separated and digested with Staphylococcus protease. Radioactivity was found predominantly in one peptide band from the alpha subunit. The location of the [gamma-32P]N3ATP binding site on the alpha subunit distinguishes it from the previously known exchangeable GTP binding site which is on the beta subunit. Moreover, excess GTP did not compete with [gamma-32P]N3ATP binding. The ATP binding site is distinct from the nonexchangeable GTP binding site. The GTP content of tubulin was the same after dialysis in 0.5 mM ATP as it was following dialysis against ATP-free buffer. Proof that the binding site for [gamma-32P]N3ATP is the same as that for ATP was obtained by competition experiments. In the presence of ATP, photolysis of the affinity analog did not label the alpha subunit preferentially.     

Mapping structurally perturbed sites in DNA by replication arrest and run-off replication

We describe a technique for rapid fine mapping of sites of torsion-induced perturbations of DNA structure. The technique involves strand scission or chemical base modification at structurally perturbed sites, replication arrest in a double-strand DNA sequencing reaction, and size analysis of replication products by electrophoresis on sequencing gels. Besides being less complicated and faster than site identification by conventional end-labeling methods, the technique assures high sequence specificity through the use of oligomeric sequencing primers. This property should be useful for in vivo mapping of DNA structural perturbations with known sequence within complex genomes.