毛竹茎细胞壁半纤维素多糖的免疫细胞化学定位研究

本文以毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)为材料,采用免疫细胞化学标记方法对两种细胞壁半纤维素多糖成分,即木聚糖(Xylan)和(1-3)(1-4)-β-葡聚糖［(1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan］在毛竹茎中的分布进行了观察。结果表明,应用免疫细胞化学方法可以准确、有效地观察这两种半纤维素多糖成分在细胞壁中的分布;木聚糖分布在已木质化的组织细胞的细胞壁中,与细胞壁木质化有密切关系;(1-3)(1-4)-β-葡聚糖在幼竹茎基本组织中分布于短薄壁细胞细胞壁中及长薄壁细胞胞间层,而在老龄竹茎基本组织中,仅分布于短薄壁细胞细胞壁中,而长薄壁细胞细胞壁却无此成分,反映出长、短薄壁细胞细胞壁组成上的差异。     

侵袭性真菌感染非培养诊断方法的研究进展

侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infections,IFI)是指真菌侵入人体组织、血液,并在其中生长繁殖致组织损害、器官功能障碍、炎症反应的病理改变及病理生理过程。近20 a来,IFI的发病率和死亡率呈明显上升趋势,在所有的真菌感染中念珠菌属占89.1%,是医院感染第6位常见的病原体。     

黄毛楤木皂甙的分离鉴定

从黄毛楤木(Aralia decaisneana Hance)根皮分得3种皂甙(Ad-Ⅰ、Ad-Ⅱ、Ad-Ⅲ)和1种由 Ad-Ⅲ水解得到的次级甙(Ad-Ⅳ),经光谱(IR、FAB-MS、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR)和化学分析(酸、碱水解法),分别鉴定为楤木皂甙 A、3-O-[α-L-阿拉伯呋哺糖-(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸]-齐墩果酸甙、3-O-[β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸]-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙、3-O-[-β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸]-齐墩果酸甙。前两种皂甙系首次从该植物分得,后两种为新化合物。     

G试验联合GM试验对恶性血液病患者伴侵袭性真菌病的诊断价值研究

目的探讨血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(G试验)联合血浆半乳甘露聚糖检测(GM试验)对诊断恶性血液病患者伴侵袭性真菌病(IFD)的临床应用价值。方法收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院血液内科高危侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)病例193例,根据患者血浆G试验和GM试验的临床结果,分析其单项和联合检测时在IFD诊断中的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)。并同时分析GM试验结果在IFD患者治疗过程中的变化趋势。结果在血液肿瘤伴IFD的患者中,单独血浆G试验的检测敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别是71.7%、89.3%、71.7%、89.3%。单独GM试验检测的敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别是54.7%、94.3%、78.4%、84.6%。串联检测(两项同时阳性)的敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别是39.6%、99.3%、95.5%、81.3%。并联检测(两项中任意一项阳性)的敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别是86.6%、84.3%、67.7%、94.4%。17例GM试验阳性患者接受抗真菌治疗后,14例有效,3例无效。治疗有效组血浆GM值均从第2周开始下降,第3周降至正常水平,治疗无效组GM值持续升高,有效组和无效组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血浆G试验和血浆GM试验对恶性血液病患者伴IFD有较高的临床诊断价值,两者联合检测的临床诊断价值进一步提高,可作为IFI诊断的指标之一;动态监测GM值有利于评估临床抗真菌治疗的疗效。     

(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测和半乳甘露聚糖抗原检测在侵袭性真菌病诊断中的价值探讨

目的 探讨(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测和半乳甘露聚糖抗原检测在侵袭性真菌病诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性研究北京大学第一医院2008年1月～2010年7月临床疑诊侵袭性真菌病的住院患者.根据诊断标准确定是否诊断侵袭性真菌病.分析非培养诊断方法血清半乳甘露聚糖(GM试验)和血浆(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖(G试验)的敏感度和特异度,以及二者联合应用后诊断的敏感度和特异度.结果 GM试验灵敏度为70％,特异度为84％;G试验灵敏度为50％,特异度为92％.GM试验和G试验二者联合试验时,其灵敏度和特异度分别为93％和78％.结论 GM试验和G试验均对侵袭性真菌病具有诊断价值,二者联合应用使其应用价值进一步提高.     

用酸碱法从面包酵母中提取β-(1-3)-D葡聚糖

研究了用酸-碱法制备水不溶性葡聚糖的工艺.0.75 mol/L的NaOH在100℃下作用2 h,能有效地去除甘露聚糖,0.5 mol/L的酸使不溶性的葡聚糖的比粘度增加,除去糖元.分析表明,产品为β-D-葡聚糖,其中β-(1-3)-D-葡聚糖约为87%.     

植物体内的胼胝质

胼胝质(callose)是一种以β-1，3-键结合的葡聚糖。在植物的筛管代谢、配子体发育等生命活动中发挥着重要的调节作用，其合成、分解直接关系植物正常的生长代谢过程，因此，胼胝质的代谢是植物研究中的重要内容之一。     

142例支气管肺泡灌洗液真菌免疫荧光染色检测结果与G/GM试验结果对比分析

目的探讨真菌免疫荧光染色检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(brondioalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)在肺部真菌感染诊断中的意义。方法对2019年1月至12月送检至本所的142例BALF标本进行G/GM试验及真菌免疫荧光染色检测。结果142例BALF中免疫荧光染色检测阳性为52例(占36.62%),G试验同时阳性者为49例,GM试验同时阳性者为11例。免疫荧光染色检测阳性例数与KOH湿片镜检阳性27例(占19.01%)比较检出率明显提高。结论真菌免疫荧光染色检测作为一种快速方便高效直观的真菌常规检测方法,是BALF标本中真菌检测的1个重要补充,为临床肺部真菌感染的诊断提供了1种快速检测方法。     

血清(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖试验与血清半乳甘露聚糖试验对马尔尼菲篮状菌病的诊断价值CSCD

目的探讨血清(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(G试验)、血清半乳甘露聚糖试验(GM试验)及联合检测对艾滋病(AIDS)患者中合并马尔尼菲篮状菌病(TSM)的诊断价值。方法回顾性研究住院艾滋病患者中有明确病原学检查确诊马尔尼菲篮状菌(TM)感染且有完善G试验及GM试验的患者45例,及同期住院AIDS患者中有完善G试验、GM试验及病原学检查,明确排除TM感染的219例患者,比较各组G试验、GM试验结果、检测时间,通过对比G试验、GM试验及联合检测方法(联合检测一:G试验和GM试验检测均为阳性为联合检测阳性,一种阳性或均阴性视为阴性结果;联合检测二:单独G试验或GM试验检测为阳性或二者均阳性,即为联合检测阳性,均阴性视为阴性结果)的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、误诊率、漏诊率,并绘制ROC曲线。结果G试验及GM试验的敏感度及特异度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),G试验敏感度为36.36%,特异度为78.14%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.602,95%的置信区间为0.539~0.662。GM试验敏感度为55.56%,特异度为96.80%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.819,95%CI为0.767~0.864。联合检测一敏感度27.27%,特异度99.53%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.634,95%CI为0.572~0.693。联合检测二敏感度65.91%,特异度76.74%,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.713,95%CI为0.654~0.768,约登指数为0.4265。结论G试验、GM试验是AIDS合并TSM早期辅助性诊断指标,其中GM试验敏感度、特异度均高于G试验,相比病原学检查,有缩短诊断时间的优点,但不是诊断金标准。在G试验、GM试验及联合检测中,联合检测一可以提高特异度,联合检测二可以提高敏感度。     

血浆(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖诊断深部真菌感染的临床研究

目的探讨血浆(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖对早期诊断深部真菌感染的临床价值。方法收集2009年3月～11月间在北京友谊医院感染科住院患者174例,根据侵袭性真菌感染诊断标准,将患者分为排除深部真菌组、确诊组、临床诊断组、拟诊组。应用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统,检测各组患者血浆(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖水平,分析比较深部真菌感染组和非深部真菌感染组血浆(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖的水平。结果深部真菌感染组血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖含量为(153.4±37.0)pg/mL,排除深部真菌感染组血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖含量为(54.6±8.6)pg/mL,两组间有统计学差异(t=3.4,P<0.01);分析血浆(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖诊断深部真菌感染,以20 pg/mL为诊断阈值,其准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为70.1%、87.5%、61.9%、52.1%、91.2%。确诊病例、临床诊断病例、拟诊病例,3组间血清(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖含量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论深部真菌感染组的葡聚糖水平明显高于排除深部真菌感染组的葡聚糖水平,具有统计学意义。以20 pg/mL为诊断阈值,其准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为70.1%、87.5%、61.9%、52.1%、91.2%,可作为深部真菌感染的最佳诊断阈值。     

Calcium plays an important role in the regulation of hepatic branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity

A fetal haemoglobin variant was noted in a healthy Jamaican infant of mixed African/Chinese extraction. A two-dimensional chromatogram of the soluble tryptic peptides (Tp) showed 2 ‘new’ ones/ One was composed of the last 4 residues of the usually insoluble Tpγ41–59. To permit a tryptic split this required a change of residue γ55 Met to Lys or Arg. The other new Tp contained arginine and was in the position expected for a Tpγ41–55 (55 Arg). As the material was limited it could not be analysed. When after more than 6 years no example of Hb F Kingston had become available it was decided to describe the variant on the basis of the present evidence.     

血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测对器官移植患者侵袭性真菌感染诊断价值

目的 探讨血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖(BG)检测(G试验)在诊断器官移植术后合并侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月～2012年12月130例在本院肝、肾移植中心住院疑似IFI的患者的血浆标本,进行G实验检测.其中64例最终确诊或临床诊断为IFI患者,设为IFI组,余66例为非IFI组.应用MB-80微生物动态快速检测系统和GKT-5M Set动态真菌检测试剂盒,血浆BG浓度≥10 pg/mL判定G试验阳性.采用四格表计算G试验诊断IFI的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.对G试验结果进行受试者特征工作曲线(ROC曲线)分析,并计算曲线下面积.结果 130例患者中,IFI组中G试验阳性57/64,阳性率89.1％;阴性7例,假阴性率10.9％.非IFI组G试验阳性15/66,假阳性率22.7％.G试验阳性诊断IFI的敏感度、特异度、阳性预值和阴性预测值分别为89.1％,77.3％,79.2％和87.9％.根据G试验结果绘制ROC曲线,曲线下面积为0.875(95％ CI:0.813～0.937).结论 G试验对器官移植患者IFI具有中等诊断价值.适当提高诊断界值及重复检测可较大程度地消除假阳性.     

Endo-beta-galactosidase of Escherichia freundii. Hydrolysis of pig colonic mucin and milk oligosaccharides by endoglycosidic action.

The purified keratansulfate degrading enzyme from $\text{Eschericia freundii}$ could hydrolyze desialyzed pig colonic mucin and milk oligosaccharides. Desialyzed pig colonic mucin was digested to produce GlcNAcβ(1→3)Gal, GlcNAc-6Sβ(1→3)Gal and resistant polymer. Lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-tetraitol were hydrolyzed endoglycosidically to release glucose and sorbitol, respectively. Therefore, this enzyme was found to be an endo-β-galactosidase of rather wide specificity.     

Purification and Partial Characterization of an Endo-(1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase from Rice,Oryza sativa L.

(1→3, 1→4)-β-Glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73), with a molecular weight of 34, 000 and an isoelectric point of 4.9, was purified to homogeneity from extracts of fresh rice bran. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucans such as barley β-glucan and lichenans, but laminarins and CM-cellulose were not substrates. Endproduct analysis using barley β-glucan as the substrate suggested that the enzyme is an endo-type (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase.     

Interaction of myelin basic protein, melittin and bovine serum albumin with gangliosides, sulphatide and neutral glycosphingolipids in mixed monolayers

Some parameters that may regulate the miscibility and stability of mixed lipid-protein monolayers at the air-145 mM NaCl interface were studied employing six glycosphingolipids (acidic or neutral), three different types of proteins (soluble, extrinsic or highly amphipathic) and some phospholipids. The results obtained show that the percentage of the total area occupied by the protein at the interface is an important parameter leading to lateral phase separations; the amount and area contribution of the protein accepted in the film before the components become immiscible increase with the complexity of the polar head group of the glycosphingolipids. The interactions occur with progressive reductions of the intermolecular packing as the polar head group of the glycosphingolipid becomes more complex and this is accompanied by more negative values of the excess free energy of mixing. The lipid component seems to be the major responsible for the reduction in mean molecular area.     

Accumulation of short DNA fragments in hydroxyurea treated mouse L-cells

Treatment of L-cells with hydroxyurea markedly inhibits the incorporation of [³H]thymidine into DNA. The ³H incorporation that persists during hydroxyurea inhibition is largely into 7S DNA chains. The labelled fragments can be chased into higher MW DNA, suggesting that they are intermediates in the replication process. This interpretation concurs with that of earlier reports which describe a similar effect of hydroxyurea on the replication of viral DNA.     

Synthesis and stability assay of 4-methylumbelliferyl (1→3)-β-D-pentaglucoside

The synthesis and stability of 4-methylumbelliferyl (1 → 3)-β-D-pentaglucoside 3 are described. The (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was recovered from the aqueous medium as water-insoluble particles by the spray drying (GS) method. The acid-solubilized (1 → 3)-β-D-oligoglucosides were prepared by partial acid hydrolysis of glucan. The peracetylated (1 → 3)-β-D-pentaglucoside 1 was obtained by isolation of peracetylated (1 → 3)-β-D-oligoglucoside mixture. The peracetylated 4-methylumbelliferyl (1 → 3)-β-D-pentaglucoside 2 was synthesized by treating compound 1 with the 4-methylumbelliferone and a Lewis acid (SnCl₄) catalyst. NaOMe in dry methanol was used for the deacetylation of the blocked derivative, to give the target compound 3 in an overall yield of 35%. Activity assays with β-glucosidase indicated that compound 3 was much more stable than the corresponding pentasaccharide.     

The amphipathic membrane proteins associated with gangliosides: The Paul-Bunnell antigen is one of the gangliophilic proteins

Two amphipathic protein fractions soluble in organic solvents as well as in water have been isolated from the ganglioside fraction of bovine erythrocyte membranes by successive chromatography in chloroform-methanol mixture on DEAE-Sephadex, silicic acid, and α-hydroxypropylated Sephadex G50 (LH60) columns. These two fractions contained a similar low molecular weight protein but with distinctively different amino acid composition. One of these proteins has been characterized by having a strong Paul-Bunnell antigen activity and had a binding affinity to ganglioside. A similar protein without Paul-Bunnell antigen activity was isolated as the major ganglioside-associated protein.