荠菜，马齿苋生长阶段抗病性研究

研究以霜霉病菌为致病菌,分别感染2种常见野生蔬菜蔼菜,马齿见,马齿苋的染病植株与对照培养的健康植株生长状况差异不大,而荠 菜两者的生长状况有明显差异,其原因是马齿苋染病后多酚氧化酶,SOD,过氧化氢酶,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及木质素含量明显增加,膜脂过氧化水平相对较低,因而细胞结构保持相对稳定,抗病性较强。     

马齿苋多糖提取物对翅果油树愈伤组织诱导的影响

采用传统热浸提工艺,从马齿苋植株中提取多糖.以B1培养基为基础,通过添加0.15 g/L的抗褐变剂Vc及不同浓度的马齿苋多糖,研究了其对翅果油树愈伤组织培养的抗褐变作用.结果显示:(1)马齿苋多糖对愈伤组织培养中的褐变有一定缓解作用.(2)经筛选,得到0.19 g/L为最适的多糖添加物浓度,子叶愈伤组织产生生物量最多,抗褐变效果与Vc的作用相似,愈伤组织生命周期也明显缩短.     

马齿苋黄酮提取及其生物活性研究进展

马齿苋为药食两用野生植物,我国资源丰富。黄酮是马齿苋主要生物活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抑菌、降血糖和保肝护肝等多种生物活性,研究马齿苋黄酮提取及其生物活性对马齿苋开发应用具有重要意义。以近10年国内发表相关文献为依据,梳理综述马齿苋黄酮提取工艺及其生物活性研究进展,为马齿苋黄酮深入研究及开发应用提供参考依据。     

福建假马齿苋属的初步研究

本文报道了福建省3种假马齿苋属植物:麦花草、假马齿苋和匍匐假马齿苋,其中匍匐假马齿苋为我国新记录的归化植物,新近发表的田玄参是该种的同物异名,田玄参属相应地应归并入假马齿苋属。同时,还纠正了国内有关假马齿苋学名和文献引证中的错误。     

马齿苋与人体健康

马齿苋为马齿苋科1年生肉质草本野生植物,含有多种营养物质、以及人体所需的11种常量元素和4种微量元素,具有药用价值：马齿苋素有“绿色天然抗生素”的美称：经常食用马齿苋,对促进人体健康和增强体质等大有裨益。     

马齿苋多糖微波提取条件的优化

本文对微波辅助法提取马齿苋多糖的工艺进行了研究,分析了提取温度、提取时间、料液比对马齿苋多糖得率的影响,确定了微波辅助提取马齿苋多糖的最佳工艺条件为60℃,料液比1 g/30 mL,提取10min。在此条件下的多糖得率为13.87%。     

NaCl胁迫对马齿苋光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以马齿苋为材料,采用温室盆栽法研究了14d NaCl胁迫处理对其幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明：(1) 马齿苋幼苗的鲜重和株高在25mmol?L-1Nacl胁迫时与对照无显著差异,但其随着NaCl浓度的继续增加均显著降低,且其生物量受到的抑制早于株高。(2) NaCl胁迫下,马齿苋幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)降低,胞间二氧化碳(Ci)浓度增大,且两者的变化幅度随着NaCl浓度增加而增大。(3) NaCl胁迫下,马齿苋幼苗叶片的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、恒态荧光(Fs)、恒态荧光与初始荧光差值(△Fo)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率( Fv/Fo ) 和PSⅡ最大光化学效率( Fv/Fm) 均降低,叶片光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP) 也在NaCl胁迫下降低,而非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)则上升;在0-50 mmol?L-1NaCl胁迫下,幼苗叶片各荧光参数下降幅度小于其他高浓度NaCl胁迫。可见,在NaCl胁迫条件下,马齿苋幼苗叶片的光合作用受光抑制伤害,但其在低浓度NaCl下能够较多地将光能用于光化学反应,光抑制程度较低,保持了较高的净光合速率,明显减轻盐胁迫对植株生长的影响,表现出一定的耐盐性。     

NaCl胁迫对马齿苋光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以马齿苋为材料,采用温室盆栽法研究了14 d NaCl胁迫处理对其幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果显示:(1)马齿苋幼苗的鲜重和株高在25 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫时与对照无显著差异,但其随着NaCl浓度的继续增加均显著降低,且其生物量受到的抑制早于株高.(2) NaCl胁迫下,马齿苋幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度(C1)增大,且两者的变化幅度随着NaCl浓度增加而增大.(3)NaCl胁迫下,马齿苋幼苗叶片的初始荧光(F0)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、恒态荧光(Fs)、恒态荧光与初始荧光差值(△F0)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均降低,叶片光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)也在NaCl胁迫下降低,而非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)则上升;在0～50 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,幼苗叶片各荧光参数下降幅度小于其他高浓度NaCl胁迫.研究表明,在NaCl胁迫条件下,马齿苋幼苗叶片的光合作用受光抑制伤害,但在低浓度NaCl下能够较多地将光能用于光化学反应,光抑制程度较低,保持了较高的净光合速率,明显减轻盐胁迫对植株生长的影响,表现出一定的耐盐性.     

10个马齿苋类型的脂肪酸和草酸含量分析

该研究采用气相色谱和比色法测定了10种不同来源马齿苋茎、叶中的脂肪酸和草酸含量。结果表明:(1)脂肪酸和草酸在10个不同类型马齿苋茎、叶中的含量均表现出一定的差异显著性。(2)与叶片相比,茎中的脂肪酸含量相对较低;马齿苋茎、叶中以多元不饱和脂肪酸为主;共测出两种多元不饱和脂肪酸,分别是亚麻酸(ω-3脂肪酸)和亚油酸(ω-6脂肪酸);不同类型马齿苋叶片和茎中ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸分别占脂肪酸总量的62.71%~70.91%和9.30%~13.31%,以及26.04%~36.02%和31.61%~43.19%,‘金湖’‘南阳’马齿苋叶片和‘金湖’马齿苋茎中!-3脂肪酸含量显著高于其他类型;国产马齿苋类型,尤其是茎中的!-6/!-3比例明显小于国外马齿苋类型。(3)马齿苋茎中的草酸含量明显高于叶;除‘山东’‘Iran’和‘Pakistan’马齿苋茎中的草酸显著积累外,其他类型马齿苋茎中的草酸含量差异不显著。因此,马齿苋适宜早采收;‘金湖’和‘南阳’,尤其是‘金湖’类型的马齿苋是一种值得研究和推荐的马齿苋类型。     

外源硫对镉胁迫下马齿苋光合性状和矿质元素吸收的影响

从光合反应系统揭示外源硫(S)诱导马齿苋镉(Cd)耐受性的生理机制,为外源S缓解重金属毒害提供理论依据.采用营养液培养,研究外源S供体(NH4)2SO4对100 mg/L Cd胁迫下马齿苋叶片光合色素、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数和矿质营养元素的影响.结果表明,Cd胁迫可显著降低马齿苋叶片中叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量;净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均显著降低,而胞间二氧化碳浓度上升,表明非气孔因素是Cd胁迫诱导马齿苋光合抑制的主要因素;同时,PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSII)、电子传递效率(J)、化学猝灭系数(qP)显著下降,而非化学猝灭系数(qN)显著上升,表明Cd胁迫影响马齿苋PSⅡ反应系统的正常运行.外施400 mg/L(NH4)2SO4显著提高马齿苋叶片叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素a/b比值,增强马齿苋叶片光合作用和PSⅡ原初光化学反应量子效率.对5种与光反应系统密切相关的矿质元素含量进行分析发现,Cd处理显著增加马齿苋叶片中的Ca和Fe含量,显著抑制马齿苋对Mg、Mn和Cu的吸收.Cd胁迫下马齿苋叶片的变黄与Mg、Mn的亏缺有关,而与Fe缺乏无关;添加外源S可显著提升马齿苋叶片中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu和Mn含量,从而增强Cd胁迫下马齿苋叶片的PSII反应系统功能.     

Effect of Co-planted Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) on Cd Accumulation by Sunflower in Different Levels of Cd Contamination and Salinity: A Pot Study

Heavy metal bioaccumulation can be affected by various crop-weed interactions that potentially exist in agroecosystems. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of rhizosphere interaction of sunflower and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) weed on cadmium (Cd) uptake and its allocation to sunflower grains. The experimental treatments consisted of two cropping systems (mono and mixed culture), two adjusted salinity levels (0 and 0.5% NaCl) and three artificial levels of Cd in soil (Control, 3 and 6 mg kg^?1). The results showed that the growth of sunflower in the presence of purslane in comparison to mono culture of sunflower led to change of total Cd content and Cd allocated to grains only in saline conditions. Promoting effects of salinity on Cd concentration of grain were alleviated where sunflower was co-planted with purslane. Besides, supply of Zn in grains of co-planted sunflower was strongly affected by salinity. Results of this study revealed that although co-planted purslane could alter conditions in the shared rhizosphere, it had no effect on enhancing Cd uptake by neighboring sunflower directly.     

Genetic improvement of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and its future prospects

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), also known as pigweed, fatweed, pusle, and little hogweed, is an annual succulent herb in the family Portulacaceae that is found in most corners of the globe. From the ancient ages purslane has been treated as a major weed of vegetables as well as other crops. However, worldwide researchers and nutritionists have studied this plant as a potential vegetable crop for humans as well as animals. Purslane is a nutritious vegetable with high antioxidant properties and recently has been recognized as the richest source of α-linolenic acid, essential omega-3 and 6 fatty acids, ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol and β-carotene. The lack of vegetable sources of ω-3 fatty acids has resulted in a growing level of attention to introduce purslane as a new cultivated vegetable. In the rapid-revolutionizing worldwide atmosphere, the ability to produce improved planting material appropriate to diverse and varying rising conditions is a supreme precedence. Though various published reports on morphological, physiological, nutritional and medicinal aspects of purslane are available, research on the genetic improvement of this promising vegetable crop are scant. Now it is necessary to conduct research for the genetic improvement of this plant. Genetic improvement of purslane is also a real scientific challenge. Scientific modernization of conventional breeding with the advent of advance biotechnological and molecular approaches such as tissue culture, protoplast fusion, genetic transformation, somatic hybridization, marker-assisted selection, qualitative trait locus mapping, genomics, informatics and various statistical representation have opened up new opportunities of revising the relationship between genetic diversity, agronomic performance and response to breeding for varietal improvement. This review is an attempt to amalgamate the assorted scientific information on purslane propagation, cultivation, varietal improvement, nutrient analyses, medicinal uses and to describe prospective research especially for genetic improvement of this crop.     

马齿苋多糖对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠组织IL-6/STAT3及NF-κB的影响

目的：采用TNBS （2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸）复制溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型,探索马齿苋多糖对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠组织IL6/STAT3及NF-κB的影响,明确IL-6/STAT3信号通路与慢性炎症性肠病发病的关系,为慢性溃疡性结肠炎的治疗寻找新靶点。方法：将40只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、美沙拉嗪组和马齿苋组（n=10）。采用TNBS诱导复制结肠炎模型,造模成功后第3天开始灌胃给药：美沙拉嗪组剂量为每次10 mg/kg,每日1次,连续3周;马齿苋组给予马齿苋多糖,每次10 ml/kg,每日1次,连续3周;模型组和对照组大鼠给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,每日1次,连续3周。收集大鼠结肠内容物称重,干燥后再次称重,取结肠组织作病理切片。采用ELISA试剂盒检测血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α和核转录因子-kappa B （NF-κB）含量;免疫组化染色法测定结肠髓过氧化物酶（MPO）;RT-PCR法检测信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT3）、IL-6的mRNA。结果：与模型组、美沙拉嗪组比较,马齿苋组大鼠排便状态明显改善,肠粘膜水肿减轻;血清IL-6、sIL-6Rα、gp130,肠组织MPO、NF-κB含量均降低（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,马齿苋组STAT3、IL-6mRNA的表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）。与对照组比较,上述指标无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：马齿苋多糖通过降低大鼠血清IL-6、sIL-6Rα、gp130含量及肠组织MPO、NF-κB水平,减轻sIL-6Rα与IL-6形成复合物所致的炎症反应;经IL-6/STAT3信号通路下调大鼠肠组织STAT3和IL-6的mRNA水平,从而抑制炎症的发生。     

Controlling of Portulaca oleracea and Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower using leaf extracts of Psidium guava

Experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to investigate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of dry and fresh leaves of Psidium guava on purslane weed growth and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower plants cv. Giza 102. A Petri dish assay showed that the aqueous extracts significantly reduced seedling length of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), with the degree of inhibition being concentration dependent. Greenhouse studies (in 2008 and 2009) indicated greatest significant inhibition in purslane growth as well as number of galls and egg masses of infecting nematode. However, this inhibition was accompanied with increase in sunflower growth and yield. The studies indicated increase in the endogenous contents of total phenols in purslane tissues which correlated with growth inhibition. Chemical analysis indicated increase in the contents of carbohydrates, protein and oil in sunflower seeds. The studies involved analysis of fatty acid composition by GLC which indicated increasing in the percentage of oleic and linoeic acids in sunflower seeds by fresh and dry leaves extract of P. guava. The percentage of linoleic acid and linolenic acid was higher by fresh and dry leaves extract. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of P. guava extracts recorded that the ferulic, coumaric, vanelic, chlorogenic, caffiec acids were present.     

Effects of salt stress on purslane (Portulaca oleracea) nutrition

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of saline stress on the chemical composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), in particular the mineral composition. Four salinity levels were investigated using irrigation solutions with electrical conductivity values of 0.8, 6.8, 12.8 and 24.2 dS m^?1 and two planting dates (May and July) were tested. Samples of full‐grown leaf and stems of purslane were harvested after 7 and 15 days of the saline treatment exposure. Chemical analysis (dry matter basis) of leaves showed significant differences among the different saline treatments for all the characteristics measured. Salinity levels, planting date and harvest time significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the levels of crude protein, total lipids, ash and carbohydrate content. Salinity treatments did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the water content of purslane leaves. The crude protein content of purslane leaves decreased with increasing salinity levels and time of exposure to treatment. However, carbohydrates and mineral residue content increased. An unusual phenomenon was noted for intermediate salinity levels, whereby an increase in total lipid content was measured in leaves of plants exposed to salinity treatments of 6.8 and 12.8 dS m^?1. The highest mineral residue content was seen in leaves of purslane exposed to the highest salinity treatment. The mineral composition was also affected by salinity levels, Na and Cl uptake, and accumulation increased with increasing salinity in irrigation solution; Mg concentration was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by salinity levels, although a slight increase was seen, and Ca, K and Zn levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Ca and Zn preferentially accumulated in the leaves, while K and Na values were higher in the stems. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in relative ratio of Na/K, Mg/K, Na/Ca and Mg/Ca was observed with increasing salinity levels. A decrease in the yield of purslane was only observed for the most severe saline treatment, where the highest ratio of Mg/Ca was seen. This study reveals that purslane is relatively tolerant to conditions of moderate salinity, thus improving its potential to become a key vegetable crop for animal and human consumption.     

马齿苋、金银花提取液对绿脓杆菌PA11株R质粒体内消除作用的比较

制备肠道去污染小鼠动物模型 ,经口感染绿脓杆菌 PA11,同时口饲马齿苋提取液或金银花提取液 2 m g/只 ,2 4h、48h后给予同样药物计量。分离单个菌落 ,影印培养 ,计数消除子。结果显示 :两种药作用2 4h均未获得消除子 ,作用 48h和 72 h R质粒平均消除率马齿苋为 2 .15 %、金银花为 12 .2 5 %。消除子均表现为多重耐药性丢失     

Nano essential oils against the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is the biggest pest of various palm species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the essential oils of purslane, mustard and castor (bulk and nano) on R. ferrugineus and to evaluate the oviposition deterrent effect to prevent new infestations. Prepared concentrations of essential oils (bulk and nano) were tested for their impact on R. ferrugineus larvae, pupae and adults. The most effective oil was purslane oil (bulk and nano), followed by mustard and the least effective was castor. The percent mortality of larvae was 75.2, 45.3 and 17.9% (bulk phase) and 92.5, 84.4 and 65.5% (nano phase) in purslane, mustard and castor, respectively, when treated with the high concentration. The percent mortality of adults was 67.2, 40.0 and 15.6% (bulk phase) and 83.5, 72.9 and 60.0% (nano phase) in purslane, mustard and castor, respectively, when treated with the high concentration. The number of eggs laid decreased with increasing concentration of the tested oils. Purslane essential oil showed good impact on R. ferrugineus larvae and adults followed by mustard and castor oils as bulk and as nano.     

Participation of ethylene in common purslane response to dicamba

The responses of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) plants to 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) were found to be similar in many respects to ethylene fumigation effects. Dicamba and ethylene increased the permeability of cell membranes in purslane tissues. An increased efflux of electrolytes was observed in the bending region of the stems of dicamba-treated plants. Epinastic leaves after dicamba (10 micrograms) and ethylene (microliter per liter) treatments showed an increased efflux of rubidium. The permeability effects were observable within 1 day after dicamba or ethylene application. Protein metabolism in purslane leaves was not influenced by dicamba until 2 days after treatment, as indicated by reduced nitrate reductase activity. Inhibition of phenylalanine-U-¹⁴C incorporation into protein was observed 3 days after treatment. Ethylene reduced both phenylalanine-U-¹⁴C incorporation into protein and nitrate reductase activity within 1 day. Dicamba caused a rapid increase in ethylene production in purslane plants to levels many times greater than those observed in untreated plants. It was concluded that the dicamba-enhanced production of ethylene is responsible for many of the observed effects of the herbicide.     

Salinity Reduction and Biomass Accumulation in Hydroponic Growth of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)

In many of the world's semi-arid and arid regions, the increase in demand for good quality water associated with the gradual and irreversible salinisation of the soil and water have raised the development of techniques that facilitate the safe use of brackish and saline waters for agronomic purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the salinity reduction of experimental saline solutions through the ions uptake capability of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), as well as its biomass accumulation. The hydroponic system used contained three different nutrient solutions composed of fixed concentrations of macro and micronutrients to which three different concentrations of sodium chloride had been added. Two conditions were tested, clipped and intact plants. It was observed that despite there being a notable removal of magnesium and elevated biomass accumulation, especially in the intact plants, purslane did not present the expected removal quantity of sodium and chloride. We confirmed that in the research conditions of the present study, purslane is a saline-tolerant species but accumulation of sodium and chloride was not shown as previously described in the literature.