孕妇尿液人巨细胞病毒DNA筛查及血液HCMV抗体测定的对照研究

目的对于孕妇尿液进行HCMV—DNA筛查,减少和有效地避免胎儿及新生儿的HCMV感染。HCMV．DNA筛查同时进行HCMV抗体检测,明确诊断HCMV感染的灵敏、准确方法。方法应用荧光定量PCR（FQ．PCR）方法进行尿液HCMV-DNA测定。血液HCMV IgM、IgG抗体检测应用酶联免疫（ELISA）方法。结果筛查6568例孕妇尿HCMV．DNA,阳性273例,阳性率为4．2％。孕妇在12—20周者,阳性率为10．3％;孕妇在21～30周者,阳性率为33．3％;孕妇在31～39周者,阳性率为56．4％。在273例尿液HCMV—DNA阳性者中,56例同时进行血液HCMV IgM、IgG抗体检测,Igi抗体阳性者2例,IgG抗体阳性者22例。结论在孕妇HCMV感染的筛查与诊断中FQ．PCR是灵敏准确的方法。孕妇中HCMV—DNA筛查是保证母婴健康,提高人口素质的保障。     

SLE患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体阳性原因分析

为了探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)抗体测定在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者中的假阳性问题,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了66例正常对照和31例SLE患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体的阳性率。结果,66例正常对照中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体的阳性率为3.0%(2/66);31例SLE患者中,IgM抗体和IgG抗体阳性率分别为29%(9/31)和58.1%(18/31),IgG抗体和IgM抗体同时阳性为22.6%(7/31)。经RTPCR检测,上述阳性病例均为阴性。结论:用非纯化抗原制备的ELISA试剂盒测定SLE患者的SARS-CoV抗体,可能出现假阳性,两种抗体同时测定可降低诊断的假阳性率,提高诊断的特异性。在SLE患者中出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原有关。     

检测巨细胞病毒(CMV)DNA及其即刻早期抗原、pp65和pp67在肾移植受者术后巨细胞病毒感染早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨检测巨细胞病毒(CMV)DNA及其即刻早期抗原(IE)、巨细胞病毒pp65和pp67抗体对肾移植受者术后巨细胞病毒感染早期诊断的临床应用价值。方法按肾移植术受者术后3个月外周血是否出现CMV抗原,将71例患者分为CMV感染组(56例)和CMV未感染组(15例),肾移植术受者手术前和术后第1个月每周检查1次,第2、3个月每2周检查1次外周血巨细胞病毒pp65和巨细胞病毒pp67、即刻早期抗原(immediate early antigen,IE),巨细胞病毒DNA和IgM、IgG,共8次;以监测与分析评价肾移植术受者手术前后各项指标变化。结果肾移植术前71例肾移植受者PP65、PP67、IE、CMV DNA均为阴性;肾移植术后CMV感染组的pp65、pp67、IE、CMV DNA阳性率分别为67.8%(38/56)、66.1%(37/56)、64.2%(36/56)和48.2%(27/56),CMV未感染组4项指标值分别为0%、0%、13.3%(2/15)、和0%,两组差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。肾移植术后CMV感染组(56例)和CMV未感染组(15例)CMV IgG均为阳性,而IgM阳性率在CMV感染组仅为3.5%(2/56),在CMV未感染组为0%,IgM表达率在CMV感染组和未感染组无统计学差异(P0.05)。观察期内感染组与未感染组相比,术后CMV pp65,pp67,CMV DNA和IE指标出现阳性的例数及阳性出现的具体时间均有显著性差别(P均0.01),而IgM和IgG则均无显著性差别(P均0.05)。结论肾移植术后患者外周血CMV DNA,IE,pp65和pp67抗原检测阳性与其术后巨细胞病毒感染相关。检测CMV DNA、IE、pp65和pp67抗原可能更早更准确反映器官移植术后CMV活动性感染。而CMV IgG和IgM不能作为肾移植后患者CMV感染的诊断指标。     

人巨细胞病毒pp65特异性抗体测定在原发感染诊断中的应用

目的 通过测定患者单份血清人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)pp65特异性IgM抗体和IgG亲和指数(AI),建立HCMV原发感染的临床判断标准.方法 从临床收集40份患儿血清和尿标本,以本室自制的pp65为抗原,运用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清标本中HCMV pp65特异性IgM抗体;同时通过尿素变性实验,以6M尿素作为温和蛋白变性剂,测定HCMVpp65 IgG AI.尿标本常规处理后接种人胚成纤维(HF)细胞进行病毒分离,观察HCMV特异性细胞病变效应(CPE),聚合酶链反应(PCR)试验检测细胞培养物UL83基因,间接免疫荧光试验检测细胞玻片HCMV抗原.并将病毒分离结果 同血清学方法 进行比较.结果 40例标本中,IgM阳性13例,IgG阳性30例,其中,仅IgM阳性4例,病毒分离结果 亦为阳性,可诊断为原发感染;30例IgG阳性标本中,2种抗体均为阳性9例(A组),其中,5例AI＜50﹪,病毒分离结果 均为阳性,判断为原发感染;1例AI在50﹪与60﹪之间,为可疑原发感染,需要进一步鉴定;3例AI＞60﹪,判断为继发感染.IgG阳性21例(B组),其中仅3例(14.29﹪)AI＜50﹪,但病毒分离结果 为阴性,提示患者不久前曾发生HCMV原发感染,特异性IgM抗体已经转阴,病毒进入潜伏状态;余18例患者AI均＞60﹪,判断为继发感染;2种抗体均为阴性的标本有6例,病毒分离结果 亦为阴性,说明患者未被感染.统计学分析,A组与B组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清学方法 与病毒分离比较,一致率为75.49﹪,该方法 灵敏度为100﹪,特异度为87.10﹪,准确度为90.00﹪.结论 以HCMV pp65重组蛋白为抗原检测特异性抗体以及相应IgG AI的ELISA,可快速诊断HCMV原发感染和继发感染;该方法 具有高度特异性与敏感性,操作简便,重复性好,具有良好的临床应用前景.     

内蒙地区发热患者血清中冠状病毒抗体的检测

目的分析内蒙地区发热患者中冠状病毒的感染情况。方法以SARS冠状病毒感染Vero细胞涂片为冠状病毒抗原片,用间接免疫荧光法分别检测55例发热患者和68例正常人血清中冠状病毒的IgG、IgM抗体。结果发热患者血清中冠状病毒IgG抗体和IgM抗体阳性率分别为29.1%(16/55)和10.9%(6/55),而正常人血清中只检测到2.9%(2/68)的IgG抗体,且未检测到IgM抗体,2组患者的IgG和IgM抗体阳性率比较差异均有显著性;随机选取7例患者的IgG阳性血清进行SRAS冠状病毒的特异性抗体封闭实验,结果有6例血清仍为阳性,有1例血清转为阴性,说明冠状病毒IgG抗体阳性血清中85.7%为普通冠状病毒特异性,14.3%为SARS冠状病毒特异性。结论普通冠状病毒是内蒙地区发热患者的主要病原体之一,部分患者还存在SARS冠状病毒的既往感染。     

胶体金免疫层析法检测新型冠状病毒IgM/IgG抗体的临床评价与应用

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染暴发流行已成为全球公共卫生事件,急需快速有效的现场诊断试剂。为探讨SARS-CoV-2病毒IgM/IgG抗体胶体金免疫层析法检测效果及临床应用价值,本研究选取304例新冠肺炎临床诊断病例、114例SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阴性的正常人(138)及其他发热伴呼吸道症状病例(64),采用胶体金法对采自上述病例的血浆或血清标本进行IgM和IgG抗体检测,并选取部分病例进行了全血和血浆或血清标本的检测同源性比较,进一步对304例临床诊断病例的病毒核酸、IgM/IgG抗体的时间分布进行了分析。结果显示,304临床诊断病例中,SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性病例为105例,胶体金法检测SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体的敏感性分别为76.2%(80/105)和86.6%(91/105),IgM/IgG抗体阳性总体符合率为96.1%(101/105);核酸、抗体均为阴性者为73例;其余126例临床诊断病例中,IgM阳性率为69.2%(87/126),IgG阳性率为98.3%(125/126),IgM/IgG总体符合率为100%(126/126)。健康人和其他发热病人中,IgM和IgG检测特异性分别为99%(200/202)和98%(198/202)。同源全血与血浆或血清标本抗体检测结果的总符合率为99%,显示两者具有高度一致性。本研究提示,胶体金法检测SARS-CoV-2抗体有较好的敏感性及特异性,可用于临床辅助诊断和流行病学调查等,具有较广泛的应用场景,在新冠肺炎疫情防控中具有一定的应用价值。     

正常顺产儿与早产儿人巨细胞病毒和风疹病毒脐带血清抗体检测分析

通过间接酶联免疫法检测178份新生儿(正常顺产儿为114例,早产儿64例)脐带血血清中人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)和风疹病毒(rubella virus,RV)IgG和IgM抗体,并分析所测结果与临床表现的相关性。结果表明,178例新生儿脐带血血清中HCMV-IgG阳性标本为168例(94.38%),HCMV-IgM阳性标本为1例(0.56%);RV-IgG阳性标本为119例(66.85%);RV-IgM阳性标本为1例(0.56%)。其中,正常顺产儿脐带血中HCMV-IgM和RV-IgM阳性率均为0.87%(1/114),HCMV-IgG阳性率为94.73%(108/114),RV-IgG阳性率为61.40%(70/114),HCMV和RV IgG两者均阳性者为55.26%(63/114);早产儿HCMV-IgM和RV-IgM均为阴性(0/64),HCMV-IgG阳性率为93.75%(60/64),RV-IgG阳性率为76.56%(49/64),HCMV和RV IgG两者均阳性者为70.31%(45/64)。早产儿与正常顺产儿比较,早产儿的RV-IgG阳性率和HCMV和RV-IgG两者均阳性者均高于正常顺产儿,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。可见,HCMV感染率较高,至今仍无有效的HCMV疫苗,应加大疫苗研发力度。所查新生儿RV-IgG阳性率为66.48%,提示中国33%以上的育龄期妇女有在孕早期暴露感染的机率,国家有必要加大该种疫苗的接种力度。     

侵袭性真菌深部感染的早期实验室诊断

目的探讨假丝酵母菌甘露聚糖抗原和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体、曲霉半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体在侵袭性真菌病早期临床诊断中的应用价值。方法收集已确诊侵袭性假丝酵母菌病患者18例,侵袭性烟曲霉病患者6例,单纯细菌感染患者20例,浅部真菌感染患者20例,健康体检者(正常对照组)20例,通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清甘露聚糖和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体以及曲霉半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体浓度,计算各指标的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积。结果甘露聚糖抗原和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体联合测定的敏感度为66.7%,特异度为83.3%,阴性预测值为100.0%,阳性预测值为85.7%,ROC曲线下面积为0.992(95%CI:0.974~1.000);半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体联合测定的敏感度为66.7%,特异度为95.0%,阴性预测值为98.2%,阳性预测值为100.0%,ROC曲线下面积为0.978(95%CI:0.934~1.000)。结论甘露聚糖抗原和假丝酵母菌IgG/IgM抗体、半乳甘露聚糖抗原和烟曲霉IgG抗体联合检测对深部真菌感染的早期诊断具有重要意义。     

SLE患者血清中SARS—CoV抗体阳性原因分析

为了探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS—CoV)抗体测定在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者中的假阳性问题,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量RT—PCR技术检测了66例正常对照和31例SLE患者血清中SARS—CoV抗体的阳性率。结果,66例正常对照中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体的阳性率为3．0％(2／66);31例SLE患者中,IgM抗体和IgG抗体阳性率分别为29％(9／31)和58．1％(18／31),IgG抗体和IgM抗体同时阳性为22．6％(7／31)。经RT—PCR检测,上述阳性病例均为阴性。结论：用非纯化抗原制备的ELISA试剂盒测定SLE患者的SARS—COV抗体,可能出现假阳性,两种抗体同时测定可降低诊断的假阳性率,提高诊断的特异性。在SLE患者中出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原有关。     

肿瘤患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体阳性原因分析

探讨SARS冠状病毒(SARS—CoV)抗体在SARS病原学诊断中的特异性及其在肿瘤患血清中的假阳性问题。应用ELISA和荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了111例正常对照和40例肿瘤患血清中SARS—CoV抗体的阳性率。在111例正常对照中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体的阳性率为3．6％(4／111);IgG抗体诊断SARS的特异性为96．4％,两种抗体同时阳性诊断SARS的特异性为100％。40例肿瘤患中,IgM抗体均阴性,IgG抗体阳性率17．5％(7／40)。经RT—PCR检测,上述肿瘤患阳性病例均为阴性。结果表明,同时测定SARS—CoV的两种抗体可降低诊断的假阳性率,提高诊断的特异性。用非纯化SARS—CoV抗原制备的ELISA试剂盒测定肿瘤患的SARS—CoV抗体,可能出现假阳性。在肿瘤患中出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.