HBIG,无环鸟苷,干扰素联合对慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒效应观察

本文报道血清ＨＢＶ复制标志阳性的慢乙肝５４例,随机分为治疗组及对照组各２７例进行ＨＢＩＧ、无环鸟苷、干扰素联合近、远期抗病毒效应观察。治疗组为无环鸟苷第一周按２５～２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ计后改１７～１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ×５３天,共６０天;人白细胞干扰素１×１０６Ｕ肌注每周３次×４周,后改１．０×１０６Ｕ肌注每周２次×６周,共１０周;ＨＢＩＧ４００Ｕ肌注隔日１次,共１０周,对照组仅给予一般“保肝”药物。其中治疗组１８例,对照组１９例进行治后半年到２年追踪观察,结果近、远期ＨＢｃＡｇ、ＤＮＡＰ、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率治疗组均高于对照组,其中治疗组近、远期ＨＢｃＡｇ,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率均达４０％以上,明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）,治疗组近、远期各有４例及２例ＨＢｓＡｇ阴转,而对照组则无一例阴转,从近、远期综合抗病毒效应观察,治疗组全阴率分别为３３．３％、４４．４％,而对照组分别为３．７９％及０％,Ｐ＜０．０１,治疗组无明显毒副反应。对比单用无环鸟苷,全阴率３１．８％;无环鸟苷加干扰素两药联合全阴率３７．５％,均有所提高,达到４４．４％,值得进一步研究。     

菹草（Potamogeton crispus）对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素

菹草（Ｐｏｔａｍｏｇｅｔｏｎ ｃｒｉｓｐｕｓ）对水中氮、磷的吸收与ｐＨ、光照、水温、根／茎生物量比及底泥间隙水与上覆水中营养盐浓度比有关。在ｐＨ为８．０－９．５、水温为１９－２８Ｃ的实验条件下,水中ＮＨ＿４－Ｎ浓度低于０．３５ｍｇ·１左右时;菹草茎、叶优先吸收ＮＯ＿３－Ｎ;水中ＮＨ＿４－Ｎ浓度大于０．３５ｍｇ·１￣（－１）左右时,菹草则优先吸收ＮＮ＿４－Ｎ,这一选择吸收与ＮＨ＿４－Ｎ／ＮＯ＿３－Ｎ比值无关。强光照、高温（３０℃）和高ｐＮ的协同作用严重影响菹草硝酸盐还原酶活性。在自然条件下,菹草根部主要从底泥中吸收ＮＨ＿４－Ｎ、ＰＯ＿４－Ｐ,对ＮＯ＿３－Ｎ吸收甚微;茎、叶主要从水层中吸收ＮＯ＿３－Ｎ,对ＰＯ＿４－Ｐ吸收甚少。一般情况下,浮游植物和菹草对水体中的氮、磷吸收无多大矛盾。菹草倒伏后腐败分解释放大量营养盐,为浮游植物的增殖创造了条件。     

过氧化氢和次黄嘌呤＋黄嘌呤氧化酶对家兔离体肺、脑动脉环缺氧反应的影响

在家兔离体肺内动脉、脑基底动脉环观察了过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）及次黄嘌呤＋黄嘌呤氧化酶（ＨＸ＋ＸＯ）对动脉环缺氧反应的影响。结果发现：（１）Ｈ２Ｏ２１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ加强ｆ去内皮肺动脉环（ＰＡ－）的缺氧收缩幅度（ＴＩＨ）,而Ｈ２Ｏ２３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＨＸ１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ＋ＸＯ０．１及０．０３Ｕ／ｍｌ则可抑制内皮完整肺动脉环（ＰＡ＋）及ＰＡ－的ＴＩＨ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;（２）各剂量Ｈ２Ｏ２及ＨＸ＋ＸＯ对有、无内皮的脑基底动脉环的ＴＩＨ均无显著影响。     

菹草（Potamogeton crispus）对水中氮、磷的吸收及若干影响因素

菹草（Ｐｏｔａｍｏｇｅｔｏｎ ｃｒｉｓｐｕｓ）对水中氮,磷的吸收与ＰＨ,光照,水温,根／茎生物量比及底泥间隙水与上覆水中营养盐浓度比有关。在ＰＨ为８．０－９．５,水温为１９－２８℃的实验条件下,水中ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度低于０．３５ｍｇ．１＾－１左右时,菹草茎,叶优先吸收ＮＯ３－Ｎ;水中ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度大于０．３５ｍｇ．１＾－１左右时,菹草测优先吸收ＮＨ４－Ｎ这一选择吸收与ＮＨ４－Ｎ／ＮＯ３－Ｎ比值无关,强     

XCCNAU-92生产黄原胶的工业发酵培养基成份

ＸＣＣＮＡＵ－９２生产黄原胶的工业发酵培养基成份是：蔗糖、玉米淀粉、氮源Ｘ、鱼粉、ＣａＣＯ３、ＭｇＳＯ４、Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４。适宜的Ｃ／Ｎ是：蔗糖（玉米淀粉）／氮源Ｘ＝６０．０／１．０,蔗糖（玉米淀粉）／鱼粉＝６０．０／１０．０。ＣａＣＯ３、ＭｇＳＯ４对ＸＣＣＮＡＵ－９２合成黄原胶有明显促进作用,Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４在发酵过程中使ｐＨ保持稳定,Ｍｎ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、柠檬酸和谷氨酸对生产黄原胶无促进作用。     

不同硼浓度对棉花磷的吸收和分配的影响（简报）

在缺硼和高硼条件下,棉花的Ｉｍａｘ明显降低,Ｐｉ的吸收受抑,高硼大于缺硼,磷由根向地上部的运输也有受抑的趋势,０、５．４、１０８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硼对棉花吸收的Ｐｉ的Ｋｍ值匀无明显,说明Ｈ３ＢＯ３与Ｈ２ＰＯ４＾－和ＨＰＯ４＾＝不存在竞争性抑制。     

组胺H_2受体激动剂和拮抗剂对WEHI_3细胞增殖的作用

近年来研究表明组胺及其受体在正常造血调控中起着重要作用。本研究用琼脂半固体培养技术观察了特异性组胺Ｈ２受体激动剂英普咪定和拮抗剂西咪替丁对髓系粒－单核细胞白血病干细胞株ＷＥＨＩ３细胞生长的影响。结果表明不同浓度的英普咪定（１０－８─１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对集落数呈明显剂量依赖性抑制,与对照组比较ｐ＜０．０１。１０－１０─１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ英普咪定对集落数无明显影响。１０－４─６×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的英普咪定对集落产率的抑制作用趋于饱和。最大抑制效能为对照组的５４％（ｐ＜０．０１）。１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ西咪替丁能完全阻断１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ英普咪定的集落抑制作用。对≥１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ英普咪定的作用西咪替丁均有部分阻断作用,与对照组比较Ｐ＜０．０１。单用西咪替丁对ＷＥＨＩ３细胞无明显直接作用。这提示ＷＥＨＩ３细胞株上存在有组胺Ｈ２受体,激动Ｈ２受体可抑制细胞增殖。     

用国产微孔玻璃珠初步纯化人u-PA

用国产微孔玻璃珠从ＣＤ－１工程细胞株培养上清中纯化ｕ－ＰＡ,摸索了微孔玻璃珠结合ｕ－ＰＡ的条件和洗脱方法,比较了硫酸铵线性梯度洗脱或２５％乙二醇洗脱ｕ－ＰＡ活性的结果,最后确定洗脱的条件为０．２５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ、１～２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４、ｐＨ９．３。经此一步纯化,ｕ－ＰＡ比活性达到１５３２９ＩＵ／ｍｇ,回收率７８％,还原条件下ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分子量为５２×１０３的单链ｕ－ＰＡ占７４％。     

小麦根圈细菌铁载体的检测

本文报道微生物铁载体定性与定量测定的方法,以及小麦根圈细菌铁载体的室内检测结果。２２株小麦根圈耐寒细菌和２株固氮菌在定性检测平板上产生铁载体,另有３株固氮菌不产。定量测定结果表明：３６株水溶性色素产生菌合成铁载体的量在０．７１５－０．１０６（Ａ／Ａｒ）之间,其中属于荧光假单胞菌群的２５个菌株铁载体产量的测定值（Ａ／Ａｒ）在０．１８４－０．１０６之间,达极高量水平。     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

正交设计试验结果表明,黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ ｍ１２）产木聚糖酶活力达７６．６０ｕ／ｍｌ,合适的产酶发酵条件如下,培养基（ｇ／Ｌ）：麸皮４０,尿素６．６７,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ １．０,ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５,ＮａＣｌ０．３,Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０ ３．０,ＣａＣＯ３ ２．０,２８℃,１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ水浴振荡培养５．５ｄ。     

PCR检测中国对虾暴发性流行病毒靶基因的克隆和序列分析

An explosive epidemic disease of shrimp had occurred in China and the south Pacific coast. The causative agent is a new baculovirus called hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis baculovirus (HHNBV) in China, and the pathogen is very much similar to Japanese panaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) which caused mass mortality of shrimp. In order to distinguish both HHNBV and PRDV at molecular level, we have sequenced the PCR-targeted DNA fragment of HHNBV. One pair of PCR primers were prepared based on the PRDV DNA. The sequence of the PCR-targeted DNA of HHNBV is 975bp in length, and shares 99.7% homology with the PRDV. The sequence of PCR-targeted DNA of HHNBV-XIA differs from PRDV DNA in deleting three nucleotides (CAT) at 510～512 site. These characteristics of the sequence classified HHNBV and PRDV as strains of different genotypes.     

PCR法检测对虾皮下和造血器官坏死杆状病毒

皮下和造血器官坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）［１］、对虾杆状ＤＮＡ病毒（ＰＲＤＶ）［２］和白斑杆状病毒（ＷＳＢＶ）［３］是近年来引起全球对虾暴发性死亡的病原。这三种病毒同属杆状病毒属Ｃ杆状病毒亚群中的新病毒,在流行病学和病理学特征上十分类似,因此,我们...     

Virus diseases of farmed shrimp in the Western Hemisphere (the Americas): a review

Penaeid shrimp aquaculture is an important industry in the Americas, and the industry is based almost entirely on the culture of the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Western Hemisphere shrimp farmers in 14 countries in 2004 produced more than 200,000 metric tons of shrimp, generated more than $2 billion in revenue, and employed more than 500,000 people. Disease has had a major impact on shrimp aquaculture in the Americas since it became a significant commercial entity in the 1970s. Diseases due to viruses, rickettsial-like bacteria, true bacteria, protozoa, and fungi have emerged as major diseases of farmed shrimp in the region. Many of the bacterial, fungal and protozoan caused diseases are managed using improved culture practices, routine sanitation, and the use of chemotherapeutics. However, the virus diseases have been far more problematic to manage and they have been responsible for the most costly epizootics. Examples include the Taura syndrome pandemic that began in 1991-1992 when the disease emerged in Ecuador, and the subsequent White Spot Disease pandemic that followed its introduction to Central America from Asia in 1999. Because of their socioeconomic significance to shrimp farming, seven of the nine crustacean diseases listed by the World Animal Organization (OIE) are virus diseases of shrimp. Of the seven virus diseases of penaeid shrimp, five are native to the Americas or have become enzootic following their introduction. The shrimp virus diseases in the Americas are increasingly being managed by exclusion using a combination of biosecurity and the practice of culturing domesticated specific pathogen-free (SPF) stocks or specific pathogen-resistant (SPR) stocks. Despite the significant challenges posed by disease, the shrimp farming industry of the Americas has responded to the challenges posed by disease and it has developed methods to manage its diseases and mature into a sustainable industry.     

双抗体夹心ELISA法检测养殖对虾病毒的研究

用纯化的长毛对虾球状病毒（PPSV）和日本对虾中肠腺坏死杆状病毒（BMNV）制备新西兰兔抗BMNV和抗PPSV抗血清及Balb／c小鼠抗BMNV和抗PPSV抗血清,建立检测PSV和BMNV的双抗体夹心ELISA检测法,结果表明,双抗体夹心ELISA法具有较高的灵敏度,可以从100μl待测组织匀浆液中检测到50ng的PPSV蛋白,以及100ng的BMNV蛋白。不同病毒抗血清无交叉反应性,用该ELISA技术检测养殖对虾和多种采自养殖虾池及其附近的近海岸生物,发现相当比例的外观正常的对虾和近海岸生物已呈阳性反应     

养殖对虾病害生态防治的探讨

养殖对虾病害的生态防治尚处于探索研究阶段。从养殖水环境控制、养殖方式和结构调整等方面,综合分析了近年虾病生态防治研究工作的成果,提出要建立一套科研、生产、推广的完整生态防治体系应从以下几方面着手：调查虾池及近海水域生态环境,加强近海环境保护;利用复合生态渔业提高虾池能量转换效率,达到生态效益和经济效益的统一;用模拟试验研究,为评价和完善对虾养殖管理对策提供根据。     

对虾—病毒互作的分子机制研究

白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)是危害对虾的主要病原,给全球水产养殖业带来了巨大经济损失,但至今仍未发现有效的防治方法。过去10年来,国内外学者在WSSV侵染和对虾抗病毒免疫的研究方面取得了长足的进展,该文主要介绍这方面的研究进展。     

对虾抗病毒免疫研究现状

白斑综合征病毒（white spot syndrome virus,wssv）,是对虾养殖中主要的致病病毒,在全球范围内引起急性感染和致死反应,带来巨大的经济损失。之前的研究主要集中在对虾的先天免疫反应上,在抗病毒反应方面的尚所知有限。总结了近年来对虾抗病毒免疫研究取得的主要成果,概括了病毒侵染对虾后分子水平上的改变,旨在为更加有效的预防和治疗白斑综合症提供参考。     

Major viral diseases of the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) in Thailand

There are five different viruses which are currently being studied for their impact on commercial farming of the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) in Thailand. Some of these viruses cause disease in other penaeid shrimp species and even other crustacean species. Some occur not only in cultivated shrimp in other Asian countries, but also in those from Australia and the western hemisphere. In descending order from greatest to least economic impact on the Thai shrimp industry, the five viruses are: white-spot baculovirus, yellow-head virus, hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoeitic necrosis virus and monodon baculovirus. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent work on these viruses and to suggest future directions of research that may be useful in the effort to develop a sustainable shrimp industry.     

白斑综合症病毒感染相关蛋白质相互作用的研究进展

白斑综合症病毒（white spot syndrome virus,WSSV）是危害对虾的主要病原,给全球水产养殖业带来了巨大经济损失,但至今仍未发现有效的防治方法。研究病毒与宿主的相互作用对于深入了解病毒的致病机理和宿主的免疫机制,从而寻找合适的抗病毒措施具有非常重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。该文主要介绍了蛋白质相互作用的研究方法,以及WSSV病毒蛋白之间、病毒—宿主蛋白之间和宿主蛋白之间相互作用的研究进展,为有效地防治WSSV及相关科研提供参考。     

生态理念下对虾健康养殖发展建议

随着对虾产业的不断壮大,对虾类水产养殖过程中疾病频发、水环境污染等问题日益突出,其品种和养殖模式的多样化使得这一矛盾更加难以解决.本文回顾了中国对虾产业50年发展过程中的疾病伴生史,并从生态学视角重新审视了对虾病原体的发生、进化以及与对虾免疫系统的关系,进而提出避免药物滥用、防重于治、注重对虾选育工作、基于生态系统方法...