共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Michael A. McCarthy Joslin L. Moore William K. Morris Kirsten M. Parris Georgia E. Garrard Peter A. Vesk Libby Rumpff Kate M. Giljohann James S. Camac S. Sana Bau Tessa Friend Barnabas Harrison Benita Yue 《Oikos》2013,122(5):717-726
Plant and animal survey detection rates are important for ecological surveys, environmental impact assessment, invasive species monitoring, and modeling species distributions. Species can be difficult to detect when rare but, in general, how detection probabilities vary with abundance is unknown. We developed a new detectability model based on the time to detection of the first individual of a species. Based on this model, the predicted detection rate is proportional to a power function of abundance with a scaling exponent between zero and one that depends on clustering of individuals. We estimated the model parameters with data from three independent datasets: searches for chenopod shrub species and coins, experimental searches for planted seedlings, and frog surveys at multiple sites in sub‐tropical forests of eastern Australia. Analyses based on the detection time and detection probability suggest that detection rate increases with abundance as predicted. The model provides a way to scale detection rates to cases of low abundance when direct estimation of detection rates is often impractical. 相似文献
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Junhua Hu YuShiang Lin Rong Xia Shuming Zhao Xiaoning Wang Huayou Zhou Jiangcun Yang Zhiwei Liu Pu Xu Changjiu Tang Xiaoyu Zhou Maohong Bian Haiyan Wang Chan Zhang Xianjun Ma Ying Xu Yuanshuai Huang Peiyuan Zhu Bailing Zhang Zhuning Mo Wenting Wang Dongxia Ren Qiang Fu Min Zhang Wenjing Hu Meng Li Hongjun Yang Qing Nian Zhengcai Ao Peng Zhang Lei Yu Jingyan Chang Bing Sun Jiwu Gong 《Blood and Genomics》2023,114(2):77-85
The ABO blood group, based on molecular biological detection technology, has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, and standardized result interpretation, and is not affected by sample immunological characteristics. However, clinically, performance verification, clinical application scope, quality management, abnormal result processing, and other issues associated with the ABO blood group molecular detection technology are relatively complex, and there is a lack of unified norms and standards. Therefore, from the perspective of the whole process of ABO molecular biology detection, this study aims to provide standardized opinions on important links affecting the detection results, common problems encountered in the detection process, and the assessment and treatment of abnormal results. Finally, a Chinese expert consensus on molecular biological technology based on genotyping and sequencing detection was put forward, which standardizes the detection process, improves the accuracy of results, and promotes the development of technology and broader clinical application. 相似文献
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The field-effect enzymatic detection technique has been applied to the amperometric immunoassay of the cancer biomarker, carcinoma antigen 125 (CA 125). The detection adopted a reagentless approach, in which the analyte, CA 125, was immobilized on the detecting electrode, which was modified using carbon nanotubes, and the detection signal was obtained by measuring the reduction peak current of the enzyme that was used to label the antibody. A gating voltage was applied to the detecting electrode, inducing increase in the signal current and therefore providing amplification of the detection signal. The voltage-controlled signal amplification of the detection system has increased the sensitivity and lowered the detection limit of the system. A detection limit of 0.9U/ml was obtained in the work. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2022,16(10):100646
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cows and has a negative impact on their welfare and life, causing significant economic losses to the dairy industry. Many attempts have been made to develop a detection method for mastitis using thermal infrared thermography. However, the use of this detection technique to determine the health of the cow's udder is susceptible to external factors, resulting in inaccurate detection of dairy cow mastitis. Therefore, this study explored a new and comprehensive detection method of dairy cow mastitis based on infrared thermal images. This method combined the left and right udder skin surface temperature (USST) difference detection method with the ocular surface temperature and USST difference detection method with improvements. The effect of external factors on dairy cow USST was effectively reduced. In addition, after comparing different target localisation algorithms, this paper used the You Only Look Once v5 (YOLOv5) deep learning network model to obtain the temperature information of eyes and udders, and mastitis detection of dairy cows was performed. A total of 105 dairy cows passing through a passage were randomly selected from the thermal infrared video and detected by the new and comprehensive detection method, and the results of cow mastitis detection were compared with somatic cell count. The results showed that the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of mastitis detection were 87.62, 84.62, and 96.30%, respectively. Using the YOLOv5 deep learning network model to locate the key parts of the cow had a good effect, with an average accuracy of 96.1%, and an average frame rate of 116.3f/s. The detection accuracy of dairy cow mastitis by deep learning technology combined with the detection method in this paper reached 85.71%. The results showed that the new and comprehensive detection method based on infrared thermal images can be used for the detection of dairy cow mastitis with high detection accuracy. This method can reduce the influence of external factors and can be integrated into the automatic identification system of dairy mastitis based on YOLOv5 to realise on-site monitoring of dairy mastitis. 相似文献
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Evaluating the effects of laboratory protocols on eDNA detection probability for an endangered freshwater fish
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Maxine P. Piggott 《Ecology and evolution》2016,6(9):2739-2750
The effectiveness and accuracy of detection using environmental DNA (eDNA) is dependent on understanding the influence laboratory methods such as DNA extraction and PCR strategies have on detection probability. Ideally choice of sampling and extraction method will maximize eDNA yield and detection probability. Determining the survey effort required to reach a satisfactory detection probability (via increased PCR replicates or more sampling) could compensate for a lower eDNA yield if the sampling and extraction method has other advantages for a study, species or system. I analysed the effect of three different sampling and extraction methods on eDNA yield, detection probability and PCR replication for detecting the endangered freshwater fish Macquaria australasica from water samples. The impact of eDNA concentration, PCR strategy, target amplicon size and two marker regions: 12S (a mitochondrial gene) and 18S (a nuclear gene) was also assessed. The choice of sampling and extraction method and PCR strategy, rather than amplicon size and marker region, had the biggest effect on detection probability and PCR replication. The PCR replication effort required to achieve a detection probability of 0.95, ranged from 2 to 6 PCR replicates depending on the laboratory method used. As all methods yielded eDNA from which M. australasica was detected using the three target amplicons, differences in eDNA yield and detection probability between the three methods could be mitigated by determining the appropriate PCR replication effort. Evaluating the effect sampling and extraction methods will have on the detection probability and determining the laboratory protocols and PCR replication required to maximize detection and minimize false positives and negatives is a useful first step for eDNA occupancy studies. 相似文献
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling—the detection of intra- or extra-cellular DNA in environmental samples—is a rapid and sensitive survey method for detecting aquatic species. Single-species detection methods (typically based on PCR or LAMP) have been shown to be more sensitive for detecting target species than multi-species detection methods, such as metabarcoding. However, previous studies have generally only compared these two eDNA detection approaches for a single target species and have used different methodological and statistical approaches. Here we present a comparison of single- and multi-species eDNA detection methods, drawing on two published case studies (one fish, one amphibian) and two new extensive datasets on a freshwater mammal (the platypus). To ensure consistent conclusions regarding the sensitivity of each eDNA method, we use the same hierarchical site occupancy-detection model for each dataset, incorporating uncertainty at the site, water sample, and technical replicate level. Overall, qPCR achieved higher detection probabilities than metabarcoding across species and datasets. However, differences in sensitivity between detection methods varied depending on methodological decisions concerning what constitutes a true positive detection (i.e., qPCR and metabarcoding thresholds). The decision as to which eDNA detection method to use should always be influenced by the study aims, but our results suggest that single-species detection methods based on qPCR may be preferable when the aim is to achieve a high detection probability for target species. 相似文献
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Since 1991, herpesvirus infections have been reported among larvae and juveniles of various bivalves. Most of the studies focused on detection of viral infections of economically important species. However, the persistence of bivalve herpesviruses in the marine environment is poorly documented. The present study concerns the role of seawater parameters in Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral DNA extracted from purified particles or virions present in infected oyster larvae were detected by PCR after storage in different media at different temperatures. The lowest detection threshold was found using distilled water or Tris EDTA buffer. In seawater, the threshold was higher. The use of sterile media permitted detection of viral DNA stored over a longer period. Storage temperature also had a significant influence on detection, with lower temperatures promoting DNA detection over a longer period. In summary, water parameters such as temperature influenced detection of OsHV-1 DNA by PCR. However, the PCR technique may also be successfully applied to samples in natural seawater. Indeed, the PCR technique permitted detection of naked viral DNA at 100 ng l(-1) in seawater in bioassays. 相似文献
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Puttharugsa C Wangkam T Huangkamhang N Gajanandana O Himananto O Sutapun B Amarit R Somboonkaew A Srikhirin T 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》2011,26(5):2341-2346
An immunosensor based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPR imaging) using a specific monoclonal antibody 11E5 (MAb 11E5) was developed for the detection of the seed-borne bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), which causes fruit blotch in watermelons and cantaloupes, and compared to the conventional ELISA technique. The 1:40 mixed self-assembled monolayer (mixed SAM) surface was used for the immobilized MAb 11E5 on sensor surface for the detection of Aac. Both whole cells and broken cells of Aac were tested by using direct and sandwich detection assay. The limit of detection (LOD) of Aac using the SPR imaging technique and a direct detection assay was 10(6)cfu/ml and a subsequent amplification of the SPR signal using a polyclonal antibody (PAb) lowered the LOD to 5×10(5) cfu/ml. The LOD for the ELISA technique was 5×10(4) cfu/ml for the detection of Aac, which was slightly better than that for the SPR technique. However, the sensor surface based on SPR imaging offered a major advantage in terms of surface regeneration, allowing at least five cycles with a shorter time assay, multi-channel analysis with an application on multiplex detection, and an ease of the surface usage for the detection of Aac in the naturally infected plant. The surface was tested against the naturally infected sample and showed good selectivity toward the Aac bacteria. 相似文献
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Berlina AN Zherdev AV Dzantiev BB Sakharov IIu 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2007,43(5):614-620
An enzyme immunoassay with colorimetric detection of sulfamethoxipyridazine (SMP), the most widely used sulfamide, was developed with the soybean anionic peroxidase as an enzyme marker. The range of SMP detection is 1.3-63.0 ng/ml with a detection limit of 0.4 ng/ml. The root square deviation of detection results did not exceed 6%. It was demonstrated that 0.15% casein added to the working buffer prevented the effect of the milk matrix on the detection. The results obtained demonstrate that the assay developed is promising, displaying a sensitivity that exceeds the maximum permissible concentration of sulfamides in milk (100 microg/l) by several orders of magnitude. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(2):398-407
Efficient detection of estrus is a permanent challenge for successful reproductive performance in dairy cattle. In this context, comprehensive knowledge of estrus-related behaviors is fundamental to achieve optimal estrus detection rates. This review was designed to identify the characteristics of behavioral estrus as a necessary basis for developing strategies and technologies to improve the reproductive management on dairy farms. The focus is on secondary symptoms of estrus (mounting, activity, aggressive and agonistic behaviors) which seem more indicative than standing behavior. The consequences of management, housing conditions and cow- and environmental-related factors impacting expression and detection of estrus as well as their relative importance are described in order to increase efficiency and accuracy of estrus detection. As traditional estrus detection via visual observation is time-consuming and ineffective, there has been a considerable advancement of detection aids during the last 10 years. By now, a number of fully automated technologies including pressure sensing systems, activity meters, video cameras, recordings of vocalization as well as measurements of body temperature and milk progesterone concentration are available. These systems differ in many aspects regarding sustainability and efficiency as keys to their adoption for farm use. As being most practical for estrus detection a high priority – according to the current research – is given to the detection based on sensor-supported activity monitoring, especially accelerometer systems. Due to differences in individual intensity and duration of estrus multivariate analysis can support herd managers in determining the onset of estrus. Actually, there is increasing interest in investigating the potential of combining data of activity monitoring and information of several other methods, which may lead to the best results concerning sensitivity and specificity of detection. Future improvements will likely require more multivariate detection by data and systems already existing on farms. 相似文献
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Hübner M. Wiegrebe L. 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2003,189(5):337-346
For a gleaning bat hunting prey from the ground, rustling sounds generated by prey movements are essential to invoke a hunting behaviour. The detection of prey-generated rustling sounds may depend heavily on the time structure of the prey-generated and the masking sounds due to their spectral similarity. Here, we systematically investigate the effect of the temporal structure on psychophysical rustling-sound detection in the gleaning bat, Megaderma lyra. A recorded rustling sound serves as the signal; the maskers are either Gaussian noise or broadband noise with various degrees of envelope fluctuations. Exploratory experiments indicate that the selective manipulation of the temporal structure of the rustling sound does not influence its detection in a Gaussian-noise masker. The results of the main experiment show, however, that the temporal structure of the masker has a strong and systematic effect on rustling-sound detection: When the width of irregularly spaced gaps in the masker exceeded about 0.3 ms, rustling-sound detection improved monotonically with increasing gap duration. Computer simulations of this experiment reveal that a combined detection strategy of spectral and temporal analysis underlies rustling-sound detection with fluctuating masking sounds. 相似文献
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A. N. Berlina A. V. Zherdev B. B. Dzantiev I. Yu. Sakharov 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2007,43(5):550-555
An enzyme immunoassay with colorimetric detection of sulfamethoxipyridazine (SMP), the most widely used sulfamide, was developed with the soybean anionic peroxidase as an enzyme marker. The range of SMP detection is 1.3–63.0 ng/ml with a detection limit of 0.4 ng/ml. The root square deviation of detection results did not exceed 6%. It was demonstrated that 0.15% casein added to the working buffer prevented the effect of the milk matrix on the detection. The results obtained demonstrate that the assay developed is promising, displaying a sensitivity that exceeds the maximum permissible concentration of sulfamides in milk (100 μg/l) by several orders of magnitude. 相似文献
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Direct detection of Listeria monocytogenes in 25 milliliters of raw milk by a two-step PCR with nested primers. 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
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A method for direct detection of Listeria monocytogenes in 25 ml of raw milk is presented. The detection limit can be situated between 10 and 5 CFU. The detection method is based on chemical extraction of the milk components and PCR amplification with two nested pairs of primers specific for Listeria monocytogenes. 相似文献
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目的:建立检测苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)crylF蛋白的表面等离子共振(SPR)传感器方法。方法:采用SPR检测技术,利用生物分子相互作用分析原理,在金表面修饰特异性单克隆抗体,对crylF蛋白的检测进行研究。结果:该方法可以较好地检测到crylF蛋白,最低检测限可达10ng/mL,并且具有很好的特异性。结论:SPR检测方法的重复性较好,灵敏度高,目前可用于crylF蛋白的定性检测,为crylF蛋白及其他Bt蛋白的检测提供了新方法,在检测转Bt基因植物方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献