番鸭呼肠孤病毒的鉴定

从以软脚为主要临床症状,以肝、脾表面有多量灰白色坏死点,肾肿大及出血为主要病变的病番鸭肝、脾组织中分离到5株病毒(MW9710、MW9803、MW9806、MW9809和MW9810).雏番鸭和雏鹅经人工感染后出现与自然病例相同的临床症状和病理变化,并能回收到病毒.樱桃谷鸭、麻鸭和鸡人工感染不发病.经电镜观察,病毒呈球形,正二十面体,立体对称,无囊膜,有双层衣壳,直径为60nm～73nm,病毒粒子在胞浆中增殖.病毒对乙醚、氯仿、胰蛋白酶、50℃处理1h和3%甲醛处理不敏感.对pH3处理2h、60℃处理30min和紫外线照射敏感.1mol/L Mg-Cl2不能增强病毒的感染力.病毒核酸型为dsRNA,病毒核酸具有禽呼肠孤病毒的特征:有10条带,按其大小可分为三类:大片段(L1～L3)、中片段(M1～M3)和小片段(S1～S4).但是MW9710株的M2和S1～S4片段的迁移率明显不同于鸡关节炎病毒(ARV)S1133株,而与番鸭呼肠孤病毒法国株(89330、89026株)的核酸电泳图谱极为相似.在血清中和试验中,ARV S1133和MW9710株互不交叉.并且,以针对ARV S1基因的特异性引物XZ11、XZ12对MW9710株等进行RT-PCR扩增,只能从ARV中扩增出特异性条带;而以MDRV89026株S1基因的特异引物HP11、HP12进行RT-PCR扩增,只能从MW9710等分离毒株中扩增出特异性条带.上述结果表明,MW9710株等5株病毒是上述疫病(番鸭"肝白点病")的病原,属呼肠孤病毒科正呼肠孤病毒属番鸭呼肠孤病毒.     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒YB株σB蛋白的基因序列分析及其原核表达

番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy duck reovirus,DRV)是造成雏番鸭高死亡率的重要病原体,深入其检测与免疫研究对于防控DRV感染意义重大。利用RT-PCR和测序技术,对3株福建DRV分离株的S3基因进行序列分析,发现DRV-YH、YJL株与禽呼肠孤病毒(Avian reovirus,ARV)遗传距离较近,同源性高达94.6%～98.9%,而DRV-YB株与ARV同源性仅为60.6%～61.7%。构建和鉴定DRV YB株重组原核表达质粒pET-30a-S3,并转化大肠杆菌BL21,SDS-PAGE表明,表达的目的蛋白分子量约为42ku,IPTG最适诱导浓度为0.1mM,最适诱导时间为5h,最适诱导温度为37℃,以包涵体形式存在。薄层扫描显示重组DRVσB蛋白占菌体总量的67.7%。以Ni 2+柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,纯化后的目的蛋白纯度为93%,质量浓度为0.86g/L。Western blot分析该融合蛋白能与抗DRV阳性血清发生特异性反应,表明重组DRVσB蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性。     

鹅源新城疫病毒ZJ1株微型基因组的构建及其初步应用

在获得鹅源新城疫病毒ZJ1株全基因组序列的基础上,用增强型绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）报告基因取代鹅源新城疫病毒ZJ1株整个编码区,只保留与病毒复制、转录和病毒粒子包装相关的调控序列,将其反向克隆入转录载体TVT7R(0.0)中,构建了该毒株的微型基因组。当转染用辅助病毒ZJ1株感染的Hep_2细胞时报告基因得到表达,表明此微型 基因组RNA可被辅助病毒提供的NP、P和L蛋白翻译。同时将该病毒NP、P和L蛋白基因分别克隆入真核表达载体pCI_neo中,构建了表达该病毒NP、P与L蛋白的辅助质粒,用此微型基因组对辅助质粒的表达产物进行了功能鉴定并对该病毒拯救过程中痘苗病毒的最适感染剂量进行了摸索。以上研究为该病毒的成功拯救及开展其它相关研究奠定了基础。     

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒基因片段的分离及体外翻译

通过1％琼脂糖电泳和十六烷基溴代三甲胺介导RNA相转移分离法,将水稳齿叶矮缩病毒基因组分为5个组份,基因组双链RNA经羟甲基汞变性后,在兔网状红细胞溶胞物翻译体系中,能高效地表达病毒蛋白质。每个RNA片段至少能编码一种蛋白蛋,但各个片段的翻译活性有明显差异。分析了该病毒基因组各组份与其表达产物的对应关系。     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与人巨细胞病毒皮层蛋白pUL23相互作用的病毒编码蛋白

人巨细胞病毒(HCMV) UL23基因编码病毒皮层蛋白,该基因缺失时,病毒在人包皮成纤维细胞(HFF)中的繁殖速度加快.为进一步阐述HCMV UL23基因编码产物 pUL23的功能及调控机制,采用鸟枪法构建了融合于GAL4活性区域的HCMV Towne株 基因组随机表达文库.利用酵母双杂交技术,以pGBKT7 -UL23为诱饵质粒,从构建 的HCMV基因组表达文库中筛选到与pUL23相互作用的病毒编码蛋白pUL24. GST-pull down实验和免疫共沉淀实验进一步确认两种病毒蛋白之间的相互作用.结果 表明,构建的HCMV基因组表达文库能够用于GAL4酵母双杂交系统筛选与诱饵蛋白相互作用的病毒自身编码蛋白.病毒蛋白pUL23和pUL24之间具有相互作用,这为进一 步阐述pUL23在HCMV感染过程中的功能提供依据.该研究为揭示HCMV病毒感染机制奠定了基础.     

我国首次分离的辛德毕斯病毒(XJ-160病毒株)全基因组核苷酸序列测定

对我国首次分离的辛德毕斯病毒ＸＪ－１６０病毒株全基因组核苷酸序列进行测定,阐明该病毒基因组与国外株的差异,了解其分子致病机理。测序结果显示,ＸＪ－１６０病毒全基因组除５’末帽子结构和３’末多聚腺苷酸尾外共１１６２６个核苷酸,编码３７３１个氨基酸。非结构基因的编码区长７４６４核苷酸（６０ｎｔ￣７５２３ｎｔ）,编码２４８６氨基酸,翻译成四种非结构蛋白（ｎｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ｎｓｐ     

香蕉束顶病毒研究进展

香蕉束顶病毒(Bananabunchytopvirus,BBTV)是引起香蕉束顶病害(Bananabunchytopdisease,BBTD)的病毒,它严重地危害了香蕉的生产。综述了近年来香蕉束顶病毒的分离提纯方法,株系划分以及分类地位,较为全面的介绍了BBTV病毒基因组分结构和各组分编码蛋白的功能等,并提出了目前需要进一步澄清的问题。     

一株辛德毕斯病毒的基因组序列测定及分析

目的：对引进的一株辛德毕斯病毒的基因组序列进行测定,阐明其与已报道毒株序列的关系。方法：对辛德毕斯病毒基因组编码区进行分段RT-PCR扩增,对非编码区采用RACE法进行扩增,将扩增产物直接进行测序,应用DNAStar软件将测序结果拼接得到基因组序列,采用MEGA3.1软件对9株辛德毕斯病毒基因组序列进行系统进化发生树的构建。结果与结论：此株辛德毕斯病毒基因组共11663nt,编码3745个氨基酸残基,其中5＇端的2/3基因组编码4种非结构蛋白NSp1、NSp2、NSp3和NSp4,3＇端的1/3基因组编码5种结构蛋白E1、E2、E3、6K和C;结构基因和非结构基因之间有48nt的连接区为非翻译区;病毒基因组5＇末端和3＇末端分别有59、318nt的非编码区;序列同源性分析结果表明,此株病毒与S.A.AR86株的同源性最高,两者核苷酸序列的同源性为99.7%,氨基酸序列的同源性为99.6%,而与本室保存的另一辛德毕斯病毒MEI株的遗传进化关系稍远,系统进化发生树处于不同分支上。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒的三维重构与衣壳蛋白特性

草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus, GCRV)为呼肠孤病毒科水生呼肠孤病毒属一新成员. 最新的基因组序列分析发现, GCRV与哺乳动物呼肠孤病毒(mammalian reovirus, MRV)具有高度的同源性. 为了解GCRV致病机理, 进行了分辨率达到17 Å的三维重构与衣壳蛋白特性研究. 结果表明: GCRV颗粒呈多层排列, 包括RNA核心与内壳层、中间层及外壳层. 由200个按T = 13对称排列的三聚体组成外衣壳, 其典型特征是在5次轴上出现三聚体缺失凹陷区, 暴露出中间层三聚体亚单位. 内壳层由120个单体组成, 按T = 1排列, 结构特点与呼肠孤病毒科成员内衣壳特征相一致. 衣壳蛋白电泳显示, GCRV颗粒含有7种蛋白(VP1-VP7)组分, 与MRV衣壳蛋白特性相近, 两者在衣壳结构组成上的相似性与基因组序列的高度同源性相吻合. 此结果对进一步研究GCRV与宿主细胞相互作用机理具有指导意义.     

呼肠病毒基因组片段S1 编码蛋白的研究进展

呼肠病毒共有3个血清型,不同型之间S1片段编码蛋白的同源性小于26％,其它9个片段编码蛋白的同源性都在86％以上。S1片段是双顺反子,编码σ1和σls,这两个蛋白决定了呼肠病毒的感染性、致病性和毒力。本文综述了σ1、σ1s的结构与功能的研究进展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.