共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
A cotransport system for Na+, K+ and Cl? in Ehrlich cells is described. It is insensitive towards ouabain but specifically inhibited by furosemide and other ‘high ceiling’ diuretics at concentrations which do not affect other pathways of the ions concerned. As the furosemide-sensitive fluxes of these ions are not affected by changes in membrane potential, and as their complete inhibition by furosemide does not appreciably alter the membrane potential, they appear to be electrically silent. Application of the pulse-response methods in terms of irreversible thermodynamics reveals tight coupling between the furosemide-sensitive flows of Na+, K+ and Cl? ( close to unity for all three combinations) at a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 : 2. The site for each of the ions appears to be rather specific: K+ can be replaced by Rb+ but not by other cations tested whereas Cl? can be poorly replaced by Br? but not by NO3?, in contradistinction to the Cl?-OH? exchange system. The cotransport system appears to function in cell volume regulation as it tends to make the cell swell, thus counteracting the shrinking effect of the ouabain-sensitive (Na+, K+) pump.The experiments presented could not clarify whether the cotransport process is a primary or secondary active one; while incongruence between transport and conjugated driving force seems to indicate primary active transport, it is very unlikely that hydrolysis of ATP supplies energy for the transport process, since there is no stimulation of ATP turnover observable under operation of the cotransport system. 相似文献
2.
Cultured epithelial monolayers of MDCK cells grown upon Millipore filter supports and mounted in Ussing chambers for transport studies respond to addition of adrenalin from only the basal bathing solution by an increased short-circuit current, due both to an increased transmonolayer potential difference (basal solution electropositive) and an increased transmonolayer conductance. Measurement of tracer Na+, K+ and Cl? fluxes demonstrate that the adrenalin-stimulated short-circuit current results primarily from basal to apical net Cl? secretion. Half-maximal stimulation of the short-circuit current was observed at (; the order of potency of adrenergic agonists for short-circuit current stimulation was , consistent with adrenalin action being mediated by a β-adrenergic receptor. The adrenalin-stimulated short-circuit current was sensitive to inhibition (75%) by basal additions of furosemide (); phloretin inhibition (54%, 57%) was observed from both epithelial surfaces. Amiloride (10?4 M) and 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2, 2′-disulphonic acid (SITS) (10 μM) were ineffective as inhibitors of the adrenalin response. The increased short-circuit current was sensitive to replacement of medium Na+ by choline (87%) and Tris (93%). Li+ was a partially effective substitute cation for Na+ · NO3?, and isethionate were ineffective substitutes for Cl? whereas Br? was partially effective. Partial replacement of medium Na+ by choline gave an upward-curving non-saturable dependence of the adrenalin-stimulated short-circuit current upon [Na]; partial replacement of Cl? by NO3? in contrast gave a saturable increase with a of approx. 65 mM Cl?. 相似文献
3.
Eva Söderling 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1982,216(1):105-115
The Cl?-activated arginine aminopeptidase was purified from human erythrocytes using electrofocusing in granulated gel, gel permeation chromatography, and affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a molecular weight of 105,000 ± 3000 and was homogenous according to several criteria. A subunit structure was revealed during sodium lauryl sulfate electrophoresis, the main form being of Mr 24,500 ± 1300. The enzyme was considered to be a tetramer consisting of four monomers of equal molecular weight. Cl? affected the hydrolysis of peptides and synthetic substrates differently, the Cl? activation being less marked with peptide substrates. The catalysis obeyed regular Michaelis-Menten kinetics and Cl? affected both the Km and V values. Arg-Phe and bradykinin showed no cooperativity in the hydrolysis of Arg-2-naphthylamide catalyzed by the Cl?-activated arginine aminopeptidase. Cl? affected the enzyme structure reflected by changes in the uv-absorption spectra in the presence and without added Cl?. 相似文献
4.
The effect of changing [K+], [Na+] and [Cl?] in nutrient solution was studied in bullfrog antrum with and without HCO3? in nutrient. In 25 mM HCO3? (95% O2/5% CO2) and in zero HCO3? (100% O2), nutrient pH was maintained at 7.3. Changing from 4 to 40 mM K+ or from 81 to 8.1 mM Cl? gave a decrease 10 min later in transmucosal PD (nutrient became more negative) — a normal response. These responses were less in zero than in 25 mM HCO3?. A decrease from 102 to 8 mM Na+ decreased PD (anomalous response of electrogenic NaCl symport). This effect was attenuated or eliminated in zero HCO3?. In contrast, change from 4 to 40 mM K+ gave initial anomalous PD response and change from 102 to 8 mM Na+, initial normal PD response with either zero or 25 mM HCO3?. Both responses were associated with (Na+ + K+)-ATPase pump and were greater in zero than in 25 mM HCO3?. Initial PD increases in zero HCO3? are explained as due to increase in the resistance of passive conductance and/or NaCl symport pathways. Thus, removal of HCO3? modifies conductance pathways of nutrient membrane. 相似文献
5.
W.McD. Armstrong W.R. Bixenman K.F. Frey J.F. Garcia-Diaz M.G. ORegan Jeanie L. Owens 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》1979,551(1):207-219
Na+, K+ and Cl? concentrations () and activities (), and mucosal membrane potentials () were measured in epithelial cells of isolated bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) small intestine. Segments of intestine were stripped of their external muscle layers, and bathed (at 25°C and pH 7.2) in oxygenated Ringer solutions containing 105 mM Na+ and Cl? and 5.4 mM K+. Na+ and K+ concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and Cl? concentrations by conductometric titration following extraction of the dried tissue with 0.1 M HNO3. 14C-labelled inulin was used to determine extracellular volume. was measured with conventional open tip microelectrodes, with solid-state Cl?-selective silver microelectrodes and and with Na+- and K+-selective liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. The average recorded was ?34 mV. , and were 51, 105 and 52 mM. The corresponding values for , and were 18, 80 and 33 mM. These results suggest that a large fraction of the cytoplasmic Na+ is ‘bound’ or sequestered in an osmotically inactive form, that all, or virtually all the cytoplasmic K+ behaves as if in free solution, and that there is probably some binding of cytoplasmic Cl?. significantly exceeds the level corresponding to electrochemical equilibrium across the mucosal and baso-lateral cell membranes. Earlier studies showed that coupled mucosal entry of Na+ and Cl? is implicated in intracellular Cl? accumulation in this tissue. This study permitted estimation of the steady-state transapical Na+ and Cl? electrochemical potential differences (Δμ̄Na and Δμ̄Cl). Δμ̄Na (?7000 J · mol?1; cell minus mucosal medium) was energetically more than sufficient to account for Δμ̄Cl (1000–2000 J · mol?1). 相似文献
6.
7.
KcsA 通道对Na+、K+及Rb+离子选择性的统计热力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
钾离子的通透率至少比钠离子的通透率大10000倍,这个问题至今没有很好地解决.为了在分子水平阐释钾离子通道的选择性机制,以KcsA钾通道X射线衍射结构为基础,采用密度泛函理论计算了不同离子在离子通道中的位能.计算结果表明,Rb+离子具有与K+离子相类似的位能曲线,但是其在通透过程遇到的位垒要比K+离子的位垒高,因而所对应的通透率也就小于钾离子的通透率,而钠离子的的通透率仅仅是钾离子通透率的0.0067%.文中所涉及的系统仅仅包含269个原子,而用分子动力学虽然也可以得到相近的结果,但是它的系统大小为41
000个原子. 相似文献
8.
钾离子通道是植物钾离子吸收的重要途径之一。Shaker K+家族通道是K+通道中最早发现、且研究最深入的K+通道家族。近年来,已从多种植物或同种植物的不同组织器官中分离得到多个Shaker K+钾离子通道基因,如AKT1,AtKC1,QsAKT1,GORK,AKT2等。从结构、表达部位、生理功能和调控等方面介绍了植物Shaker K+通道的研究进展。 相似文献
9.
10.
The balance of K+, Na+, and Cl− fluxes across the cell membrane with the Na+/K+ pump, ion channels, and Na+K+2Cl− (NKCC) and Na+-Cl− (NC) cotransport was calculated to determine the mechanism of cell shrinkage in apoptosis. It is shown that all unidirectional
K+, Na+, and Cl− fluxes; the ion channel permeability; and the membrane potential can be found using the principle of the flux balance if
the following experimental data are known: K+, Na+, and Cl− concentrations in cell water; total Cl− flux; total K+ influx; and the ouabain-inhibited pump component of the Rb+(K+) influx. The change in different ionic pathways during apoptosis was estimated by calculations based on the data reported
in the preceded paper (Yurinskaya et al., 2010). It is found that cell shrinkage and the shift in ion balance in U937 cells
induced to apoptosis with 1 μM staurosporine occur due to the coupling of reduced pump activity with a decrease in the integral
permeability of Na+ channels, whereas K+ and Cl− channel permeability remains almost unchanged. Calculations show that only a small part of the total fluxes of K+, Na+, and Cl− account for the fluxes mediated by NKCC and NC cotransporters. Despite the importance of cotransport fluxes for maintaining
the nonequilibrium steady-state distribution of Cl−, they cannot play a significant role in apoptotic cell shrinkage because of their minority and cannot be revealed by inhibitors. 相似文献
11.
12.
Pierre Pic Pierre Lahitette 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1981,141(4):523-529
Summary Electron microscopy study shows that cytochalasin treatment of the mullet damages the microfilaments system in the apex of gill ionocytes: the microfilaments are reduced in number and shortened. Cytochalasin causes a reduction of transgill potential difference and an increase of the Na+ and Cl– blood concentration, of the diffusional water permeability of the gill, of the Na+ branchial influx and of Cl– efflux. The increase of the Na+ influx may result in a reduction of the Na+ net excretion flux compared to the control. The increased permeability in cytochalasin treated fish facilitates the Cl– entry probably leading to a reduction of the net Cl– excretion. The partial inhibition of the K+ dependent components of Na+ and Cl– effluxes also contributes to the reduction of Na+ and Cl– excretion. The role of microfilaments in the mechanisms of ionic excretion by the gill is discussed. 相似文献
13.
自从1983年Barish在爪蟾卵母细胞中发现钙激活的Cl–通道以来,此种类型Cl–通道一直在被广泛的研究,其在不同组织中的重要作用也被不断报道。但是,钙激活氯电流的分子机制一直未被阐明。直到2008年,由三个实验室分别发现了构成钙激活Cl–通道的分子基础为跨膜蛋白16A(transmembrane protein 16A,TMEM16A),这一发现使得人为通过基因手段调控钙激活Cl–通道的功能与表达成为可能。该文综述了钙激活Cl–通道在不同组织中的作用、TMEM16A的电生理和药理学特性以及TMEM16A在心肌肥厚和心衰中的可能作用,以及以Cl–通道作为药物作用靶点的研究进展。 相似文献
14.
揭示了吖啶橙的吸收光谱和荧光光谱对其浓度依赖性上的区域性特征,分析了测定溶酶体H+转运时合理选用吖啶橙浓度及溶酶体用量的重要性、机理和原则,探讨了其与溶酶体的温育时间和K+/H+交换对测定H+转运的明显影响. 相似文献
15.
川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物,已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放,有效地对抗肉毒中毒,促进细胞分化、凋亡,抑制肿瘤增殖,抑制昆虫发育和取食,影响K+、Ca2+通道活动等多种生物效应. 综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K+通道,选择地易化L型Ca2+通道和进而升高胞内Ca+浓度的研究资料,并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
P. Pic 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1978,123(2):155-162
Summary In seawater (SW)-adaptedMugil andFundulus, gill effluxes of Na+
and of Cl–
and the simultaneously recorded transgill potential (P.D.) differ according to whether they are measured in stressed or rested animals.In rested animals of the two species, transfer to Ringer's solution considerably reduces the P.D. but not
. InFundulus,
is also decreased. Transfer of the two species from SW to fresh water (FW) reduces
and
by 75 to 85% and leads to a large inversion of P.D. When K+ is added to FW, a gill depolarization occurs, as well as a large increase of
and
.These results suggest that: 1) the P.D. originates primarily from the diffusion of cations, the gill permeability to Na+ (
) being greater than that to Cl– (
), 2) a Cl–/Cl– exchange independent of P.D. is associated with the Cl– pump; 3) Cl– pump activity is linked to Na+/K+ exchange which in turn is associated to a Na+/Na+ exchange diffusion mechanism.In stressed individuals of the two species, the P.D. in SW, as well as the P.D. changes observed during transfer experiments, are considerably reduced. The decrease of
and
observed after transfer from SW to FW are also minimised. Changes are smaller inFundulus. The decrease of P.D. characterizing stressed animals may be at least in part due to a 3 to 4 fold increase of
which becomes equal to
in both species.As a result of stress, the K+-activated Na+ and Cl– excretion mechanisms are totally inhibited inFundulus and partially so inMugil.Stress response seems more intense inFundulus and recovery from stress faster inMugil. 相似文献
19.
亲和层析纯化肌质网Ca2+-ATP酶 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
建立了一种亲和层析纯化肌质网Ca2+-ATP酶的方法.用非离子型去污剂C12E8 溶解肌质网,再通过反应红-120琼脂糖亲和层析柱使肌质网Ca2+-ATP酶纯度从粗品中的65%提高到99%,并具有较高ATP水解活性.经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,为电泳纯. 相似文献
20.
动态IP3-Ca2+振荡模型的数值分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过改进J.W.Shuai和P.Jung钙振荡模型,得到与IP3浓度相关的动态IP3-Ca^2+振荡模型.利用改进模型,数值分析依赖性参数λ和钙通道数目N对Ca^2+振荡的影响,得到Ca^2+振荡关于参数λ的分叉图、Ca^2+振荡与IP3振荡的一致性、钙通道数目N对Ca^2+振荡的影响等.这些模型结果显示了Ca^2+振荡的特性. 相似文献