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1.
Dominique Laurain Jocelyne Trémouillaux-Guiller Jean-Claude Chénieux 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(9):501-505
Summary The present work establishes that isolated microspores of Ginkgo biloba L. cultured at densities of 1.5 to 5·104 per milliliter in Bourgin and Nitsch (1967) liquid medium are able to divide, both in the presence and in the absence of exogenous growth regulators, and to germinate by growing a pollen tube. In all experiments the microspores exhibited various modes of division leading to embryo formation in the liquid medium. Four weeks later, the microspores which had been previously submitted to various electrical stresses showed pro-embryo development earlier than those which had not. After ten weeks the number of embryos was found to be 300 to 5300 ml–1 following the experiments. When the embryos exhibited a slower growth in liquid medium, they were transferred onto various solid media for maturation. Two months later, embryos had proliferated visibly.Abbreviations BN
Bourgin and Nitsch (1967) medium
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- KIN
Kinetin
- GS
Growth substances 相似文献
2.
Rauvolfia vomitoria mesophyll protoplasts have been isolated from axenic shoot cultures and cultured (105-106 protoplasts per ml) in Murashige and Tucker liquid medium containing growth regulators. Within 6–8 weeks, a mixed population of calli and proembryos were obtained and transferred on solid media. Calli produced shoots; however, rooting did not occur. Somatic embryos achieved different patterns of development. In particular, whole plantlets have been obtained either directly through germination of primary embryos or via embryogenic calli.Abbreviations B5
Gamborg et al. (1968) medium
- BA
N6 (benzyl) adenine
- 2,4-D
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MT
Murashige and Tucker (1969) medium
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- Z
zeatin
- K
kinetin 相似文献
3.
Embryogenic callus was induced from the hypocotyl region of seedlings germinated from immature embryos of orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) on Murashige & Tucker (1969) medium containing 50 g l-1 sucrose, 5.0 mg l-1 benzyladenine, 2.5 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 600 mg l-1 malt extract. Isolated protoplasts divided to produce callus on Murashige & Tucker (1969) medium containing 50 g l-1 sucrose, 0.01 mg l-1 gibberellin A4+7 and 600 mg l-1 malt extract. Callus developed to plantlets via somatic embryogenesis on Murashige & Tucker (1969) medium with 50 g l-1 lactose but no plant growth regulators. These plantlets flowered in vitro on half strength Murashige & Tucker (1969) medium containing 50 g l-1 sucrose after 2 months culture.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- FM
full strength MT medium
- FMG
full strength MT medium +1 mg l-1 GA3
- GA3
gibberellin A3
- GA4+7
gibberellin A4+7
- HM
half strength MT medium
- HMG
half strength MT medium +1 mg l-1 GA3
- MT
Murashige & Tucker (1969) 相似文献
4.
Wilna De Winnaar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1988,12(3):305-310
A procedure for the rapid tissue culture propagation of papaya is being developed. Tissue culture methods using apices of nursery and orchard trees of Carica papaya cv. Sunrise Solo were evaluated. The explants were established in a modified Murashige and Tucker (1969) basal medium with half-strength inorganic salts, 0.5mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2mgl-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Established explants were transferred to a proliferation medium consisting of Murashige and Tucker (1969) basal medium, 0.5mgl-1 BA and 0.1mgl-1 NAA, which caused extensive multiplication of shoots. Rooting was induced at a higher frequency by subculturing plantlets onto media with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) than with NAA. 相似文献
5.
Johannes Siemens María Torres Marion Morgner María Dolores Sacristán 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(10):569-572
A protocol for obtaining regenerated fertile plants from mesophyll protoplasts of four ecotypes (Col C24, Per-1, Bur-0, Landsberg erecta) and two marker lines (M4 and M10) of Ardbidopsis thaliana is described. The different lines showed plating efficiencies between 1.0 and 3.9% using Nitsch medium or this medium supplemented with coconut water. For the differentiation of callus into normal shoots a single shoot regeneration medium was applicable to all ecotypes, but depending on the line other regeneration media showed to be more suitable. The results indicated that the protoplast culture procedure is applicable, with minor modifications, to all tested genotypes but the most suitable shoot regeneration medium should be established for each A. thaliana line.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP
6-benzyl-aminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IPA
isopentenyladenine
- IPAR
isopentenyladenosine
- MES
2-[N Morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
6.
Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic suspension cultures of Citrus mitis were cultured in a medium without any plant growth substances. Somatic embryos developed directly from protoplasts without an obvious intervening callus phase. As many as 1,800 somatic embryos developed from 4 ml of protoplast suspension (density 2×106/ml) cultured for 35 days. Upon transferring the embryoids to medium with 1 mgl–1 GA3, they developed into plant-lets. Rooted plantlets were obtained in 3 months after protoplast isolation.Abbreviations BAP
Benzylaminopurine
- GA3
Gibberellic acid
- MT
Murashige and Tucker medium (1969)
- FDA
Fluorescein diacetate 相似文献
7.
Conditions have been developed that induce maize (Zea mays L.) protoplasts to re-synthesize cell walls and to initiate cell divisions. Two types of embryogenic maize callus were used as a source of protoplasts: a heterogeneous callus (Type I) derived from immature embryos after three weeks in culture, and a friable, rapidly growing callus (Type II) selected from portions of the Type I callus. Many variables in the growth conditions of the donor tissue (type of medium, transfer schedule, age of callus), protoplast isolation solutions (pH, osmolarity, type and concentration of cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes, addition of polyamines) and conditions (amount of time in enzyme, amount of tissue per volume of enzyme incubation medium, agitation, preplasmolysis of source tissue, type of callus), and purification procedures (filtration and-or flotation), were found to affect both yield and viability of protoplasts (based upon fluorescein-diacetate staining). Our isolation procedure yielded high numbers of viable, uninucleated maize callus protoplasts which were densely cytoplasmic and varied in size from 20 to 50 m in diameter. Protoplasts plated in solid medium formed walls and divided several times. Of several gelling agents tested for protoplast propagation, only agarose resulted in protoplasts capable of sustained divisions leading to the formation of microcalli. Plating efficiency was established over a wide range of protoplast densities (103–107 protoplasts/ml). Highest plating efficiency (25%) was obtained at 1·106 protoplasts/ml). The resulting microcalli grew to be dense clusters of about 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter and then stopped growing. Nurse cultures of maize and carrot (Daucus carota L.), were used to establish that individual protoplasts (not contaminating cells or cell clusters) formed walls and divided. Nurse cultures also increased the efficiency of microcallus formation from protoplasts.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts
- MS 1D
Murashige and Skoog salts with 1 mg/l 2,4-D
- MS 2D
Murashige and Skoog salts with 2 mg/l 2,4-D
- N6
medium of Chu et al. (1975)
- NN67-mod
medium of Nitsch and Nitsch (1967) as modified in the present paper
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- LMP
low melting point 相似文献
8.
Isolated microspores of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) were incubated in modified NN medium containing 10% sucrose in darkness at 33°C for one day followed by culture at 25°C. After 14 days of culture, microspores developed into embryos ranging from globular to cotyledonary stage. Plants were regenerated after transfer of embryos to medium containing 3% sucrose and no plant growth regulators.Abbreviations NN
Nitsch and Nitsch
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine 相似文献
9.
Protoplasts from Olea europaea L. have been compared in terms of their yield, viability, cell division and callus differentiation. Viable protoplasts were isolated from in vitro cultured leaves and cotyledons by an overnight incubation in an enzyme solution containing 1–1.5% driselase and 0.5M sucrose. This method allowed high yield of purified protoplasts, which floated and formed a dark green band at the meniscus, after centrifugation. Purified protoplasts were diluted to 3×104 protoplasts·ml–1 in culture medium. After cell wall regeneration, protoplasts gradually increased their volumes under appropriate conditions. The first divisions occurred during the second week in culture. Division efficiency ranged from 5.2 to 9.8% after 20 days in culture. Two weeks later visible microcolonies developed only from cotyledon protoplasts. After 6 weeks in culture, the microcalli were transferred to a solidified culture medium with 0.6% agarose, which induced active callus growth.Abbreviations OM
olive proliferation medium, Rugini 1984
- Omg
OM for the germination of olive embryos
- OMr=OM
for root induction
- OMp=OM
for protoplasts
- OMc=OM
for callus
- BN
Bourgin and Nitsch medium 1967
- IBA
indol-3-butyric acid
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- 2,4-D
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 相似文献
10.
Lucia Martinelli Paola Bragagna Valentino Poletti Attilio Scienza 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(4):207-210
Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived calli of Vitis rupestris was obtained with an efficiency of 3.2% and 4.2% of plated explants, respectively on two combinations of 6-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1/0.1 and 1/1 mgl–1) added to MS medium. Embryogenic callus, embryo subcultures and somatic embryogenesis from somatic embryos were obtained either in the presence of 1 mgl–1 indole-3-acetic acid or 0.1 mgl–1 indole-3-butyric acid added to MS or NN media. Within a 4-month culture, embryo germination occurred at a frequency of 13% of explanted embryos when chilling at 4°C was provided for two weeks and a combination of 6-benzyladenine (1 mgl–1) with indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mgl–1) was added to NN medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (250 mgl–1). A higher frequency (51%) was obtained in a longer culture time (9 months) when only indole-3-butyric acid was present in the medium and in absence of chilling.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- NN
Nitsch and Nitsch (1969)
- NOA
2-naphthoxyacetic acid 相似文献
11.
Miguel Jordan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1986,7(3):257-261
Cell suspension cultures of Carica candamarcensis derived from hypocotyl calli were tested concerning their in vitro embryogenic capacity to improve asexual propagation rates in this species. Somatic embryos developed in culture from cells in suspension or from microcalli. Responses were affected by nutrient media and phytohormones used. Best results were obtained by growing the cells in suspension in Nitsch and Nitsch medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid and then plating them upon the same medium containing benzyladenine, or combinations of both hormones. 相似文献
12.
Plant regeneration from highly embryogenic callus,cell suspension and protoplast cultures of Trifolium fragiferum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using various media, tissue and protoplast cultures plant regeneration systems were developed for Trifolium fragiferum (2n=16).
(L.). The best media for induction of embryogenic cultures were based on Kao (1977) or Kao and Michayluk (1975). Somatic embryogenesis
was observed in cultures derived from green leaf mesophyll protoplasts of branching plants, somatic embryo protoplasts and
cell suspension protoplasts, leaflets and various explants of immature zygotic embryos. The process of somatic embryogenesis
was maintained for over two years on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 benzyladenine and 0.05 mg l-1 naphthaleneacetic acid. These long term cultures were capable of regenerating plants that were fertile and produced seeds.
These results were compared with those from protoplast, tissue and organ culture of other species of the Trifolium genus.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
A micropropagation system for Annona squamosa L. (Sugar Apple) using hypocotyls of seedlings and nodal cuttings from 3-year-old plants was developed. Shoot proliferation was achieved with Woody Plant Medium supplemented with BA. Silver thiosulphate was added at 0.5 mg l–1 to control leaf abscission. Rooting was obtained when subcultured shoots were preconditioned for 2 weeks in medium with 10 g l–1 activated charcoal before treatment with 43 µm NAA or 39 µm IBA. Rooting was improved when galactose was used instead of sucrose in the rooting medium. The rooted plantlets were acclimatised successfully.Abbreviations NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog Medium
- WPM
Woody Plant Medium
- NN
Nitsch Medium
- Juv
juvenile explant
- Adu
adult explant 相似文献
14.
Axillary buds (2 mm) from 3-year-old Carica pubescens Lenné et Koch (highland papaya) fruit-bearing plants grown in the greenhouse were cultivated in NN-medium supplemented with different growth regulators naphthaleneacetic acid and indoleacetic acid in combination with Zeatin, benzyladenine, Kinetin and thidiazuron. Several responses were observed within 2–3 months; namely, sprouting of the preformed axillary buds, bud branching into multiple shoots, callus formation at the basal end of the explant and somatic embryogenesis in the preformed callus. Somatic embryogenesis was frequent in most of the tested growth regulator combinations, with the exception of thidiazuron which showed no effect. A much higher yield of somatic embryos could be obtained in suspensions. Somatic embryogenesis was enhanced by the occurence of adventive embryogenesis on single embryos as globular embryo clusters. This was observed in cell suspensions initially grown in a WPM-medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or in combination with benzyladenine or zeatin, for 6 days, then maintained in a growth regulator-free medium under continuous agitation (50 RPM) on an orbital shaker for 3 months. Single cells grown in the absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid did not initiate embryogenesis and de-differentiated into callus. Plantlets were recovered after transfer of mature embryos from cell suspensions into Magenta flasks. In a second subculture, adventitious embryogenesis occurred spontaneously in clusters at the globular embryo stage under the same growth conditions, yielding a high number of embryos. The culture conditions described above allowed initiation of a large number of somatic embryos directly from cell suspensions through adventive somatic embryogenesis and indirectly from callus on axillary buds.Abbreviations 2,4-d
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- CH
casein enzymatic hydrolysate
- BA
benzyladenine
- FAA
formalin:acetic acid:alcohol
- Glu
l-glutamine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- NN
Nitsch and Nitsch-medium (1969)
- TDZ
thidiazuron
- SD
standard deviation 相似文献
15.
Summary Methods of plant regeneration from callus and protoplasts of Helianthus giganteus L. are described. Embryogenic callus was obtained from leaf explants and plants were regenerated from these calli on MS media with different combinations of benzyladenine and naphtaleneacetic acid. Leaf protoplasts isolated from in vitro grown plants formed somatic embryos when cultured in agarose solidified droplets of V-KM medium containing benzyladenine and naphtaleneacetic acid. Embryos developed into plantlets on media with reduced auxin contents. Regenerated plants were successfully planted in soil.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA
naphtaleneacetic acid
- V-KM
protoplast culture medium of Binding and Nehls 相似文献
16.
A protoplast to plant system in roses 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Derek Matthews John Mottley Imelda Horan Andrew V. Roberts 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1991,24(3):173-180
High yields of protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic suspension cultures of Rosa persica x xanthina and Rosa wichuraiana using an enzyme mixture comprising 20 g l-1 cellulase Onozuka R10, 1 g l-1 Pectolyase Y-23 and 10 g l-1 hemicellulase. Agarose-immobilized protoplasts gave the most consistent growth at a plating density of 5×104 protoplasts ml-1 on the basic medium of Kao & Michayluk (KM8p) containing 2 mg l-1 naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 mg l-1 benzylaminopurine. At 25°C in the dark, 0.004% of R. persica x xanthina protoplasts developed into colonies. Using similar culture conditions, but with a plating density of 9×104 protoplasts ml-1, 0.017% of R. wichuraiana protoplasts developed into colonies. On transfer of R. persica x xanthina colonies to Schenk & Hildebrandt's medium containing 3 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, globular and later stage embryos were formed. Approximately 30% of these embryos developed into plantlets on transfer to basal Schenk & Hildebrandt's medium. Further development of the plantlets took place on cellulose plugs (Sorbarods) soaked in Murashige & Skoog's medium containing 0.05 mg l-1 naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.05 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.1 mg l-1 benzylaminopurine. Rose breeding is now open to the full range of in vitro genetic manipulation techniques involving protoplast technology. 相似文献
17.
Kazuo Sakamoto Kumiko Iida Kimiko Sawamura Kyoko Hajiro Yoshihisa Asada Takafumi Yoshikawa Tsutomu Furuya 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(1):21-26
High anthocyanin-producing cell lines, which were grown in a dark or in a light-dark regime, were selected from callus cultures initiated from stem and leaf tissues of Aralia cordata Thunb. by small-cell-aggregate selection. To verify the optimum culture conditions for anthocyanin production, cells were tested by changing the various basal media, sucrose concentration and nitrogen source and concentration. Good growth was obtained in the dark on Linsmaier-Skoog's basal medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-d and 0.1 mg l-1 kinetin, 2% (w/v) sucrose and full strength of nitrogen concentration. However, the highest anthocyanin yield (10.3% dry wt) was obtained in the dark on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-d and 0.1 mg l-1 kinetin. Our results suggested that it has became feasible to find the most effective conditions for cell growth and anthocyanin production by optimizations of the nitrogen concentration and the ratio of NH4
+ to NO3
- in the medium.Abbreviations B5
Gamborg (Gamborg et al. 1968)
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- LS
Linsmaier and Skoog (Linsmaier & Skoog 1965)
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (Murashige & Skoog 1962)
- NN
Nitsch and Nitsch (Nitsch & Nitsch 1967)
- WH
White (White 1963)
This paper is part 81 in the series Studies on Plant Tissue Cultures. For Part 80 see Furuya T, Sakamoto K, Iida K, Asada Y, Yoshikawa T, Sakai S & Aimi N (1992) Phytochemistry 31: 3065–3068. 相似文献
18.
Barbara Stefaniak 《Plant cell reports》1994,13(7):386-389
Summary Friable embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of 4 Gladiolus cultivars were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various concentration of auxins from the following explants: corm slices, young leaf bases and whole, intact plantlets. Somatic embryos transferred on MS hormone-free medium regenerated into plantlets. All plantlets obtained through embryogenesis did not differ phenotypically from the parental clones. The embryogenic friable callus has been maintained for over 2 years in culture and has retained a very high regeneration capacity.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- KIN
kinetin
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog Medium (1962)
- E
embryogenic callus
- NE
non-embryogenic callus 相似文献
19.
Summary Induction of somatic embryogenesis by different growth regulators was examined in leaf disc cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. Direct differentiation of somatic embryos occurred on media supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N-1, 2,3,-thiadiazol-5-ylurea; TDZ) not only substituted for the most effective NAA-BAP combination but also induced a higher frequency of somatic embryogenesis. Regenerated somatic embryos were capable of developing into plants.Abbreviations BAP
N6-benzylaminopurine
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- NAA
Naphthaleneacetic acid
- TDZ
N-phenyl-N-1,2,3,- thiadiazol-5-ylurea 相似文献
20.
Summary Protoplasts of Panax ginseng were isolated from embryos obtained from the 4-year old embryogenic cell line KCTC PCL 49031 which was derived from a zygotic embryo. High protoplast yields of 22–25 × 106 protoplast / g tissue were obtained following 5–6 h digestion with 2% Cellulysin, 1% Pectinase and 1% Macerasae in half strength Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 12% mannitol. A plating density of 1×105 protoplasts /ml was found optimal for protoplast culture. An initial division frequency of 10% was obtained in an agarosegelled defined medium. Myo-inositol (6%) was found to be the most suitable osmoticum. Somatic embryos were formed from protoplast derived embryogenic callus, which regenerated into plantlets.Abbreviations NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Kn
kinetin
- BA
benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium 相似文献