转小麦冷胁迫蛋白截短基因烟草及其抗病性分析

TA3-13是克隆于小麦冷胁迫蛋白基因的截短片段。原核表达的TA3-13蛋白能够诱导烟草产生显著的抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的作用。文章将TA3-13基因片段克隆到植物表达载体pBI121上,构建成转基因重组体pB-3-13,通过冻融法转化农杆菌EHA105,构建成转基因侵染菌株。采用叶盘法将pB-3-13转化三生烟草,经卡那霉素抗性筛选,获得48株T0代再生植株。通过PCR检测,鉴定出33株转基因单株,收获了20株种子作为T1代株系。PCR-Southern杂交结果显示,PCR阳性条带与TA3-13探针有特异性杂交,说明外源基因被转化到烟草的基因组中。选取两个T1代株系的烟草植株用于各项测定。GUS组织化学活性鉴定和RT-PCR检测结果显示,外源基因可以成功地表达。接种TMV病毒后,转基因烟草抗TMV的能力较转空载体烟草提高3～5倍。转基因烟草具有抗TMV侵入和抗病毒病害发展的作用,同时转基因烟草可以抗细菌软腐病菌的扩展。     

转MhGlu基因烟草灰霉病抗性及光合特性研究

以湖北海棠盆栽及组培苗叶片为材料,经NaCl、PEG-6000及4℃下ABA处理后,通过RT-PCR技术克隆了湖北海棠β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因MhGlu;构建MhGlu基因的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法将MhGlu基因转入烟草中,并通过PCR和RT-PCR检测,成功获得了4个转基因株系T6、T8、T11和T18;以转基因烟草株系T6及T8和非转基因对照植株为材料,对MhGlu基因的功能进行了进一步分析。结果显示:(1)半定量qRT-PCR显示,NaCl、PEG-6000及4℃下ABA处理均可以诱导湖北海棠盆栽及组培苗叶片MhGlu基因的表达;NaCl和PEG-6000处理48h内MhGlu基因的表达随处理时间延长逐渐增强,4℃下ABA处理的MhGlu基因表达量在4h时开始上调,12h时略降低,48h时又达到最大。(2)半定量RT-PCR检测转基因烟草植株几个病程相关基因PRs的表达量,表明过表达的MhGlu基因诱导并增强了烟草病程相关基因NtPR1、NtPR3和NtPR5的表达。(3)用灰霉病侵染烟草叶片,转基因烟草株系T6、T8均表现出较强的抗灰霉病特性。(4)测定烟草植株光合特性参数,转MhGlu基因烟草株系的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)较对照组均显著提高,且T8的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均显著高于T6,而T8与T6的气孔导度差异不显著。MhGlu基因在烟草中的过量表达能诱导病程相关基因PRs的表达,激活了烟草的光合特性保护机制,提高了转MhGlu基因烟草植株的灰霉病抗性。     

铁皮石斛DoSMT2基因的功能分析

为了揭示铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)甾醇C-24甲基转移酶2基因(DoSMT2)在甾醇代谢过程的功能,该研究通过根癌农杆菌介导法将来源于铁皮石斛的DoSMT2基因转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum),并采用qRT-PCR技术检测DoSMT2基因在转基因烟草叶片中的表达,采用气相色谱质谱法分析菜油甾醇和谷甾醇的含量。结果显示:(1)成功获得DoSMT2基因的开放阅读框(1 119 bp),并成功构建正义植物表达载体质粒pCXSN-DoSMT2,经农杆菌介导的烟草叶盘转化法转化烟草并鉴定,获得4株阳性转基因烟草植株。(2)Southern blot结果表明,4株转基因烟草植株都有1条杂交信号带,而非转基因烟草植株没有,说明外源DoSMT2基因都以单拷贝整合到4株转基因烟草基因组中。(3)qRT-PCR检测显示,非转基因烟草未检测到外源DoSMT2基因的表达,4株转基因烟草都能检测到DoSMT2基因的表达,且表达水平差异极显著,各株系表达量高低依次为P3P1P2(P4)。(4)气相色谱质谱分析显示,转DoSMT2基因烟草叶片的菜油甾醇含量均极显著低于非转基因烟草叶片,而谷甾醇含量均极显著高于非转基因烟草叶片。研究表明,DoSMT2具有催化24-亚甲基胆甾烯醇转化形成24-亚乙基胆甾烯醇活性。     

褪黑素合成酶基因转化烟草及转化植株抗氧化系统变化

通过根癌农杆菌(含植物表达载体YXu55)介导的转化技术,将褪黑素生物合成酶-芳烷基胺N-乙酰转移酶(Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase,AANAT)与羟基吲哚O-甲基转移酶(Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase,HIOMT)基因导入到烟草(秦烟95)中。对所获得的庆大霉素抗性烟草株系进行Southern blotting和RT-PCR分子生物学检测,结果表明,AANAT-HIOMT基因已成功地整合到烟草基因组中,并且可以在mRNA水平上进行转录。用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定转化株系的褪黑素含量表明,转AANAT-HIOMT基因烟草株系的褪黑素含量均明显高于pZP122(不含AANAT和HIOMT基因的空白质粒)转基因株系和未转基因的对照植株,证明AANAT-HIOMT基因在转基因植株中的表达增强了褪黑素的合成能力。对不同株系抗氧化系统的部分指标进行了测定,并与其亲本对照植株比较,发现AANAT-HIOMT基因在转基因植物中的表达引起超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加,谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度...     

掌叶半夏凝集素基因PPA2抗蚜功能分析

掌叶半夏凝集素(Pinellia pedatisecta Agglutinin,PPA)基因属于单子叶甘露糖结合凝集素家族,具有抗虫活性。采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术从掌叶半夏幼叶中克隆到1个新的凝集素基因,命名为PPA2,其开放阅读框长408 bp,编码135个氨基酸,有一个甘露糖保守结合域,包含3个甘露糖专一结合位点。分别构建了由35S启动子和韧皮部特异性启动子At PP2驱动的植物表达载体,农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草后,经鉴定获得了单拷贝插入高表达量的纯合转基因烟草株系。通过Western-blot分析,将获得的转基因纯合株系按蛋白表达水平分成高、中、低3类并进行抗蚜试验,结果表明这些转基因烟草均具有明显抗蚜效果,35S-PPA2转基因植株平均抑蚜率极高,而3种蛋白表达类型的At PP2-PPA2转基因植株普遍低于35S启动子驱动下的转基因植株。PPA2可以作为高效抗蚜候选基因,具有重要的应用价值。     

铁蛋白基因表达对烟草耐低铁能力的影响

铁是植物生长发育的必需元素。由于土壤中的三价铁离子不能被植物直接利用, 使一些植物经常表现出缺铁症状。为探讨利用铁蛋白基因提高植物耐低铁胁迫的作用, 利用农杆菌介导法将大豆铁蛋白基因SoyFer1和内源反义铁蛋白基因NtFer2的cDNA分别导入烟草基因组, 采集转基因烟草种子。对T1转基因烟草的卡那霉素抗性分析表明, 整合到烟草基因组的外源基因多为单拷贝基因, 也有少数为多拷贝基因。对具有卡那霉素抗性的转基因植株进行PCR检测和Northern杂交分析表明, 外源基因已整合到烟草基因组中, 并且得到了正确表达。将转基因株系移栽到铁离子浓度不同的培养基中生长2个月后进行比较表明, 转大豆铁蛋白基因烟草株系的生长量明显高于非转基因烟草株系, 而转内源反义铁蛋白基因烟草株系的生长量则明显低于非转基因烟草株系。转大豆铁蛋白基因和转内源反义铁蛋白基因烟草株系的叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理性状也发生了明显变化, 表现为转大豆铁蛋白基因株系的叶绿素含量明显增加, POD活性明显增强, MDA含量明显降低; 而转内源反义铁蛋白基因株系的叶绿素含量、POD活性和MDA含量等则表现为与转大豆铁蛋白基因株系的相反。铁蛋白过量表达提高了烟草耐低铁能力, 而铁蛋白抑制表达则降低了烟草耐低铁能力。     

外源突变基因AGM3过表达对烟草开花的抑制和花器官发育的影响

为了解AGM3基因在异源植物中对开花及花器官发育的影响,采用农杆菌介导法将dominant negative mutation(DNM)结构基因35S-AGM3-E9导入烟草(Nicotiana tabacum),经PCR和Southern检测获得了一批阳性转化植株.荧光定量分析结果显示,AGM3在各个转基因株系中均有...     

转金属硫蛋白基因(MT_1)烟草耐NaCl胁迫能力

为明确柽柳(Tamarix sp.)金属硫蛋白(MT1)基因过量表达对提高植物耐NaCl能力的作用,对转MT1因烟草进行分子检测和生理特性分析,结果表明具有卡那霉素抗性的转基因植株经RT-PCR Southern杂交均表现为阳性,说明外源MT1基因已整合到烟草基因组,并且得到了表达。金属硫蛋白基因的过量表达提高了转基因烟草植株的耐NaCl能力,表现为在含有150mmol/L和300mmol/L NaCl的MS培养基上,转基因植株的株高和鲜重均明显优于非转基因株系;在生理性状上表现为转基因植株丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于非转基因株系,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性比非转基因株系明显增加。     

大豆Lea5基因过表达提高烟草抗旱和耐盐性的研究

大豆Lea5基因是LEA基因家族成员之一。为分析大豆Lea5基因的功能,构建了大豆Lea5基因植物过表达载体p BI121-Lea5。通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草,获得TL-06、TL-09、TL-17和TL-32等4个转大豆Lea5基因烟草株系。RT-PCR分析表明大豆Lea5基因在4个转基因烟草株系的T2代植株均有不同程度的表达。以转基因TL-09和TL-32株系T2代植株为材料,进行了干旱和盐渍处理,结果表明,2个转大豆Lea5基因烟草株系T2代植株对干旱和盐渍的抗性显著强于野生型烟草,说明大豆Lea5基因可以提高植物抗干旱和盐碱的能力。     

表达SmERF1调节烟草种子大小及耐盐性

【目的】ERF转录因子生物功能广泛,在调控植物生长发育和响应胁迫中发挥重要作用。前期研究显示,丹参SmERF1参与植物响应胁迫反应。该研究旨在进一步明确SmERF1潜在的生物功能,并为药用植物抗性及种子发育研究奠定基础。【方法】该研究采用农杆菌介导的方法在模式植物烟草中异源表达了丹参SmERF1基因;通过抗性相关酶活性变化检测,对转基因植株抗性进行评价;通过酶联免疫方法和qPCR方法分析GA和ABA等激素含量及合成途径关键酶基因的表达变化。【结果】(1)表达SmERF1的烟草植株在幼苗期表现出生长缓慢、生物量和叶绿素减少,而在其他生长阶段与对照植株没有明显差异;此外,表达SmERF1的烟草植株种子比野生对照的种子小、轻;(2)在盐处理下,转基因烟草株系中脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性高于对照株系,而MDA含量低于对照株系,转基因烟草株系表现出较高的耐盐性;(3)在转烟草株系中,ABA含量上调,GA水平降低。实时定量PCR结果显示,表达SmERF1调节了与植物激素生物合成相关的关键酶基因的表达,如NtSDR、NtGA20ox、NtACO和NtACS。【结论】SmERF1通过ABA依赖途径...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细