Molecular characterization of Serratia marcescens strains by RFLP and sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer

AIMS: To establish the specific DNA patterns in 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) regions from different kinds of Serratia marcescens strains using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequences analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two pairs of primers based on the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA IGS were applied to amplify the rrn operons of two kinds of S. marcescens strains. About 1500 bp for 16S rDNA and four fragments of different sizes for 16S-23S rDNA IGS were obtained. PCR-amplified fragments were analysed by RFLP and sequence analysis. Two distinct restriction patterns revealing three to five bands between two kinds of strains were detected with each specific enzyme. According to the sequence analysis, two kinds of strains showed approximately 97% sequence homology of 16S rDNA. However, there was much difference in the sequences of IGS between the two kinds of strains. Intercistronic tRNA of strains H3010 and A3 demonstrated an order of tRNA of 5'-16S-tRNA(Ala)-tRNA(Ile)-23S-3', but strain B17 harboured the tRNA of 5'-16S-tRNA(Glu)-tRNA(Ile)-23S-3'. CONCLUSIONS: The method was specific, sensitive and accurate, providing a new technique for differentiating different strains from the same species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This paper provided the first molecular characterization of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA IGS from S. marcescens strains.     

油菜内生细菌16S核糖体DNA的RFLP分析

植物内生细菌定殖在植物组织内部但不引起明显的病害症状。从健康油菜植株的不同器官中分离到大量内生细菌,这些细菌菌落形态存在明显的差异,表明油菜组织中存在大量内生细菌,且类群丰富。分离到的122株内生细菌根据菌落形态可以划分为35类;利用细菌通用引物对16S核糖体DNA进行扩增, 获得约15 kb片段,分别用内切酶HaeⅢ和MspⅠ对扩增产物进行限制性酶切,产生不同的酶切图谱,根据酶切图谱聚类分析结果,所有供试菌株被归为39类,这一结果从遗传上显示油菜内生细菌类群的多样性。两种方法归类结果比较发现菌落特征所反映的信息量有限,只能作为初步的参考指标,核糖体DNA的限制性片段长度多态性分析快速、准确,可以作为油菜内生细菌多样性分析的一种有效方法     

16S rDNA序列分析在鉴定布鲁氏菌中的应用

[目的]建立布鲁氏菌的16S rDNA序列分析方法,评价该方法鉴定布鲁氏菌的特异性和实用性.[方法]用PCR扩增布鲁氏菌的16S rDNA片段,将扩增的产物纯化后测序,从GenBank下载与布鲁氏菌易发生血清学交叉反应的细菌的16S rDNA序列.使用DNAMAN软件进16S rDNA序列相似性分析.[结果]在布鲁氏菌中16S rDNA核苷酸序列相似性达到了99.74％,而与其他有血清型交叉反应的菌株相比较,16S rDNA序列间有显著差异.[结论]16S rDNA序列分析是一种快速、简便、特异的鉴定布鲁氏菌的方法之一.     

利用16SrDNA建立种特异性PCR快速检测鸭疫里默氏菌

鸭疫里默氏菌感染是危害养鸭业的主要疾病,用表型指标鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌存在不足,因此有必要建立检测该菌的种特异性PCR法。利用已登录的鸭疫里默氏菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的16S rDNA基因序列,设计了一对鸭疫里默氏菌16S rDNA基因的特异性引物190f和843r,分别以基因组DNA和菌落提取液为模板,从1-19型鸭疫里默氏菌参考菌株和代表亚型、变异株和可能新型的国内分离株共26株细菌中均扩增出大小为654bp的特异性片段,而扩增鸭大肠杆菌、鸭沙门氏菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等感染鸭的常见细菌的结果均呈阴性。分别将鸭疫里默氏菌基因组DNA和菌落提取液进行10倍梯度稀释,基因组DNA的最小检出量为50pg,菌落最小检出量为15CFU／mL。结果说明,该PCR法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于快速鉴定鸭疫里默氏菌。     

Identification of causative pathogens in mouse eyes with bacterial keratitis by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries

The clone library method using PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was used to identify pathogens from corneal scrapings of C57BL/6-corneal opacity (B6-Co) mice with bacterial keratitis. All 10 samples from the eyes with bacterial keratitis showed positive PCR results. All 10 samples from the normal cornea showed negative PCR results. In all 10 PCR-positive samples, the predominant and second most predominant species accounted for 20.9 to 40.6% and 14.7 to 26.1%, respectively, of each clone library. The predominant species were Staphylococcus lentus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The microbiota analysis detected a diverse group of microbiota in the eyes of B6-Co mice with bacterial keratitis and showed that the causative pathogens could be determined based on percentages of bacterial species in the clone libraries. The bacterial species detected in this study were mostly in accordance with results of studies on clinical bacterial keratitis in human eyes. Based on the results of our previous studies and this study, the B6-Co mouse should be considered a favorable model for studying bacterial keratitis.     

基于16S rDNA序列的Wolbachia的检测及分型

Wolbachia是广泛分布于节肢动物体内的一类共生细菌。采用16S rDNA特异片段的PCR-RFLP方法对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）不同生物型及米蛾Corcyra cephalonica （Stainton）共生菌Wolbachia进行了检测与分型分析。基于wsp基因对烟粉虱共生菌B组Wolbachia以及米蛾共生菌Wolbachia进行了系统树分析,并对相应的Wolbachia16S rDNA特异片段进行了克隆、测序以及序列比对。结果表明:16S rDNA的特异片段经NheⅠ酶切后RFLP图谱可有效检测与鉴别Wolbachia。烟粉虱共生菌Wolbachia的16S rDNA特异片段经VspⅠ酶切后可得到预期RFLP图谱,而米蛾共生菌B组Wolbachia （基于wsp序列分析为B组）则产生不同的RFLP图谱。序列分析表明,Nauru型烟粉虱体内B组Wolbachia的16S rDNA片段序列与已知B组Wolbachia对应序列（DQ278884）同源性为100%;米蛾体内B组Wolbachia 16S rDNA特异片段有碱基变异,并存在于VspⅠ识别位点内,这是导致VspⅠ酶切后RFLP图谱不同的原因。结果提示,B组Wolbachia 16S rDNA特异片段经VspⅠ酶切的RFLP图谱存在多态性。本研究结果可为今后Wolbachia的检测与分型提供借鉴。     

Total bacterial and species-specific 16S rDNA micro-array quantification of complex samples

AIMS: We describe a novel DNA-micro-array-based method that targets 16S rDNA to quantify changes in both the total bacterial DNA and the species-specific DNA composition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Quantifications were achieved by combining competitive PCR for quantifying total bacterial DNA with quantification of species-specific DNA composition based on signature 16S rDNA sequences. We constructed 11 different probes, which were evaluated on 21 different strains, in addition to complex samples. The signals obtained with sequence-specific labelling of the probes corresponded well with what should be expected based on 16S rDNA phylogenetic reconstruction. The quantification of species-specific DNA composition showed that the micro-array approach could be used to accurately determine differential growth of bacteria in mixed samples. We analysed samples containing mixtures of Lactococcus lactis and different species of propionibacteria during a 2-week incubation period. Lactococcus lactis grew fast, reaching a maximum after 12 h, Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii reached a maximum after 48 h, whereas Propionibacterium jensenii showed a slow increase during the whole growth period. The 16S rDNA total bacterial DNA quantification was compared with real-time PCR, absorbance measurements (ABS600) and colony forming units (CFU). CONCLUSION: The accuracy of the array approach was in the same range or better than the alternative techniques. The potential of the 16S rDNA micro-array method was further demonstrated using a liquid cheese model. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is to our knowledge the first time quantification of the total bacterial DNA and the species-specific DNA compositions of mixed populations have been achieved in the same assay.     

以23S rDNA一个多变区作为分子标记对致病杆菌属细菌进行分类鉴定

【目的】致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus)细菌是一类重要的生物杀虫剂,斯氏属昆虫病原线虫的共生菌,建立快速准确的分类鉴定方法,对研究开发这类细菌至关重要。【方法】本研究PCR扩增测序了本室保藏的26株,含20种已定名致病杆菌属细菌的一段845 bp的23S rDNA序列,构建了基于这段序列的致病杆菌属系统树并与基于几乎全长16S rDNA序列的相应系统树进行比较,分析了两者作为致病杆菌属细菌分类鉴定分子标记的优缺点。【结果】结果表明,与全长16S rDNA序列相比,所选择的23S rDNA序列片段所含可变位点、简约信息位点比例更高,遗传距离数值跨度大。【结论】上述结果显示该序列片段可用于致病杆菌属细菌进行分类鉴定,特别适用于对野外资源调查中采集到的大量菌株进行快速鉴定。     

甲烷氧化菌Methylomonas sp.GYJ3中甲烷单加氧酶基因与16S rRNA序列分析

甲烷氧化细菌中的关键酶系甲烷单加氧酶是一个含双核铁的多组份氧化酶,常温、常压下能够催化甲烷转化为甲醇。对甲烷氧化细菌Methylomonas sp.GYJ3中溶解性甲烷单加氧酶基因和16SrDNA进行了测序与分析。利用已知相关基因数据库信息,设计了PCR引物和测序引物,获得了满意的测序结果。全长的溶解性甲烷单加氧酶基因为5690bp,部分16S rDNA的序列长度为1280bp。与已发表的甲烷氧化细菌中甲烷单加氧酶进行了比较,结果表明MMOX组份中氨基酸序列的同一性为78%到99%,基因序列的同一性为71%到97%,6个组份中orfY片段的同一性相对较低。MMOX氨基酸序列的多序列联配表明,MMOX序列具有高度保守性,特别是在双核铁中心区域。16S rDNA进化分析显示Methylomonas sp.GYJ3与γ蛋白细菌是相关联的,基于MMOX氨基酸序列的进化分析证明,与Methylomonas sp.GYJ3最近似的菌株是Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌Methylomonas sp.KSWⅢ。综合分析表明,菌株GYJ3属于Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌Methylomonas sp.属。这个结果为Ⅰ型甲烷氧化细菌也能表达溶解性甲烷单加氧酶提供了新的证据。羟基化酶的理论等电点是6.28,理论分子量为248874.41Da。     

Identification of Doris verrucosa mollusc via mitochondrial 16S rDNA

The biological and molecular knowledge of the marine life is of enormous importance in discovering new classes of natural products and in improving management and sustainable utilization of these useful genetic resources. Nonetheless, in this frame, genomic and organelle DNA isolation has been reported to be a limiting step, since downstream applications of molecular biology, such as restriction enzyme digestion, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing are hampered by the presence of compounds that are concurrently extracted. In this work we compared different DNA extraction techniques in three marine organisms and tested the downstream applications. One of the species utilized in this work was the Nudibranch Doris verrucosa L., a species with a well-known pharmaceutical interest. The phylogeny of this mollusc has long been discussed on the basis of morphological characters. As a result, D. verrucosa has often been misidentified with other sister species. Mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence was chosen to better solve this concern and to accurately settle D. verrucosa into the right position. A partial sequence of the mt 16S rDNA of the Nudibranch D. verrucosa was obtained for the first time.The results here presented will provide knowledge useful to a better management and use of marine genetic resources, as well as in resolving taxonomic and identification issues currently open in these marine invertebrates.     

香蕉束顶病植原体16S rDNA片段的RFLP和序列分析

香蕉束顶病（ＢＢＴ）是一种发生在蕉类作物的严重病害。从带有典型香蕉束顶病症状的香蕉植株中按照检测植原体的方法提取ＤＮＡ,扩增患病植株中植原体１６ＳｒＤＮＡ片段,证明香蕉束顶病中有植原体存在。对此扩增片段进行限制性酶切片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）分析和核酸序列分析,并与已知植原体的序列进行同源性比较,构建进化树。结果显示该片段与Ｇｒ１的亲缘关系最近。     

应用变性梯度凝胶电泳和16S rDNA序列分析对kefir粒中细菌多样性的研究

以开菲尔(Kefir)粒为材料,经过DNA抽提和16S rDNA V3区PCR扩增,扩增产物经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离并切割电泳条带进行序列测定,并与现有的数据库进行了比较,对Kefir粒的细菌多样性进行分析。结果表明,DGGE图谱中可检测到的8条带的16S rDNA基因序列中有7个基因序列与GenBank数据库登录的相关序列的相似性大于98%,余下的1个基因序列的相似性也大于96%。相似性大于98%的7个克隆中,有3个属于鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium),2个属于乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),其它2个分别属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。首次报道了鞘氨醇杆菌作为优势菌群存在开菲尔Kefir粒中。     

鸡眼草根瘤菌的１６SrDNA全序列分析

Based on the previous studies on numerical taxonomy, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell protein and DNA hybridization, the rhizobial strains isolated from Kummerowia sp. in semi-arid area of North-west constituted a new subgroup, the 16S rDNA sequence of representative strain SH714 were tested. The unrooted phylogenetic tree was produced. In this tree, the strain SH714 with Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis, S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. medicae, S. saheli and S. teranga constituted a branch of Sinorhizobium. Within this branch, the similarity valuse of 16S rDNA sequence between strain SH714 and S. xinjiangesis, S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. medicae, S. saheli and S. teranga were 97.4%, 97.5%, 96.8%, 96.7%, 97.2% and 95.6% respectively, the values were more than 95%, this indicated that these known species should belong to the same genus. The values of DNA homology between type strains of these species were less than 70%. Thus, the strain SH714 represented a new rhizobial species, and there were some diversity between SH714 and known rhizobial species in phenotypic feature and composition of protein.     

Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Bifidobacterium and Related Genera Based on 16S rDNA Sequences

The 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for type strains of 21 Bifidobacterium species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the determined sequences and sequences from DNA databases, which contain the sequences of 11 type strains of Bifidobacterium species and 11 strains of related genera. All species of the genus Bifidobacterium and Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14018 belonged to a cluster phylogenetically distinct from the other genera. The cluster was divided into two subclusters: subcluster 1 composed of most species of Bifidobacterium and G. vaginalis, and subcluster 2 consisting of two species, B. denticolens and B. inopinatum; both of which were isolated from human dental caries. In the genus Bifidobacterium, four groups of species are known to be moderately to highly related by DNA-DNA hybridization. The four groups of species exhibited more than 99% similarity among their 16S rDNA sequences within each group. These results indicated that species with around 99% or more similarity in their 16S rDNA sequences should be confirmed for species identities.     

Signature region within the 16S rDNA sequences of Aeromonas popoffii

To identify a group of eight Aeromonas strains of our collection showing ribotyping patterns similar to those described for the species Aeromonas popoffii, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed. Results were in agreement with the DNA binding values, and allowed the identification of a 'signature region' differentiating the A. popoffii strains from all other members of the genus Aeromonas.     

Combining denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA V3 region and 16S-23S rDNA spacer region polymorphism analyses for the identification of staphylococci from Italian fermented sausages

Separation of amplified V3 region from 16S rDNA by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism (ISR-PCR) analyses were tested as tool for differentiation of staphylococcal strains commonly isolated from fermented sausages. Variable V3 regions of 25 staphylococcal reference strains and 96 wild strains of species belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and Kocuria were analyzed. PCR-DGGE profiles obtained were species-specific for S. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. auricularis, S. condimenti, S. kloosi, S. vitulus, S. succinus, S. pasteuri, S. capitis and S. (Macrococcus) caseolyticus. Moreover, 7 groups could be distinguished gathering the remaining species as result of the separation of the V3 rDNA amplicons in DGGE. Furthermore, the combination of the results obtained by PCR-DGGE and ISR-PCR analyses allowed a clear differentiation of all the staphylococcal species analysed, with exception of the pairs S. equorum-S. cohnii and S. carnosus-S. schleiferi. The suitability of both molecular techniques and of the combination their results for the identification of staphylococci was validated analysing partial nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA of a representative number of wild strains.     

16S rDNA library-based analysis of ruminal bacterial diversity

Bacterial 16S rDNA sequence data, incorporating sequences > 1 kb, were retrieved from published rumen library studies and public databases, then were combined and analysed to assess the diversity of the rumen microbial ecosystem as indicated by the pooled data. Low G+C Gram positive bacteria (54%) and the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (40%) phyla were most abundantly represented. The diversity inferred by combining the datasets was much wider than inferred by individual studies, most likely due to different diets enriching for bacteria with different fermentative activities. A total of 341 operational taxonomic units (OTU) was predicted by the Chao1 non-parametric estimator approach. Phylogenetic and database analysis demonstrated that 89% of the diversity had greatest similarity to organisms which had not been cultivated, and that several sequences are likely to represent novel taxonomic groupings. Furthermore, of the 11% of the diversity represented by cultured isolates (> 95% 16S rDNA identity), not all of the bacteria were of ruminal origin. This study therefore reinforces the need to reconcile classical culture-based rumen microbiology with molecular ecological studies to determine the metabolic role of uncultivated species.     

新疆意大利蝗不同地理种群16S rDNA序列差异研究

研究新疆东部和西部不同地理种群意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus(L.)线粒体基因中16SrDNA序列差异。结果表明:(1)意大利蝗A+T的含量(67.7%)明显高于G+C的含量(32.3%);(2)多重序列比对和UPGMA系统发育树的结果表明新疆东、西部不同地理种群的意大利蝗的遗传变异极小。     

橡树岭军团菌的分离及用16S rDNA测序法的鉴定

军团菌属（Ｌｅｇｉｏｎｅｌａ）自１９７１年确定以来,现已有３９个成员。军团菌属主要分布于供水系统中,如空调冷却塔水和浴池淋浴水中。我们曾于１９９４年从北京某宾馆冷却塔水中分离出一株可疑军团菌,但因缺乏标准抗血清而未能定种。由于核酸分析技术和细菌鉴定观念上进步,使我们能根据１６ＳｒＤＮＡ序列比较推测细菌间进化关系,并进而对未知细菌进行鉴定和检测。我们用以１６ＳｒＤＮＡ为靶序列的ＰＣＲ和测定鉴定,确定了该分离株为橡树岭军团菌（Ｌ．ｏａｋｒｉｄｇｅｎｓｉｓ）。     

基于28S rDNA D1-D2基因片段与16S rDNA部分序列联合分析的叶肢介系统发育研究

叶肢介(Conchostraca)的系统发育问题一直是甲壳动物研究中颇具争议的一个课题.本研究测定了我国2种叶肢介(Eocyzicus mongolianus,Eoc yzicus orientalis)的28S rDNA D1-D2区基因序列和16S rDNA E-G区序列,并与GenBank中的20种叶肢介序列一起...