Gastrodia sui sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Taiwan

A new orchid species, Gastrodia sui C. S. Leou, T. C. Hsu & C. L. Yeh is described and illustrated from Taiwan. The new species is closely related to G. callosa J. J. Sm. but distinguishable by the number and position of calli inside the perianth tube, the fused ratio of perianth lobes, and the structure of the lip and column. It is so far only found in the area of Mt Lilung in southern Taiwan.     

Neottia chandrae sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Nepal

Neottia chandrae B. B. Raskoti, J. J. Wood & Rita Ale sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Nepal. Notes on the diagnostic characters used to distinguish it from allied species are provided.     

Oberonia pygmaea sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand

In the context of an ongoing revision of the orchid genus Oberonia in Thailand, we describe and illustrate a new species under the name O. pygmaea Bunpha, H. A. Pedersen & Sridith. Vegetatively, the tiny new species is particularly similar to O. rufilabris Lindl. (widespread in mainland southeast Asia, including Thailand), whereas its floral morphology comes closest to the much larger O. costeriana J. J. Sm. from Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi. So far, O. pygmaea is only known from Pang Ung in the northern Thai province of Mae Hong Son, but we suggest that it should also be searched for in hill evergreen forest in adjoining parts of the Dawna Range, both in Thailand and Myanmar.     

Cheirostylis seidenfadeniana sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from India

Cheirostylis seidenfadeniana is described from Kerala in India. The new species appears to be related to C. parvifolia and shares some characteristics with C. thailandica and C. montana , but differs in floral characters.     

Campylocentrum guarinae sp. nov. (Vandeae,Orchidaceae) from Colombia

A new species of Campylocentrum from the Colombian Andes, C. guarinae, is described, illustrated and placed within a key to Colombian species of the genus. The new species resembles C. lansbergii from which it differs in vegetative and floral characters. The main differences between these species are described and illustrated.     

Schiedeella jean-mulleri sp. nov. and S. esquintlensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae, Stenorrhynchidinae) from Guatemala

Two new species of the genus Schiedeella Schltr. (Orchidaceae), S. jean-mulleri Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik and S. esquintlensis Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik, are described and illustrated. Their taxonomic position is briefly discussed.     

Cephalanthera humilis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Yunnan,China

Cephalanthera humilis X. H. Jin, a new species from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to C. calcarata but differs from it by having an entire lip without spur at base and the stigma on top of the column.     

Crossoglossa frontinoensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae,Malaxideae) from Colombia

A new species of the genus Crossoglossa, C. frontinoensis Szlach. & Kolan. sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The new species appears to be similar to Crossoglossa tipuloides, but it is easily separable by distinctly narrower lip with pandurate basal part and long‐acuminate apical part, much narrower, long‐acuminate sepals and petals and narrower leaves. Information about its habitat, ecology and distribution is provided.     

Dendrobium shixingense sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Guangdong,China

Dendrobium shixingense Z.‐L. Chen, S.‐J. Zeng et J. Duan sp. nov. (Orchidaceae), is described and illustrated from Guangdong, China; it is compared with its nearest allies, D. scoriarum, D. flexicaule and D. officinale.     

Dendrobium tamenglongense sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Manipur,India

Dendrobium tamenglongense R. Kishor, Y. N. Devi, H. B. Sharma, J. Tongbram & S. P. Vij sp. nov. from Manipur, India is described and illustrated as a new species. The new species differs from D. jaintianum in having larger and glabrous leaves with acute apices, green sepal apices, a 1–3‐flowered inflorescence, smaller and non‐fragrant flowers and a 3‐lobed labellum with fimbriate midlobe.     

Liparis guangxiensis sp. nov. (Malaxideae: Orchidaceae) from China

A new orchid species, Liparis guangxiensis C. L. Feng & X. H. Jin, is described and illustrated from Guangxi, China. It is a widespread epiphyte in the limestone region at elevations of 200–1400 m in tropical evergreen forest. Liparis guangxiensis is similar to L. rhombea sharing a similar habit, a bifid lip and a column without wings, but differs by having a compressed peduncle, lateral sepals forming in ‘V’ below the lip and an oblong lip with a callus at the base.     

Parietaria taiwania sp. nov. (Urticaceae) from Taiwan

A new species of Urticaceae, Parietaria taiwania C. L. Yeh & C. S. Leou is described and illustrated. The new species is related to P. micrantha Ledebour, but can be distinguished from it by being a perennial herb with climbing or pendulous stems, leaves that are sparsely pubescent on the adaxial side, unisexual flowers, male flowers without bracts and female flowers with a bract. This is the first record of a species of Parietaria in Taiwan.     

Inonotus taiwanensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from Taiwan

Inonotus taiwanensis (Hymenochaetales) is described as a new species collected from southern Taiwan, and all specimens grew on the trunk of Trema tomentosa. This new species is characterized by having resupinate, effuse-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, bright yellow context, long setal hyphae in context and trama, setae in hymenium and trama, and fairly small basidiospores. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenies inferred from both sequences of 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA indicated that I. taiwanensis forms a distinct clade within Inonotus, and the species is sister to I. tricolor. The comparison of morphological differences among I. taiwanensis and some closely related Inonotus spp. is presented.     

Hapalorchis neglecta sp. nov. and H. piesikii sp. nov. (Spiranthinae, Orchidaceae) from the Neotropics

Two new species of Hapalorchis Schltr. ( H. neglecta and H. piesikii ) from the Neotropics (Ecuador and Colombia, respectively) are described and illustrated. The taxonomic position of the taxa is briefly discussed.     

Micropera tibetica sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from southeastern Tibet,China

A new species of Orchidaceae, Micropera tibetica from Medog County, Tibet, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. mannii, from which it differs by having creamy white flowers, not twisted column, strongly oblique lateral sepals with emarginated apex, and very small lateral lobes of the lip.     

Calanthe yaoshanensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from northeastern Yunnan,China

A new species of Orchidaceae, Calanthe yaoshanensis Z. X. Ren & H. Wang from northeastern Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. brevicornu Lindley, from which it differs by having a glabrous column and an elliptical middle lobe with three triangular lamellae. The morphological differences between C. yaoshanensis and related species are discussed. The habitat was investigated and its conservation status was assessed as a ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR).     

Munronia yinggelingensis sp. nov. (Meliaceae) from Hainan, China

Munronia yinggelingensis R. J. Zhang, Y. S. Ye & F. W. Xing, a new species of Meliaceae from Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. Notes are also presented on the phenology, ecology and conservation status of the new species. The new species was found growing in the valley rain forests of Yinggeling Nature Reserve at altitudes of 600 m a.s.l. in Gaofeng, Baisha County, Hainan Province, China. It is closely related to Munronia delavayi Franch., but differs in its entire or inconspicuously coarsely serrate margins of leaflets, longer inflorescence (8–30  cm), longer calyx lobes (5 mm), shorter coronal tube (1.2–1.5  cm), with white hairs on both sides, shorter coronal lobes (0.6–0.9  cm) and shorter stamen tube (1.8  cm).     

Magnolia bawangensis sp. nov. (Magnoliaceae) from Hainan, China

Magnolia bawangensis Law, R. Z. Zhou & D. M. Liu (Magnoliaceae), a new species from the Mount Bawangling, Hainan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to M. paenetalauma Dandy, but differs by being a smaller tree with fewer spathe scars, absence of pedicels, pubescent and more numerous tepals, white pubescent and more numerous stamens.     

Malleola tibetica sp. nov. (Aeridinae,Orchidaceae) from Tibet,China

Malleola tibetica, a new species from southeastern tropical Tibet, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species is closely related to M. dentifera, but differs from it by having uniformly green leaves, flowers with entire lateral lobes of the lip and a basally thickened mid‐lobe, and a column that is densely cristaline‐papillose adaxially.