Plant Recruitment in Early Development Stages on Rehabilitated Quarries in Hong Kong

To understand vegetation development during the ecological succession of rehabilitated quarries, floristic composition and structure were evaluated at different restoration phases on three quarries in Hong Kong that were planted with exotic woody species over the course of 2–14 years. A total of 113 species, of which 82 were woody species, were recorded. Exotic species dominated the overstory, and species number, richness, and diversity increased with age. Some light‐demanding early successional species were becoming dominant in the overstory vegetation at the older phases of revegetation. These species could be potential candidates for early enrichment planting with Acacia spp. Common secondary forest species occurred naturally in the understory vegetation, and were more abundant and dominant after 10 years of ecological development. The most successful restorations were on scree slopes using leguminous Acacia spp. as nurse species.     

脂肪酸甲酯法检测空心莲子草入侵影响土壤微生物群落结构的初步研究

空心莲子草是我国2003年公布的第一批外来入侵物种。为了进一步了解该植物的入侵机制,采集湖北咸宁、仙桃和武汉三地的土样,采用土壤脂肪酸甲酯谱图分析的方法探讨该植物入侵对土壤微生物的影响。结果显示：空心莲子草入侵后土壤可培养细菌、真菌的数量显著增加,而放线菌的数量显著下降。脂肪酸分析表明土壤微生物群落结构发生一定程度的改变,但其变化因土壤的不同而有差异。     

兴安落叶松林不同强度火烧迹地土壤微生物群落特性研究

通过选取大兴安岭岭北部的兴安落叶松林重度、轻度火烧迹地以及为过火样地,运用磷脂脂肪酸分析方法（PLFAs）,研究了火烧对0~5和5~10 cm土层的土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落的结构特征的影响,并探讨了火烧当年土壤微生物群落生物量和群落结构的变化规律与影响因素。研究结果表明：0~5和5~10 cm土层的土壤pH、全钾、有效磷、黏砂比等土壤理化指标受到了火烧的显著性影响;不同火烧程度对微生物类群的生物量有影响,但不显著;重度火烧迹地的土壤微生物的群落结构指标革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌（G+/G-）以及真菌/细菌（F/B）与轻度和未过火样地具有显著差异。RDA分析指出,G+/G-受土壤含水量影响最大,F/B受pH影响最大。说明在火烧迹地的当年,土壤水分和pH是影响土壤微生物群落结构的最重要因素。     

不同种植年限对花椒根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响

为揭示不同种植年限对花椒根际微生态系统的影响,利用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）生物标记法结合土壤养分和酶活性分析,研究了种植年限1、15、30 a的花椒根际土壤的理化性质和微生物群落变化。结果显示,随着种植年限的增加,土壤pH和多酚氧化酶活性呈下降趋势,土壤速效钾和速效磷在15、30 a时显著增加。土壤微生物总PLFA、真菌、革兰氏阴性细菌（G^-）PLFA含量均随种植年限呈增加趋势,30a时达到最大,分别为401.95、88.14、118.61 μg·g^-1。革兰氏阳性细菌（G ⁺ ）和放线菌PLFA含量随种植年限呈先增后降趋势。细菌/真菌和G⁺/G^-随种植年限增加呈下降趋势,与1 a相比,30 a时分别下降34.14%、38.87%。土壤pH与总PLFA、G^-、细菌、真菌呈显著负相关,与G ⁺ /G^-呈显著正相关;多酚氧化酶活性与真菌呈显著负相关,与细菌/真菌、G ⁺ /G^-呈显著正相关。本研究表明：花椒根际理化性质、酶活性和微生物群落结构随种植年限增加发生了显著变化,根际土壤pH、速效磷、速效钾、多酚氧化酶的变化是影响土壤微生物群落与组成的主要环境因子,真菌和G^-的增加及多酚氧化酶活性的降低可能是诱导花椒根腐病发生的重要原因。     

Effect of Elevated CO2 and Drought on Soil Microbial Communities Associated with Andropogon gerardii

Our understanding of the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, singly and In combination with other environmental changes,on plant-soil interactions is incomplete. Elevated CO2 effects on C4 plants, though smaller than on C3 species, are mediated mostly via decreased stomatal conductance and thus water loss. Therefore, we characterized the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and drought on soil microbial communities associated with a dominant C4 prairie grass, Andropogon gerardii Vitman. Elevated CO2 and drought both affected resources available to the soil microbial community. For example, elevated CO2 increased the soil C:N ratio and water content during drought, whereas drought alone decreased both. Drought significantly decreased soil microbial biomass. In contrast, elevated COz increased biomass while ameliorating biomass decreases that were induced under drought. Total and active direct bacterial counts and carbon substrate use (overall use and number of used sources) increased significantly under elevated CO2. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that drought and elevated CO2, singly and combined, did not affect the soil bacteria community structure.We conclude that elevated CO2 alone increased bacterial abundance and microbial activity and carbon use, probably in response to increased root exudation. Elevated CO2 also limited drought-related impacts on microbial activity and biomass,which likely resulted from decreased plant water use under elevated CO2. These are among the first results showing that elevated CO2 and drought work in opposition to modulate plant-associated soil-bacteria responses,which should then Influence soil resources and plant and ecosystem function.     

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles as measures of soil microbial community structure

Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles extracted from soils is a rapid and inexpensive procedure that holds great promise in describing soil microbial community structure without traditional reliance on selective culturing, which seems to severely underestimate community diversity. Interpretation of FAME profiles from environmental samples can be difficult because many fatty acids are common to different microorganisms and many fatty acids are extracted from each soil sample. We used principal components (PCA) and cluster analyses to identify similarities and differences among soil microbial communities described using FAME profiles. We also used PCA to identify particular FAMEs that characterized soil sample clusters. Fatty acids that are found only or primarily in particular microbial taxa-marker fatty acids-were used in conjunction with these analyses. We found that the majority of 162 soil samples taken from a conventionally-tilled corn field had similar FAME profiles but that about 20% of samples seemed to have relatively low, and that about 10% had relatively high, bacterial:fungal ratios. Using semivariance analysis we identified 21:0 iso as a new marker fatty acid. Concurrent use of geostatistical and FAME analyses may be a powerful means of revealing other potential marker FAMEs. When microbial communities from the same samples were cultured on R2A agar and their FAME profiles analyzed, there were many differences between FAME profiles of soil and plated communities, indicating that profiles of FAMEs extracted from soil reveal portions of the microbial community not culturable on R2A. When subjected to PCA, however, a small number of plated communities were found to be distinct due to some of the same profile characteristics (high in 12:0 iso, 15:0 and 17:1 ante A) that identified soil community FAME profiles as distinct. Semivariance analysis indicated that spatial distributions of soil microbial populations are maintained in a portion of the microbial community that is selected on laboratory media. These similarities between whole soil and plated community FAME profiles suggest that plated communities are not solely the result of selection by the growth medium, but reflect the distribution, in situ, of the dominant, culturable soil microbial populations.     

荒漠草原3种典型群落类型的土壤微生物量碳氮研究

采用氯仿熏蒸-浸提法,以宁夏盐池荒漠草原3种典型群落(柠条、沙蒿、短花针茅)类型为研究对象,分析了不同生境(冠下、丛间)和不同土层间(0~5、5~10、10~15cm)土壤理化性质及微生物量——微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)的变化特征。结果表明:(1)3种群落土壤微生物量变化差异较大,柠条、沙蒿和短花针茅群落土壤MBC含量分别为77.00~393.18、17.27~221.71和81.05~173.37mg/kg,MBN含量分别为7.59~64.81、1.43~13.95和4.25~22.13mg/kg,MBC和MBN含量均表现为:冠下丛间,且随土层深度的增加而降低,有明显的"沃岛效应"。(2)群落类型对土壤微生物量碳氮含量的变化有显著影响,3种典型群落类型下土壤微生物量熵(qMB)、碳氮比(C/N)、微生物量碳氮比(MBC/MBN)分别在0.76~4.10、15.02~52.50、5.34~23.07范围内变化,其比值在不同生境和不同土层深度的分布特征有明显差异。(3)3种典型群落类型的土壤MBC与SOC、MBN、qMB具有显著相关关系,土壤C/N与MBC/MBN呈显著正相关关系,表明土壤MBC、MBN具有一定的生物学指示特性,可以作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标。     

Effects of Different Chinese Hickory Husk Returning Modes on Soil Nutrition and Microbial Community in Acid Forest Soil

Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is an important economic forest in Southeastern China. A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning. Meanwhile, intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations. This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment, including soil acidity, soil nutrition, and microbial community. The field experiment carried out four treatments: control (CK), hickory husk mulching (HM), hickory husk biochar (BC), and hickory husk organic fertilizer (OF). The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarker method was employed to determine the soil microbial community. After one year of treatment, the results showed that: (i) HM and BC significantly increased soil pH by 0.33 and 1.71 units, respectively; (ii) HM, BC and OF treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorous, and available potassium. The OF treatment demonstrated the most significant improvement in the soil nutrient; (iii) The soil microbial biomass significantly increased in the HM, BC and OF treatments, and all microbial groups showed an increasing trend. HM treatment increased the fungal/bacterial ratio (F/B). The OF treatment significantly decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’) and evenness index (J) of the microbial community (P < 0.05). Considering the treatments effects, costs, and ease of operation, our recommended returning modes of Chinese hickory husk are mulching and organic fertilizer produced by composting with manure.     

Microbial indices of soil fertility

AIMS: To find the new microbial parameters explaining the soil fertility from the microbial community viewpoint. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis were carried out using 16 differently treated plots from the same field that had been kept under different fertilizer management systems since 1984. It was found that organic fertilizer application had small impact, whereas chemical fertilizer application, especially ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer, had strong impact on microbial community structures. Principal component analysis was conducted based on soil chemical and physical parameters, crop yields, FAMEs and terminal-restriction fragments (T-RFs) to provide 10 FAMEs and 10 T-RFs showing strong relation with soil fertility. CONCLUSION: We defined these 10 FAMEs and 10 T-RFs as 'keystone' biological parameters explaining soil fertility in the soil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report on the FAMEs and T-RFs related to soil fertility. Both analyses are rapid, inexpensive and reproducible means. As field assessment needs precise and rapid analysis, FAME and T-RFLP analyses and these new parameters are very useful to analyse soil fertility at biological viewpoint.     

退化红壤不同人工林恢复下土壤节肢动物群落特征

对退化红壤上恢复 1 0 a的 4种人工林 ,即小叶栎 ( Quercuschenii)、木荷 ( Schima superba)、马尾松 ( Pinusmassonina)与木荷 -马尾松的混交林土壤节肢动物群落进行了季节动态调查。结果表明 ,不同林地节肢动物群落的组成和数量发生了明显分异。节肢动物类群数在各季节一般都是小叶栎最高 ,混交林、木荷居中 ,马尾松最低。节肢动物的个体数总体上仍以小叶栎最高 ,但在夏季 ,马尾松林地由于弹尾目数量爆发而使总个体数最高。节肢动物群落存在明显的季节波动 ,一般春季节肢动物类群数和个体数量最高 ,夏季最低 ,夏季高温干旱对节肢动物有强烈的抑制作用 ,而冬季低温对节肢动物的影响不及夏季干热的影响严重。各季节林地节肢动物群落组成皆以螨类为主体 ,占总个体数的 6 0 .2 %～ 91 .7%。弹尾目占总个体数的比例季节变化较大 ,但均以马尾松林地为最高。捕食者数量 (蜈蚣和蜘蛛 )在各季节都是小叶栎显著高于其它林地 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,混交林与木荷比较接近 ,而马尾松最低。在群落多样性指数中 ,丰富度指数 d和密度 -类群指数DG表达的群落差异明显 ,其在不同林地的大小顺序与类群数趋势基本一致 ,而香农指数 H、均匀度指数 J群落之间基本无差异。聚类分析和鉴别分析将不同林地的节肢动物群落分成 4组 ,小叶     

荒漠草原4种常见植物群落土壤酶活性比较

该研究以宁夏盐池县沙边子地区4种常见的植物群落苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、油蒿(Artermisia ordosica)和盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)为研究对象,通过对群落组成和土壤基本理化性质的研究,以及对脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶4种常见土壤酶活性的检测,分析了荒漠草原不同植物群落的土壤微环境。结果表明:(1)不同植物群落物种组成不同,且在研究区禾本科、菊科、藜科植物出现的频率相对较高。(2)不同植物群落土壤理化性质存在差异。苦豆子群落土壤容重较低,土壤全氮含量相对较高;芨芨草群落土壤pH明显较高,土壤有机碳含量相对较高;油蒿群落土壤水分含量较低,土壤全磷含量较低;盐爪爪群落土壤盐分含量显著高于其它植物群落。(3)不同植物群落土壤酶活性存在差异,其中芨芨草和油蒿群落的表层土(0~10cm)的土壤脲酶活性较高;油蒿和盐爪爪群落的土壤过氧化氢酶随着土层加深酶活性反而有升高趋势;苦豆子和芨芨草群落的土壤磷酸酶活性较高,盐爪爪群落各土层间磷酸酶活性无显著差异;4种群落土壤蔗糖酶活性普遍较低,且各土层间差异也不大。(4)不同植物群落的同种土壤酶活性间相关性不同。研究认为,根据不同植物群落特征及土壤特性,尤其是不同植物群落间土壤酶活性的相关性,可预测荒漠草原地区植物群落演替趋势,通过适度的人为调控,可使群落向进展方向演替。     

不同荒漠植物根际土壤微生物群落结构特征

于2015年7月在甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区采集膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)、红砂(Reaumuria songarica)、合头草(Sympegma regelii)、泡泡刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)和珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)5种典型荒漠植物根际土壤样品,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法结合Sherlock微生物鉴定系统分析了土壤微生物群落结构。结果表明,5种荒漠植物根际土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸种类和组成差异显著,其中表征革兰氏阳性菌的18:0 iso、16:0 iso和17:1 isoω9c分别为红砂、珍珠猪毛菜特有表征放线菌的18:1ω7c 10-methyl仅在珍珠猪毛菜根际存在。总PLFAs、真菌、放线菌和真菌/细菌在珍珠猪毛菜中显著最高,革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌在膜果麻黄和珍珠猪毛菜根际显著高于其他植物,AM真菌在合头草根际有最高值。结构方程模型分析表明,与植物相比,土壤因子对微生物群落结构影响更为显著,其中易提取球囊霉素对放线菌有显著影响,土壤碱解氮是革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的主要影响因子。同时,土壤微生物群落结构可用于检测不同荒漠植物根际微环境土壤退化状况。     

复合菌系RSS-4腐解稻秆过程中的菌系动态变化

采用传统平扳分离培养方法和PCR—DGGE技术研究了水稻秸秆腐解复合菌系RSS-4在腐解稻秆过。程中菌种区系变化情况。结果表明：平板分离培养方法显示,在稻秆腐解过程中,微生物的数量呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,在整个腐解过程中细菌的数量占优势;DGGE图谱显示,至少有12种细菌和18种真菌的近缘种参与到稻秆的腐解过程。在其腐解过程中,不同腐解阶段真菌的组成呈现出多样性,数量变化差异也较大：细菌DGGE图谱中的条带1、9、10等以及真菌DGGE图谱中的条带8、9、13等为优势菌株,它们贯穿于稻秤腐解的整个过程;细菌中的条带12以及真菌中的条带4在腐解的前期起作用,而后迅速消失;细菌中的条带3、11等以及真菌中的条带3、10等在腐解的后期才出现而起作用;而细菌中的条带2以夏真菌中的条带1、5等仅出现在腐解的莱一时期。     

长庆油田延9低渗透油藏微生物群落研究

目的:研究长庆油田延9低渗透油藏微生物群落,为实施微生物提高原油采收率提供指导和依据。方法:长庆油田延9油藏三口不同油井(柳28-46、柳28-47和柳27-45)的油水样品建立16S rDNA克隆文库进行研究。结果:构建了柳28-46、柳28-47和柳27-45油井样品的微生物基因克隆文库,其分类操作单元(OUT)数分别为21、20和20个;序列分析比对表明,3口井的共同的优势微生物菌群为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginos),分别占各文库的32.8%、32%和42.9%,它是最常见最主要的采油功能菌之一。此外硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)和铁细菌也处于优势地位,它们是原油开采中的有害菌。结论:延9低渗透油藏微生物群落和其潜在功能的分析为开展微生物提高石油采收率应用提供了良好的基础资料。     

Changes in Soil Microbial Community Associated with Invasion of the Exotic Weed, Mikania micrantha H.B.K

Invasions of exotic plant species are among the most pervasive and important threats to natural ecosystems. However, the effects of plant invasions on soil processes and soil biota have not been adequately investigated. Changes were studied in soil microbial communities where Mikania micrantha was invading a native forest community in Neilingding Island, Shenzhen, China. The soil microbial community structure (assessed by phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] profiles) and function (assessed by enzyme activities), as well as soil chemical properties were measured. The results showed that the invasion of M. micrantha into the evergreen broadleaved forests in South China changed most of the characteristics in studied soils. Microbial community structure and function differed significantly among the native, two ecotones, and exotic-derived soils. For PLFA profiles, we observed a significant increase in aerobic bacteria but a decrease in anaerobic bacteria in the M. micrantha monoculture as compared to the native and ecotones. The ratio of cy19:0 to18:1ω7 gradually declined but mono/sat PLFAs increased as M. micrantha became more dominant. Both ratios were significantly related to pH according to regression analysis, therefore, pH was a sensitive indicator reflecting the invaded soil subsystem succession. The microbial community composition clearly separated the native soil from the invaded soils by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). For enzyme activities, 7 of 9 enzymes (β-glucosidase, invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) showed the similar trend that the activities were highest in the exotic, intermediate in the two ecotones, and lowest in the native community. In most cases, enzyme activities were influenced by soil chemical properties, especially by pH value and soil organic matter. Differences in the structural variables were well correlated to differences in the functional variables as demonstrated by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). It was concluded that M. micrantha invasion had profound effects on the soil subsystem, which must be taken into account when we try to control its invasions.     

水田改果园后土壤性质的变化及其特征

近年来,水田改作经济林地,在我国南方地区非常普遍。为深入了解这一转变对土壤质量的影响,以浙江省典型水稻土(青粉泥田)及其改果园不同年限的系列表层土壤(0—15 cm)为研究对象,应用磷脂脂肪酸生物标记等方法,研究了水田改果园后土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构等性质的变化以及它们之间的关系。结果表明,水田改果园后,土壤中大于0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体、盐基饱和度、p H值、有机质、全氮和碱解氮等随着改果园年限的延长而显著降低(P0.05)。土壤微生物生物量碳氮、微生物商和土壤呼吸强度随改果园年限增加而显著下降(P0.01)。土壤微生物群落结构也发生明显变化:磷脂脂肪酸总量显著降低(P0.01),微生物种类减少,原生动物在土壤微生物中所占比例增加,革兰氏阴性细菌与革兰氏阳性细菌比值降低(P0.01),好氧细菌/厌氧细菌和甲烷氧化菌/细菌增加(P0.01),表征养分胁迫的环丙基脂肪酸/前体物和异式脂肪酸/反异支链脂肪酸显著增加(P0.01)。冗余分析表明,土壤含水率、有机质和碱解氮是决定水田和果园土壤微生物群落结构差异的最重要因子(P0.01);改果园后,土壤微生物群落结构发生了阶段性变化,不同利用方式对微生物群落结构的影响程度要大于同一利用方式耕作不同年限对微生物群落结构的影响。研究表明,水田改果园后土壤理化性质以及生物学性质发生退化,土壤质量下降;而水田中微生物数量和种类都比较丰富,因而认为水田是土壤(地)可持续利用的一种有效方式。     

培养条件下二氯喹啉酸对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨除草剂二氯喹啉酸对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,在25℃黑暗培养条件下,采用磷脂脂肪酸法(Phospholipid Fatty Acid,PLFA)分析了二氯喹啉酸(0对照、83.3和166.6μg/kg干土)处理对淹水和不淹水水田土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,在实验处理的60 d内,不淹水水田土壤在83.3μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理后对土壤微生物生物总量、细菌生物量及真菌生物量有抑制作用,而166.6μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理后各生物量指标均显著增加,但是两种浓度处理均使土壤真菌/细菌比值下降,说明二氯喹啉酸处理会使不淹水水田土壤微生物稳定性下降;淹水水田土壤在83.3μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理下,对土壤微生物生物总量和真菌生物量有促进作用,对细菌生物量有一定的抑制作用,166.6μg/kg二氯喹啉酸处理对土壤微生物生物总量、细菌及真菌生物量均有促进作用,从真菌/细菌比值上看,不同浓度处理与对照无显著差异,说明二氯喹啉酸对淹水生物稳定性无明显干扰。PLFA主成分分析表明,不同浓度处理的两种土壤微生物群落均以含14∶0、15∶0、16∶0和18∶2n6c的微生物为优势种群。     

紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)入侵对土壤微生物群落和理化性质的影响

外来入侵植物与入侵地土壤微生物群落的互作关系是影响外来植物入侵力和生态系统可入侵性的一个重要领域。因此,研究外来植物入侵对入侵地土壤微生物群落及其理化性质的影响不仅可以全面地评估入侵植物对生态系统的影响,而且对于探索外来植物入侵的土壤微生物学机制尤为重要。采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)和传统培养相结合的方法研究了外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰对入侵地土壤微生物群落结构的影响;同时研究了紫茎泽兰入侵对11种土壤理化因子的影响。结果表明紫茎泽兰入侵改变了土壤微生物群落结构,提高了土壤自生固氮菌、氨氧化细菌和真菌的数量;同时,显著地提高了土壤的有效磷、速效钾、硝态氮、氨态氮和土壤有机碳含量,降低了土壤总钾含量和pH值。土壤微生物不同生理类群的变化与土壤中植物可直接吸收利用养分的变化显著相关。紫茎泽兰在入侵地成功定殖后,可能通过改变土壤微生物群落结构,特别是增加了与土壤养分循环相关的微生物功能类群数量,进而提高了土壤可利用的养分水平,创造对自身生长有利的土壤环境。紫茎泽兰改变土壤微生物群落是其入侵的一部分,这种改变进而加速了土壤养分循环,可能增强了紫茎泽兰的养分吸收,进而促进其生长、竞争和扩张。     

生物焦对土壤生态系统的影响效应

生物焦是生物残体在厌氧条件下高温裂解产生的,其主要成分为碳,芳香化程度很高,具有孔隙多、比表面积大、电荷密度高、不易分解等特点。目前的一些研究显示,生物焦具有提高土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）和pH、改善土壤肥力和健康状况、增加作物产量、减少温室气体排放等作用。生物焦施于土壤后,还具有增加土壤微生物量、改变土壤微生物群落结构,促进部分微生物生长等影响效应。然而,目前有关生物焦的研究还大都局限于表观效应上,缺乏对其微观内在机制的深入探讨。